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Biological characterization of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema innovationi: a South African isolate

Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela

Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela

ARC-Small GrainBethlehem, 9700, South Africa
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Ramakuwela, Tshimangadzo
, 
Justin Hatting

Justin Hatting

ARC-Small GrainBethlehem, 9700, South Africa
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Hatting, Justin
, 
Mark D. Laing

Mark D. Laing

School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-NatalPietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Laing, Mark D.
, 
Nicolene Thiebaut

Nicolene Thiebaut

ARC-BiometryPretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Thiebaut, Nicolene
 and 
Selcuk Hazir

Selcuk Hazir

Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Adnan Menderes University09010 Aydin –, Turkey
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Hazir, Selcuk
  
Dec 03, 2018
Biological characterization of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema innovationi: a South African isolate's Cover Image
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Published Online: Dec 03, 2018
Page range: 1 - 10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2018-049
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© 2018 Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Galleria mellonella larvae inoculated with Steinernema innovationi (50 infective juveniles (IJs)/insect) after 10 d of incubation at different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C). (A) Mean percentage mortality; (B) Number of days until death; (C) Number of IJ established in G. mellonella larvae. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.
Galleria mellonella larvae inoculated with Steinernema innovationi (50 infective juveniles (IJs)/insect) after 10 d of incubation at different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C). (A) Mean percentage mortality; (B) Number of days until death; (C) Number of IJ established in G. mellonella larvae. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.

Figure 2

Galleria mellonella inoculated with Steinernema innovationi (100 infective juveniles (IJ)/insect) and incubated to study nematode development at five different temperatures (18, 20, 22, 25, and 27°C). (A) Days until emergence; (B) Yield (number of IJ) per gram of G. mellonella. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.
Galleria mellonella inoculated with Steinernema innovationi (100 infective juveniles (IJ)/insect) and incubated to study nematode development at five different temperatures (18, 20, 22, 25, and 27°C). (A) Days until emergence; (B) Yield (number of IJ) per gram of G. mellonella. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.

Figure 3

Mean number of infective juveniles (IJs) of Steinernema innovationi established in Galleria mellonella in sand columns at different depths after 24, 48, and 72 hr post inoculation with 100 IJs on the top surface of the sand column. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.
Mean number of infective juveniles (IJs) of Steinernema innovationi established in Galleria mellonella in sand columns at different depths after 24, 48, and 72 hr post inoculation with 100 IJs on the top surface of the sand column. Standard error bars with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference.

Figure 4

Mean mortality and confirmation of nematode development in different insect hosts post inoculation with 50 or 500 infective juveniles/host of Steinernema innovationi. Mortality was corrected using Schneider-Orelli’s formula (Püntener, 1981). *7 days incubation time.
Mean mortality and confirmation of nematode development in different insect hosts post inoculation with 50 or 500 infective juveniles/host of Steinernema innovationi. Mortality was corrected using Schneider-Orelli’s formula (Püntener, 1981). *7 days incubation time.

Figure 5

Comparison of mean mortality of larvae vs pupae per insect host following infection with 50 or 500 infective juveniles/host of Steinernema innovationi. Mortality was corrected using Schneider-Orelli’s formula (Püntener, 1981).
Comparison of mean mortality of larvae vs pupae per insect host following infection with 50 or 500 infective juveniles/host of Steinernema innovationi. Mortality was corrected using Schneider-Orelli’s formula (Püntener, 1981).
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