[Akanmu A.M., Hassen A. (2017). The use of certain medicinal plant extracts reduced in vitro methane production while improving in vitro organic matter digestibility. Anim. Prod. Sci., https://doi.org/10.1071/AN16291.10.1071/16291]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Amokrane S., Rabah A., Tudisco R., Rahab H., Infascelli F., Calabrò S. (2016). Effect of Chamaemelum nobile and Chrysanthemum segetum extracts on ruminal methanogenesis, in vitro degradability and methane forming population. Int. J. Adv. Res., 4: 141-154.10.21474/IJAR01/360]Search in Google Scholar
[AOAC (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, 18th ed.]Search in Google Scholar
[Benchaar C., Mc Allister T.A., Chouinard P.Y. (2008). Digestion, ruminal fermentation, ciliate protozoal populations, and milk production from dairy cows fed cinnamaldehyde, quebracho condensed tannin, or Yucca schidigera saponin extracts. J. Dairy Sci., 91: 4765-4777.10.3168/jds.2008-1338]Search in Google Scholar
[Blümmel M., Makkar H.P.S., Beker K. (1997). In vitro gas production:atechnique revisited. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 77: 24-34.10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00734.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Busquet M., Calsamiglia S., Ferret A., Kamel C. (2006). Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 761-771.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72137-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Calabrò S., Guglielmelli A., Iannaccone F., Danieli P.P., Tudisco R., Ruggie - ro C., Piccolo G., Cutrignelli M.I., Infascelli F. (2012). Fermentation kinetics of sainfoin hay with and without PEG. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 96: 842-849.10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01260.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Calabrò S., Cutrignelli M.I., Lo Presti V., Tudisco R., Chiofalo V., Grossi M., Infascelli F., Chiofalo B. (2015). Characterization and effect of year of harvest on the nutritional properties of three varieties of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.). J. Sci. Food Agric., 95: 3127-3136.10.1002/jsfa.7049]Search in Google Scholar
[Cardozo P.W., Calsamiglia S., Ferret A., Kamel C. (2004). Effects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci., 82: 3230-3236.10.2527/2004.82113230x]Search in Google Scholar
[Cerasoli S., Caldeira M.C., Pereira J.S., Caudullo G.,de Rigo D. (2016). Eucalyptus globulus and other eucalypts in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In: European atlas of forest tree species, San-Miguel-Ayanz J., de Rigo D., Caudullo G., Houston Durrant T., Mauri A. (eds). Publ. Off. EU, Luxembourg, pp. e01b5bb+.]Search in Google Scholar
[Cetkovic G.S., Brunet J.M., Bjilas S.M., Tumbas V.T., Markov S.L., Cetkovic D.D. (2007). Antioxidant potential, lipid peroxidation inhibition and antimicrobial activities of Satureja montana L., Subsp. Kitaibelli extracts. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 8: 1013-1026.10.3390/i8101013]Search in Google Scholar
[Chaudhary U.B., Gupta A. (2013). Effect of different plant extracts on methane and total gas production in goats under in vitro condition. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. and Exhib. on Nutritional Science and Therapy, Philadelphia, USA, 15-17.07.2013.Cushnie T.P.T., Lamb A.J. (2011). Recent advances in understanding the antibacterial properties of flavonoids. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 38: 99-107.10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.02.014]Search in Google Scholar
[Dey A., Paul S.S., Rathor P.R. (2014). Potential of Moringa oleifera leaves in modulating in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of wheat straw in buffalo. Ind. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 533-538.]Search in Google Scholar
[Goel G., Makkar H.P.S., Becker K. (2007). Effect of saponin-rich fractions of different plants on rumen fermentation with particular reference to methane emission in vitro. Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol., Abstract, 16: 68.]Search in Google Scholar
[Guglielmelli A., Calabrò S., Primi R., Carone F., Cutrignelli M.I., Tudisco R., Piccolo G., Ronchi B., Danieli P.P. (2011). In vitro fermentation patterns and methane production of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) hay with different condensed tannin contents. Grass For. Sci., 66: 488-500.10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00805.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Hart K.J., Yanez- Ruiz D.R., Duval S.M., Mc Ewan N.R., Newbold C.J. (2008). Plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 147: 8-35.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.09.007]Search in Google Scholar
[Hristov A.N., Ivan M., Neill L., Mc Allister T.A. (2003). Evaluation of several potential bioactive agents for reducing protozoal activity in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 105: 163-184.10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00060-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Jarrige R. (1998). Alimentation des Bovins, Ovins et Caprins. INRA, Paris, France.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jiménez- Peralta F.S., Salem A.Z.M., Mejia- Hernandez P., Gonzalez-Ronquil- lo M., Albarran-Portillo B., Rojo-Rubio R., Tinoco-Jaramillo J.L. (2011). Influence of individual and mixed extracts of two tree species on in vitro gas production kinetics of high-concentrate diet fed to growing lambs. Livest. Sci., 136: 192-200.10.1016/j.livsci.2010.09.008]Search in Google Scholar
[Kamra D.N., Agarwal N., Chaudhary L.C. (2005). Inhibition of ruminal methanogenesis by tropical plants containing secondary compounds, Soliva C.R., Takahashi J., Kreuzer M. (eds). Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on greenhouse gases and animal agriculture. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 102-111.]Search in Google Scholar
[Makkar H.P.S., Blümmel M., Becker K. (1997). In vitro rumen apparent and true digestibilities of tannin-rich forages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 67: 245-251.10.1016/S0377-8401(96)01146-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Manh N., Wanapat S., Uriyapongson M., Khejornsart S., Chanthakhoun P.V. (2012). Effect of eucalyptus (Camaldulensis) leaf meal powder on rumen fermentation characteristics in cattle fed on rice straw. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 7: 1997-2003.10.5897/AJAR11.1347]Search in Google Scholar
[McIntosh F.M., Williams P., Losa R., Wallace R.J., Beever D.A., Newbold C.J. (2003). Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69: 5011-5014.10.1128/AEM.69.8.5011-5014.2003]Search in Google Scholar
[Mitsumori M., Sun W. (2008). Control of rumen microbial fermentation for mitigating methane emissions from the rumen. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 21: 144-154.10.5713/ajas.2008.r01]Search in Google Scholar
[Morgavi D.P., Newbold C.J., Beever D.E., Wallace R.J. (2000). Stability and stabilization of potential feed additive enzymes in rumen fluid. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 26: 171-177.10.1016/S0141-0229(99)00133-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Morgavi D.P., Forano E., Martin C., Newbold C.J. (2010). Microbial ecosystem and methanogenesis in ruminants. Animal, 4: 1024-1036.10.1017/S1751731110000546]Search in Google Scholar
[Musco N., Calabrò S., Infascelli F., Tudisco R., Lombardi P., Grossi M., Addi L., Neto B.P., Cutrignelli M.I. (2015). In vitro fermentation of structural carbohydrate-rich feeds using faecal inoculum from pigs. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 14: 557-562.10.4081/ijas.2015.3875]Search in Google Scholar
[Musco N., Koura I.B., Tudisco R., Awadjih G., Adjolohoun S., Cutrignelli M.I., Mollica M.P., Houinato M., Infascelli F., Calabrò S. (2016). Nutritional characteristics of forage grown in south of Benin. Asian-Austral. J. Anim. Sci., 29: 51-61.10.5713/ajas.15.0200]Search in Google Scholar
[Newbold C.J., Wallace R.J., Chen X.B., Mc Intosh F.M. (1995). Different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae differ in their effects on ruminal bacterial numbers in vitro and in sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 73: 1811-1818.10.2527/1995.7361811x]Search in Google Scholar
[Ogimot K., Imai S. (1981). Atlas of rumen microbiology. Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 158.]Search in Google Scholar
[Oskoueian E., Abdullah N., Oskoueian A. (2013). Effects of flavonoids on rumen fermentation activity, methane production, and microbial population. Bio. Med. Res. Inter., Article ID 349129, 8 pages, doi:10.1155/2013/349129.]Search in Google Scholar
[Patra A.K., Saxena J. (2009). Dietary phytochemicals as rumen modifiers:areview of the effects on microbial populations. A. Van Leeuw. J. Microb., 96: 363-375.10.1007/s10482-009-9364-1]Search in Google Scholar
[Patra A.K., Yu Z. (2012). Effects of essential oils on methane production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of, rumen microbial populations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78: 4271-4280.10.1128/AEM.00309-12]Search in Google Scholar
[Patra A.K., Kamra D.N., Agarwal N. (2006). Effect of plant extracts on in vitro methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feed in rumen liquor of buffalo. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 128: 276-291.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.11.001]Search in Google Scholar
[Ravindra K., Kamra D.N., Neeta A., Chaudhary L.C. (2009). Effect of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) oil on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of feed with buffalo rumen liquor. Anim. Nutr. Feed Techn., 9: 237-243.]Search in Google Scholar
[Regulation (EC) No. 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition. Off. J. Europ. Union., L 268/29, 46: 29-44.]Search in Google Scholar
[Regulation (EC) No. 882/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on official controls performed to ensure the verification of compliance with feed and food law, animal health and animal welfare rules. Off. J. Europ. Union., L165, 1-141.]Search in Google Scholar
[Russell J.B., Onodera R., Hindo T. (1991). Ruminal protein fermentation, new perspectives on previous contradictions. In: Physiological aspects of digestion and metabolism in ruminants, Tsuda T., Sasaki Y., Kawashima R. (eds). Academic Press Tokyo, Japan, pp. 681-697.10.1016/B978-0-12-702290-1.50034-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Salem A.Z.M., Kholif A.E., Olivares M., Elghandour M.M.Y., Mellado M., Arece J. (2014). Influence of S. babylonica extract on feed intake, growth performance and diet in vitro gas production profile in young lambs. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 46: 213-219.10.1007/s11250-013-0478-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Sallam S.M.A, Bueno I.C.S., Brigide P., Godoy P.B., Vitti D.M.S.S., Abdalla A.L. (2009). Efficacy of Eucalyptus oil on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production. In: Options Mediterraneennes - Nutritional and foraging ecology of sheep and goats, 85: 267-272.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sallam S.M.A., Bueno I.C.S., Nasser M.E.A., Abdalla A.L. (2010). Effect of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) fresh or residue leaves on methane emission in vitro. Ita. J. Anim. Sci., 9: 299-303.]Search in Google Scholar
[Santana A., Pérez- Ruchel A., Cajarville C., Repetto J.L. (2012). Intake, digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed pasture, total mixed ration or both. Abstract. J. Dairy Sci., 95: 488.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sauvant D., Gouet Ph. (1970). Comparaison de deux techniques pour denombrer les protozoaires du rumen et precision obtenue. Ann. Biol. Anim. Bioch., 10: 689-696.10.1051/rnd:19700413]Search in Google Scholar
[Silva J., Worku A., Sousa S.M., Duarte V.G., Machado M.I.L., Matos F.J.A. (2003). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus. J. Ethnoph., 89: 277-283.10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.007]Search in Google Scholar
[Sirohi S.K., Goel N., Pandey P. (2012). Efficacy of different methanolic plant extracts on antimethanogenesis, rumen fermentation and gas production kinetics in vitro. Open Vet. J., 2: 72-77.10.5455/OVJ.2012.v2.i0.p72]Search in Google Scholar
[Sobhy M.A.S., Ives C.S., Bueno E.A., Nasser M., Abdalla A.L. (2010). Effect of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) fresh or residue leaves on methane emission in vitro. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 9:3, e58.]Search in Google Scholar
[Thao N.T., Wanapat M., Cherdthong A., Kang S. (2015). Effects of eucalyptus crude oils supplementation on rumen fermentation, microorganism and nutrient digestibility in swamp buffaloes. Asian-Austral. J. Anim. Sci., 27: 46-54.10.5713/ajas.2013.13301]Search in Google Scholar
[Ulger I., Kamalak A., Kurt O., Kaya E., Guven I. (2017). Comparison of the chemical composition and anti-methanogenic potential of Liquidambar orientalis leaves with Laurus nobilis and Eucalyptus globulus leaves using an in vitro gas production technique. Cienc. Invest. Agr., 44: 75-82.10.7764/rcia.v44i1.1637]Search in Google Scholar
[Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B., Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2]Search in Google Scholar