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E-Fuel Blend Operation of Small Industral SI-Engines with Carburetors

Leander MARQUARDT

Leander MARQUARDT

Fakultät Maschinenbau, Hochschule StralsundStralsund,
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MARQUARDT, Leander
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Heiner-Joachim KATKE

Heiner-Joachim KATKE

Fakultät Maschinenbau, Hochschule StralsundStralsund,
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KATKE, Heiner-Joachim
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Maik HABECK

Maik HABECK

Fakultät Maschinenbau, Hochschule StralsundStralsund,
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HABECK, Maik
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Andreas REINKE

Andreas REINKE

Fakultät Maschinenbau, Hochschule StralsundStralsund,
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REINKE, Andreas
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Lena TEUBNER

Lena TEUBNER

Fakultät Maschinenbau, Hochschule StralsundStralsund,
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TEUBNER, Lena
  
Sep 05, 2025
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Published Online: Sep 05, 2025
Page range: 369 - 379
Received: Feb 12, 2025
Accepted: Jun 16, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2025-0044
Keywords
© 2025 Leander MARQUARDT et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1a

Power and mass of chain saws
Power and mass of chain saws

Fig. 1b

Time for use/recharging of lawn mowers
Time for use/recharging of lawn mowers

Fig. 2a

Relevant fuel specifications for blends with 0 … 100 vol.% CH3OH
Relevant fuel specifications for blends with 0 … 100 vol.% CH3OH

Fig. 2b

Relevant fuel specifications for blends with 0 … 100 vol.% CH3OH
Relevant fuel specifications for blends with 0 … 100 vol.% CH3OH

Fig. 3a

Calculation of sub-stoichiometric combustion
Calculation of sub-stoichiometric combustion

Fig. 3b

Conversion of exhaust-gas concentration
Conversion of exhaust-gas concentration

Fig. 4a

Test-engine Briggs & Stratton Intek Pro 206
Test-engine Briggs & Stratton Intek Pro 206

Fig. 4b

Performance at site and valve lift of test-engine
Performance at site and valve lift of test-engine

Fig. 5a

Strategies for λ-adjustment with sub-stoichiometric basic layout
Strategies for λ-adjustment with sub-stoichiometric basic layout

Fig. 5b.

Strategies for λ-adjustment with lean basic layout
Strategies for λ-adjustment with lean basic layout

Fig. 6a.

Fuel-switch without adaptations of carburetor
Fuel-switch without adaptations of carburetor

Fig. 6b

Fuel-switch with enabled λ-control
Fuel-switch with enabled λ-control

Fig. 7.

Relevant test equipment
Relevant test equipment

Fig. 8.

Fault of Lambda-Meter without adjusting fuel-parameters
Fault of Lambda-Meter without adjusting fuel-parameters

Fig. 9a.

Test results – Operational values
Test results – Operational values

Fig. 9b

Test results – Standard deviation of peak pressure
Test results – Standard deviation of peak pressure

Fig. 9c

Test results – Specific exhaust gas emissions
Test results – Specific exhaust gas emissions

Fig. 10.

Test results – Pressure indications at λ ≈ 0.85
Test results – Pressure indications at λ ≈ 0.85

Fig. 11a

Sparkplug after methanol operation
Sparkplug after methanol operation

Fig. 11b

Endoscopy of combustion chamber [26]
Endoscopy of combustion chamber [26]

Fig. 12.

Results of analysis of lubrication-oil
Results of analysis of lubrication-oil

Fig. 13.

Results of material tests [26]
Results of material tests [26]

Relevant test equipment and measuring devices

Value Measuring principle Type
OutputPe Electric retarder (eddy-current) Hummert HATWWB C1
Engine speednM Optical reflection sensor AlbornFUA 9192
Fuel massmFuel Laboratory balance KernITB35K1IP
Fuel/air-ratioIETAS ZrO2-sensor Lambda-MeterETAS ES630.1 / BOSCH LSU4.2
Exhaust gasCOCO2O2NOXTHC NDIRNDIRMPACLA (dry / cold)FIA HoribaEXSA-1500
Cyl. indicationPCyl = f(f) Piezo-electric transducerCharge amplifierOptical encoderScopeCorder KIAG 6051BKIAG 5007Hohner Serie 27Yokogawa DL850

Analysis of Gasoline (E5) and Blends with 30, 60 and 100 vol_% CH3OH (M30, M60, M100)

Fuel Elementary Analysis Atomic Fraction RON
cK [m%] hK [m%] oK [m%] C : H : O (approx.)
Super E5 88.307 11.329 0.364 1 : 1.53 : 0.00 95
M30 72.497 11.714 15.750 1 : 1.93 : 0.16 99
M60 57.167 12.087 30.668 1 : 2.52 : 0.40 103
M100 37.437 12.567 49.869 1 : 4.00 : 1.00 109
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics, Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Biomechanics, Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering
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