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Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae) from South Africa, a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study, with an update to the diagnostics of the genus

Farahnaz Jahanshahi Afshar
Farahnaz Jahanshahi Afshar
, 
Milad Rashidifard
Milad Rashidifard
, 
Joaquín Abolafia
Joaquín Abolafia
, 
Miloslav Zouhar
Miloslav Zouhar
, 
Hendrika Fourie
Hendrika Fourie
 and 
Majid Pedram
Majid Pedram
   | May 21, 2021
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Published Online: May 21, 2021
Page range: 1 - 14
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-053
Keywords
© 2021 Farahnaz Jahanshahi Afshar et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Line drawings of Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp. (B, D, G, L, M: Male; A, C, E, F, H-K: Female). (A and B): Pharynx; (C and D): Anterior end; (E and F): Part of reproductive system; (G and H): Total body; (I and J): Details of the stalk at the tail tip; (K and M): Posterior body region; (L): Spicule.
Line drawings of Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp. (B, D, G, L, M: Male; A, C, E, F, H-K: Female). (A and B): Pharynx; (C and D): Anterior end; (E and F): Part of reproductive system; (G and H): Total body; (I and J): Details of the stalk at the tail tip; (K and M): Posterior body region; (L): Spicule.

Figure 2:

Light photomicrographs of Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp. (A-C, E, G-K, female; D, F, F1, F2, male). (A): Part of pharynx; (B-D): Anterior end; (E): Part of reproductive system; (G and H): Vulva; (F, I-K): Posterior body region; (F1): Spicule; (F2, I1-K1): Details of the stalk at the tail tip. (Scale bars: B-D, F1, F2, G, H, I1-K1 = 5 µm; A, E, F, I-K = 10 µm).
Light photomicrographs of Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp. (A-C, E, G-K, female; D, F, F1, F2, male). (A): Part of pharynx; (B-D): Anterior end; (E): Part of reproductive system; (G and H): Vulva; (F, I-K): Posterior body region; (F1): Spicule; (F2, I1-K1): Details of the stalk at the tail tip. (Scale bars: B-D, F1, F2, G, H, I1-K1 = 5 µm; A, E, F, I-K = 10 µm).

Figure 3:

Scanning electronic microscopy of Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp., female. (A-C): Details of anterior end; (D): Secretory-excretory pore; (E): Lateral field; (F): Vulva in ventral view; (G and H): Tail in ventro-lateral and ventral views; (I-L): Details of the stalk at the tail tip. (Scale bars = 3 µm)
Scanning electronic microscopy of Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp., female. (A-C): Details of anterior end; (D): Secretory-excretory pore; (E): Lateral field; (F): Vulva in ventral view; (G and H): Tail in ventro-lateral and ventral views; (I-L): Details of the stalk at the tail tip. (Scale bars = 3 µm)

Figure 4:

Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree of Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp. based on LSU rDNA D2-D3 sequences under GTR + I + G model. Bayesian posterior probability values more than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. The new sequences are indicated in bold.
Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree of Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp. based on LSU rDNA D2-D3 sequences under GTR + I + G model. Bayesian posterior probability values more than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. The new sequences are indicated in bold.

Figure 5:

The close-up view (pruned tree) showing the clade L in the original Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree of Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp. based on LSU rDNA D2-D3 sequences under GTR + I + G model. Data on stalk type, vulval flap status and lateral lines number for the currently sequenced species are given in right.
The close-up view (pruned tree) showing the clade L in the original Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree of Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp. based on LSU rDNA D2-D3 sequences under GTR + I + G model. Data on stalk type, vulval flap status and lateral lines number for the currently sequenced species are given in right.

Morphometric characteristics of Laimaphelenchus africanus n. sp.

Characteristics Holotype female Paratype females Paratype male
n ‒ 21 1
L (micron) 916 898 ± 67 (750–987) 696
a 48.2 42.6 ± 3.0 (37.0–48.2) 43.5
b 11.2 11.6 ± 0.6 (10.8–12.7) 10.4
b′ 4.4 4.7 ± 0.4 (4.1–5.7) 4.9
c 22.3 24.3 ± 2.3 (20.8–30.8) 17.8
c′ 3.4 3.2 ± 0.4 (2.5–3.8) 2.4
V or T % 71.2 70.0 ± 1.1 (67.1–71.9) 58.2
Cephalic region width 7 6.8 ± 0.4 (6–7) 6.5
Cephalic region height 2.5 2.8 ± 0.5 (2–4) 3
Stylet length 12.5 11.8 ± 0.6 (10.0–12.5) 12
Conus length 6 4.9 ± 0.5 (4–6) 5
m 48 41.7 ± 3.2 (34.8–50.0) 41.7
Anterior end to valves of median bulb 63 62.0 ± 4.1 (53–67) 56
MB 76.8 80.0 ± 2.5 (76.5–84.4) 83.6
Anterior end to nerve ring 100 97.0 ± 6.8 (80–106) 82
Anterior end to pharyngeal intestinal junction 82 77.0 ± 5.5 (65–85) 67
Anterior end to posterior of pharyngeal glands 206 192 ± 17.6 (150–217) 143
Overlap 124 115.7 ± 14.2 (83–141) 76
Median bulb width 15 12.0 ± 1.3 (10–15) 10.5
Median bulb length 17 16.0 ± 1.3 (13–18) 15
Diam. at median bulb 15 16.0 ± 0.9 (14–17) ‒
Max. diam. 19 21.0 ± 2.1 (16–25) 16
Median bulb length/diam. ratio 1.1 1.4 ± 0.1 (1.1–1.6) 1.4
Anterior to SE-pore 102 100 ± 7.4 (87–112) 86
Anterior end-vulva 652 628 ± 50.4 (520–700) ‒
Post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) 100 91.0 ± 14.2 (63–125) ‒
Vulva to anus distance 308 238 ± 73.4 (139–388) ‒
PUS/vulva to anus (%) 32.5 41.3 ± 11.6 (23.2–63.1) ‒
PUS/L (%) 10.9 10.2 ± 1.3 (7.6–12.7) ‒
Diam. at anus or cloaca 12 12.0 ± 1.1 (9–13) 16
Tail 41 37.0 ± 3.6 (30–44) 39
Spicules (arc) ‒ ‒ 17
Spicules (chord) 16.6
Calamus ‒ ‒ 7
Spicules width ‒ ‒ 5
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