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Enhanced entomopathogenic nematode yield and fitness via addition of pulverized insect powder to solid media

Shiyu Zhen
Shiyu Zhen
, 
Yang Li
Yang Li
, 
Yanli Hou
Yanli Hou
, 
Xinghui Gu
Xinghui Gu
, 
Limeng Zhang
Limeng Zhang
, 
Weibin Ruan
Weibin Ruan
 and 
David Shapiro-Ilan
David Shapiro-Ilan
   | Dec 03, 2018
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Published Online: Dec 03, 2018
Page range: 495 - 506
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2018-050
Keywords
© 2018 Shiyu Zhen et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Effect of insect powder and dose level on infective juveniles yield (h) in solid culture media. G: Galleria mellonella; T: Tenebrio molitor; L: Lucillia sericata; G+T:1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and T. molitor; G+L, 1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and L. sericata; T+L: 1:1 mixed powder of T. molitor and L. sericata. L, M, H: three dose levels of insect powder 1, 3, and 5% (m/m), respectively. Bars with different letters represent significantly different means (SE) at p ⩽ 0.05 among all treatments via the post hoc Duncan’s test.
Effect of insect powder and dose level on infective juveniles yield (h) in solid culture media. G: Galleria mellonella; T: Tenebrio molitor; L: Lucillia sericata; G+T:1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and T. molitor; G+L, 1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and L. sericata; T+L: 1:1 mixed powder of T. molitor and L. sericata. L, M, H: three dose levels of insect powder 1, 3, and 5% (m/m), respectively. Bars with different letters represent significantly different means (SE) at p ⩽ 0.05 among all treatments via the post hoc Duncan’s test.

Figure 2

Effect of insect powder and dose level on the time-to-death (h) of Spodoptera litura larvae in two trials. Each larva was exposed to 100 Steinernema feltiae infective juveniles. Five larvae in five wells were regarded as a replication of each treatment. G: Galleria mellonella; T: Tenebrio molitor; L: Lucillia sericata; G+T:1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and T. molitor; G+L, 1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and L. sericata; T+L: 1:1 mixed powder of T. molitor and L. sericata. : L, M, H: three dose levels of insect powder 1, 3, and 5% (m/m), respectively. Bars with different letters represent significantly different means (SE) at p ⩽ 0.05 among all treatments via the post hoc Duncan’s test.
Effect of insect powder and dose level on the time-to-death (h) of Spodoptera litura larvae in two trials. Each larva was exposed to 100 Steinernema feltiae infective juveniles. Five larvae in five wells were regarded as a replication of each treatment. G: Galleria mellonella; T: Tenebrio molitor; L: Lucillia sericata; G+T:1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and T. molitor; G+L, 1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and L. sericata; T+L: 1:1 mixed powder of T. molitor and L. sericata. : L, M, H: three dose levels of insect powder 1, 3, and 5% (m/m), respectively. Bars with different letters represent significantly different means (SE) at p ⩽ 0.05 among all treatments via the post hoc Duncan’s test.

Figure 3

Effect of insect powder and dose level on the progeny yield (h) of Spodoptera litura larvae in two trials. Each larva was exposed to 100 Steinernema feltiae infective juveniles. Five larvae in five wells were regarded as a replication of each treatment. G: Galleria mellonella; T: Tenebrio molitor; L: Lucillia sericata; G+T:1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and T. molitor; G+L, 1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and L. sericata; T+L: 1:1 mixed powder of T. molitor and L. sericata. L, M, H: three dose levels of insect powder 1, 3, and 5% (m/m), respectively. Bars with different letters represent significantly different means (SE) at p ⩽ 0.05 among all treatments via the post hoc Duncan’s test.
Effect of insect powder and dose level on the progeny yield (h) of Spodoptera litura larvae in two trials. Each larva was exposed to 100 Steinernema feltiae infective juveniles. Five larvae in five wells were regarded as a replication of each treatment. G: Galleria mellonella; T: Tenebrio molitor; L: Lucillia sericata; G+T:1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and T. molitor; G+L, 1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and L. sericata; T+L: 1:1 mixed powder of T. molitor and L. sericata. L, M, H: three dose levels of insect powder 1, 3, and 5% (m/m), respectively. Bars with different letters represent significantly different means (SE) at p ⩽ 0.05 among all treatments via the post hoc Duncan’s test.

Figure S1

Effect of insect powder and dose level on the initial emergence time of infective juveniles from Spodoptera litura larvae in two trials. Each larva was exposed to 100 Steinernema feltiae infective juveniles. Five larvae in five wells were regarded as a replication of each treatment. G: Galleria mellonella; T: Tenebrio molitor; L: Lucillia sericata; G+T:1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and T. molitor; G+L, 1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and L. sericata; T+L: 1:1 mixed powder of T. molitor and L. sericata. L, M, H: three dose levels of insect powder 1, 3, and 5% (m/m), respectively. Bars with different letters represent significantly different means (SE) at p ⩽ 0.05 among all treatments via the post hoc Duncan’s test.
Effect of insect powder and dose level on the initial emergence time of infective juveniles from Spodoptera litura larvae in two trials. Each larva was exposed to 100 Steinernema feltiae infective juveniles. Five larvae in five wells were regarded as a replication of each treatment. G: Galleria mellonella; T: Tenebrio molitor; L: Lucillia sericata; G+T:1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and T. molitor; G+L, 1:1 mixed powder of G. mellonella and L. sericata; T+L: 1:1 mixed powder of T. molitor and L. sericata. L, M, H: three dose levels of insect powder 1, 3, and 5% (m/m), respectively. Bars with different letters represent significantly different means (SE) at p ⩽ 0.05 among all treatments via the post hoc Duncan’s test.
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