The Factor Determining Effective Modelling of the Urban Spatial Transformation Process Based on Temporary Use

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Supplementary factors shaping the transformation process in the examined cases

	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	F6	F7	F8	F9	F10	F11	F12	F13	F14	F15	F16	F17	F18
P2	x	x	x	x		x	x		x	x		x			x	x		x
P5	x				x	x	x	x		x	x	x		x		x		x
P6	x	x		x	x	x	x		x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
P7			x			x	x	x				x	x			x	x	x

Description of the essential criteria for case selection

NO.	DESCRIPTION	JUSTIFICATION
C1	The selected case should represent a strategic approach where continuity and coherence of actions are essential, and temporary use plays a significant role. The steps should form a logical sequence and be implemented in various forms.	The criterion excludes temporary one-time interventions not part of spatial transformation strategies or transformations where temporary use plays a marginal role.
C2	Transformations should be shaped as a process consisting of elements ordered in a logical se-quence, interconnected, and coherent. The transformation goals and the vision of the intended outcomes are defined.	The criterion excludes interventions carried out as one-time actions without temporal and spatial connections to other activities.
C3	Transformations are carried out in response to existing problems, following a vision and a goal. The local conditions and the area’s potential influence how transformation management methods are determined. Although individual actions may be implemented from the bottom up, the process is controlled.	The criterion minimizes bottom-up actions contrary to the public good, reduces the risk of chaotic actions in random locations, and ensures that actions are aligned with long-term goals rather than short-term objectives.
C4	The effects of actions are monitored and analyzed to understand ongoing changes. The outcomes of individual activities serve as the basis for making further decisions. A detailed action plan is developed for the immediate timeframe, referred to as an iteration. Subsequent iterations are planned based on the analysis of previous results. The long-term goal is defined in a framework and may evolve based on the gradually achieved effects.	The criterion conditions an alternative approach to the classical planning and management of spatial transformation. It requires conducting actions flexibly and dynamically. It enables the exper-imental and prototype-based application of temporary use.
C5	Transformations are implemented through the collaboration of various stakeholder groups as a cohesive implementation that combines bottom-up and top-down actions.	The criterion minimizes the risk of actions based on individual interests prioritized over the concern for sus-tainable, inclusive, and equitable access to space.

Fragment of the classification matrix for selecting cases for further research used in the study_ P1: Granby Park, Dublin, Ireland [26]; P2: Allen and Pike Street, New York [27]; P3: Plug N Play, Copenhagen, Denmark [28]; P4: Canning Town Caravanserai, London, UK [29], P5: Carlsberg Brewery, Copenhagen, Denmark [30], P6: Tempelhofer Feld, Berlin, Germany [31, 32], P7: 100 Union Street, Southwark, London [33, 1]_ The indicated cases were selected based on the general theoretical criteria described above (C1 - C5)

CASES	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	RESULT
P1	o	o	+	o	+	o
P2	+	+	+	+	+	+
P3	o	o	+	o	+	o
P4	o	+	+	o	+	o
P5	+	+	+	+	+	+
P6	+	+	+	+	+	+
P7	+	+	+	+	+	+
P(n)	x	x	x	x	x	x