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Figure 1:
Experimental apparatus used in vertical migration assay of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis. Column consists of three 4.4-cm-d x 4-cm long rings taped together to one 2-cm long ring filled with sandy soil. Four-week-old tomato or Tagete patula plants were transplanted to 300-cm3 Styrofoam cups and taped to the upper end of the columns – cups with no plants were used as control. Freshly hatched J2 were injected through an injection hole, 1 cm above the base of the column. Arrows indicate where the 35-µm or 15-µm meshes were attached.
Figure 2:
Distribution of recovered second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis as a function of distance migrated and temperature at 3 (A), 6 (B), 9 (C), and 12 (D) days after injection. Nematode distribution along the column (4-cm long rings taped together) over time and at 20 and 26°C was statistically different when data were subjected to Χ
2 test (p < 0.01).
Figure 3:
Percentage of active second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis recovered at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after injection (DAI) at 20 and 26°C from sandy soil contained in PVC columns. The columns were comprised of 4-cm long x 4.4-cm internal diameter rings. Nematode distribution over time and at both temperatures was statistically different when data were subjected to Χ
2 test (p < 0.01).
Figure 4:
Distribution of active second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis as a function of distance migrated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after injection (DAI). As there was no significant interaction with temperature, 20 and 26°C data were combined. Nematode distribution along the columns (4-cm long rings taped together) over time was statistically different when data were subjected to Χ
2 test (p < 0.01).
Figure 5:
Penetration of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis on tomato or marigold over time after vertically migrating over 13 cm in sandy soil-filled PVC columns. Figures followed by the same letter do not differ according to Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p ≥ 0.05) and error bars indicate SEM.
Repeated measures MANOVA summary of the effects of plants, distance migrated (rings), temperature and time on vertical migration of recovered and active second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis along PVC columns filled with sandy soil.
Recovered J2
Active J2
Source
df
SS
MS
F
p > F
SS
MS
F
p > F
Block
3
166.05
55.35
20.22
<0.0001
167.94
55.98
22.24
<0.0001
Temperature (Temp)
1
60.22
60.22
22.00
<0.0001
79.11
79.11
31.43
<0.0001
Plant
2
6.72
3.36
1.23
0.2941
2.38
1.19
0.47
0.6248
Rings
4
966.36
241.59
88.26
<0.0001
696.60
174.15
69.18
<0.0001
Temp:Plant
2
1.42
0.71
0.26
0.7713
0.44
0.22
0.09
0.9160
Temp:Rings
4
13.32
3.33
1.22
0.3038
10.88
2.72
1.08
0.3650
Plant:Rings
8
15.04
1.88
0.69
0.7030
11.52
1.44
0.57
0.8012
Temp:Plant:Rings
8
33.20
4.15
1.52
0.1497
32.56
4.07
1.62
0.1181
Time
3
41.46
13.82
5.05
0.0019
64.92
21.64
8.60
<0.0001
Time:Temp
3
11.82
3.94
1.44
0.2308
28.26
9.42
3.74
0.0114
Time:Plant
6
18.66
3.11
1.14
0.3413
31.62
5.27
2.10
0.0532
Time:Rings
12
271.08
22.59
8.25
<0.0001
199.32
16.61
6.60
<0.0001
Time:Temp:Plant
6
17.70
2.95
1.08
0.3753
9.18
1.53
0.61
0.7235
Time:Temp:Rings
12
64.56
5.38
1.96
0.0266
39.36
3.28
1.31
0.2134
Time:Plant:Rings
24
72.00
3.00
1.10
0.3444
50.40
2.10
0.83
0.6935
Time:Temp:Plant:Rings
24
56.40
2.35
0.86
0.6606
62.40
2.60
1.03
0.4217
Repeated measures MANOVA summary of the effects of temperature and plants on penetration of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne floridensis over time.