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Temperature: a driving factor for Meloidogyne floridensis migration toward different hosts

Diego A. H. S. Leitão
Diego A. H. S. Leitão
, 
Elvira M. R. Pedrosa
Elvira M. R. Pedrosa
, 
Donald W. Dickson
Donald W. Dickson
, 
Ana Karina S. Oliveira
Ana Karina S. Oliveira
 and 
Mario Monteiro Rolim
Mario Monteiro Rolim
   | Aug 12, 2021
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Published Online: Aug 12, 2021
Page range: 1 - 10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-074
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© 2021 Diego A. H. S. Leitão et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Experimental apparatus used in vertical migration assay of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis. Column consists of three 4.4-cm-d x 4-cm long rings taped together to one 2-cm long ring filled with sandy soil. Four-week-old tomato or Tagete patula plants were transplanted to 300-cm3 Styrofoam cups and taped to the upper end of the columns – cups with no plants were used as control. Freshly hatched J2 were injected through an injection hole, 1 cm above the base of the column. Arrows indicate where the 35-µm or 15-µm meshes were attached.
Experimental apparatus used in vertical migration assay of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis. Column consists of three 4.4-cm-d x 4-cm long rings taped together to one 2-cm long ring filled with sandy soil. Four-week-old tomato or Tagete patula plants were transplanted to 300-cm3 Styrofoam cups and taped to the upper end of the columns – cups with no plants were used as control. Freshly hatched J2 were injected through an injection hole, 1 cm above the base of the column. Arrows indicate where the 35-µm or 15-µm meshes were attached.

Figure 2:

Distribution of recovered second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis as a function of distance migrated and temperature at 3 (A), 6 (B), 9 (C), and 12 (D) days after injection. Nematode distribution along the column (4-cm long rings taped together) over time and at 20 and 26°C was statistically different when data were subjected to Χ 2 test (p < 0.01).
Distribution of recovered second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis as a function of distance migrated and temperature at 3 (A), 6 (B), 9 (C), and 12 (D) days after injection. Nematode distribution along the column (4-cm long rings taped together) over time and at 20 and 26°C was statistically different when data were subjected to Χ 2 test (p < 0.01).

Figure 3:

Percentage of active second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis recovered at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after injection (DAI) at 20 and 26°C from sandy soil contained in PVC columns. The columns were comprised of 4-cm long x 4.4-cm internal diameter rings. Nematode distribution over time and at both temperatures was statistically different when data were subjected to Χ 2 test (p < 0.01).
Percentage of active second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis recovered at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after injection (DAI) at 20 and 26°C from sandy soil contained in PVC columns. The columns were comprised of 4-cm long x 4.4-cm internal diameter rings. Nematode distribution over time and at both temperatures was statistically different when data were subjected to Χ 2 test (p < 0.01).

Figure 4:

Distribution of active second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis as a function of distance migrated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after injection (DAI). As there was no significant interaction with temperature, 20 and 26°C data were combined. Nematode distribution along the columns (4-cm long rings taped together) over time was statistically different when data were subjected to Χ 2 test (p < 0.01).
Distribution of active second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis as a function of distance migrated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after injection (DAI). As there was no significant interaction with temperature, 20 and 26°C data were combined. Nematode distribution along the columns (4-cm long rings taped together) over time was statistically different when data were subjected to Χ 2 test (p < 0.01).

Figure 5:

Penetration of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis on tomato or marigold over time after vertically migrating over 13 cm in sandy soil-filled PVC columns. Figures followed by the same letter do not differ according to Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p ≥ 0.05) and error bars indicate SEM.
Penetration of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis on tomato or marigold over time after vertically migrating over 13 cm in sandy soil-filled PVC columns. Figures followed by the same letter do not differ according to Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p ≥ 0.05) and error bars indicate SEM.

Repeated measures MANOVA summary of the effects of plants, distance migrated (rings), temperature and time on vertical migration of recovered and active second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis along PVC columns filled with sandy soil.

Recovered J2 Active J2
Source df SS MS F p > F SS MS F p > F
Block 3 166.05 55.35 20.22 <0.0001 167.94 55.98 22.24 <0.0001
Temperature (Temp) 1 60.22 60.22 22.00 <0.0001 79.11 79.11 31.43 <0.0001
Plant 2 6.72 3.36 1.23 0.2941 2.38 1.19 0.47 0.6248
Rings 4 966.36 241.59 88.26 <0.0001 696.60 174.15 69.18 <0.0001
Temp:Plant 2 1.42 0.71 0.26 0.7713 0.44 0.22 0.09 0.9160
Temp:Rings 4 13.32 3.33 1.22 0.3038 10.88 2.72 1.08 0.3650
Plant:Rings 8 15.04 1.88 0.69 0.7030 11.52 1.44 0.57 0.8012
Temp:Plant:Rings 8 33.20 4.15 1.52 0.1497 32.56 4.07 1.62 0.1181
Time 3 41.46 13.82 5.05 0.0019 64.92 21.64 8.60 <0.0001
Time:Temp 3 11.82 3.94 1.44 0.2308 28.26 9.42 3.74 0.0114
Time:Plant 6 18.66 3.11 1.14 0.3413 31.62 5.27 2.10 0.0532
Time:Rings 12 271.08 22.59 8.25 <0.0001 199.32 16.61 6.60 <0.0001
Time:Temp:Plant 6 17.70 2.95 1.08 0.3753 9.18 1.53 0.61 0.7235
Time:Temp:Rings 12 64.56 5.38 1.96 0.0266 39.36 3.28 1.31 0.2134
Time:Plant:Rings 24 72.00 3.00 1.10 0.3444 50.40 2.10 0.83 0.6935
Time:Temp:Plant:Rings 24 56.40 2.35 0.86 0.6606 62.40 2.60 1.03 0.4217

Repeated measures MANOVA summary of the effects of temperature and plants on penetration of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis over time.

J2 inside roots
Source df SS MS F p > F
Block 3 14.60 4.87 5.18 0.0037
Temperature (Temp) 1 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.6556
Plant 1 14.62 14.62 15.57 0.0003
Temp:Plant 1 2.26 2.26 2.41 0.1279
Time 3 27.89 9.30 9.90 <0.0001
Time:Temp 3 3.05 1.02 1.08 0.3663
Time:Plant 3 5.97 1.99 2.12 0.1111
Time:Temp:Plant 3 0.63 0.21 0.22 0.8800
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Language:
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