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Circumventing vascular barriers for effective immunotherapy in brain tumors – focus on glioblastoma

Janusz Rak

Janusz Rak

McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontreal, Canada
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Rak, Janusz
  
Aug 06, 2025
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Article Category: Commentary
Published Online: Aug 06, 2025
Page range: 95 - 105
Received: Apr 15, 2025
Accepted: May 20, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2025-0012
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© 2025 Janusz Rak, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Targeting the immune-vascular interface in glioblastoma. The combined effect of blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-tumor barrier (BTB), and endothelial anergy contributes to the exclusion of immune cells (T, NK) from the brain tumor microenvironment. Overcoming this scarcity by intracranial delivery of immune cells, modulating vascular wall (para-endothelial gaps), coupled with tumor debulking (to reduce the size of the target cell population) and targeting immunosuppressive mechanisms may collectively improve outcomes of immunotherapy in glioblastoma and other brain tumors (see text)
Targeting the immune-vascular interface in glioblastoma. The combined effect of blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-tumor barrier (BTB), and endothelial anergy contributes to the exclusion of immune cells (T, NK) from the brain tumor microenvironment. Overcoming this scarcity by intracranial delivery of immune cells, modulating vascular wall (para-endothelial gaps), coupled with tumor debulking (to reduce the size of the target cell population) and targeting immunosuppressive mechanisms may collectively improve outcomes of immunotherapy in glioblastoma and other brain tumors (see text)
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
1 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, Medicine, Basic Medical Science, Immunology
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