Open Access

Biological characterization of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema innovationi: a South African isolate

Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela
Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela
, 
Justin Hatting
Justin Hatting
, 
Mark D. Laing
Mark D. Laing
, 
Nicolene Thiebaut
Nicolene Thiebaut
 and 
Selcuk Hazir
Selcuk Hazir
   | Dec 03, 2018
Journal of Nematology's Cover Image
About this article
Previous Article
Next Article
Cite
Published Online: Dec 03, 2018
Page range: 1 - 10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2018-049
Keywords
© 2018 Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Galleria mellonella larvae inoculated with Steinernema innovationi (50 infective juveniles (IJs)/insect) after 10 d of incubation at different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C). (A) Mean percentage mortality; (B) Number of days until death; (C) Number of IJ established in G. mellonella larvae. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.
Galleria mellonella larvae inoculated with Steinernema innovationi (50 infective juveniles (IJs)/insect) after 10 d of incubation at different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C). (A) Mean percentage mortality; (B) Number of days until death; (C) Number of IJ established in G. mellonella larvae. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.

Figure 2

Galleria mellonella inoculated with Steinernema innovationi (100 infective juveniles (IJ)/insect) and incubated to study nematode development at five different temperatures (18, 20, 22, 25, and 27°C). (A) Days until emergence; (B) Yield (number of IJ) per gram of G. mellonella. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.
Galleria mellonella inoculated with Steinernema innovationi (100 infective juveniles (IJ)/insect) and incubated to study nematode development at five different temperatures (18, 20, 22, 25, and 27°C). (A) Days until emergence; (B) Yield (number of IJ) per gram of G. mellonella. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.

Figure 3

Mean number of infective juveniles (IJs) of Steinernema innovationi established in Galleria mellonella in sand columns at different depths after 24, 48, and 72 hr post inoculation with 100 IJs on the top surface of the sand column. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.
Mean number of infective juveniles (IJs) of Steinernema innovationi established in Galleria mellonella in sand columns at different depths after 24, 48, and 72 hr post inoculation with 100 IJs on the top surface of the sand column. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.

Figure 4

Mean mortality and confirmation of nematode development in different insect hosts post inoculation with 50 or 500 infective juveniles/host of Steinernema innovationi. Mortality was corrected using Schneider-Orelli’s formula (Püntener, 1981). *7 days incubation time.
Mean mortality and confirmation of nematode development in different insect hosts post inoculation with 50 or 500 infective juveniles/host of Steinernema innovationi. Mortality was corrected using Schneider-Orelli’s formula (Püntener, 1981). *7 days incubation time.

Figure 5

Comparison of mean mortality of larvae vs pupae per insect host following infection with 50 or 500 infective juveniles/host of Steinernema innovationi. Mortality was corrected using Schneider-Orelli’s formula (Püntener, 1981).
Comparison of mean mortality of larvae vs pupae per insect host following infection with 50 or 500 infective juveniles/host of Steinernema innovationi. Mortality was corrected using Schneider-Orelli’s formula (Püntener, 1981).
eISSN:
2640-396X
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, other
Journal RSS Feed