<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>This paper is a study on the problem of sludge formation in water treatment processes. Various physical and chemical processes used in technological systems of water treatment were described and those which are the source of sludge were indicated. The chemical composition of the sludge was presented, with particular emphasis on hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants. An essential part of the work was to consider the possibilities and ways of valorizing sludge. It was determined that the type of generated sludge depends on the applied process and its pollution degree depends on the type and quality of the water taken. Most of the sludge is formed during the coagulation process of surface waters, which may be contaminated with various heavy metals. Among the possibilities and methods of sludge valorization, an interesting way to use it is in construction, as an admixture to various building materials. It is also possible to use sludge as an unconventional adsorbent or reaction catalyst in the oxidation of organic pollutants present in wastewater.</p>
</abstract>

This paper is a study on the problem of sludge formation in water treatment processes. Various physical and chemical processes used in technological systems of water treatment were described and those which are the source of sludge were indicated. The chemical composition of the sludge was presented, with particular emphasis on hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants. An essential part of the work was to consider the possibilities and ways of valorizing sludge. It was determined that the type of generated sludge depends on the applied process and its pollution degree depends on the type and quality of the water taken. Most of the sludge is formed during the coagulation process of surface waters, which may be contaminated with various heavy metals. Among the possibilities and methods of sludge valorization, an interesting way to use it is in construction, as an admixture to various building materials. It is also possible to use sludge as an unconventional adsorbent or reaction catalyst in the oxidation of organic pollutants present in wastewater.

Types and Valorization of Sludge Generated in Water Treatment Processes

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Types and Valorization of Sludge Generated in Water Treatment Processes"}

This paper is a study on the problem of sludge formation in water treatment processes. Various physical and chemical processes used in technological systems of...

Process	Waste	Contaminants
Coagulation with iron or aluminium salts	Hydrated sludges and washings with a high aluminum or iron content.	As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn
Iron removal, manganese removal	Hydrated deposits of iron and manganese oxides.	Fe, Mn, As, Cd, Cr, Pb
Decorbanization with the precipitation method	Hydrated carbonaceous deposits	As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, 226Ra
Adsorption	Used adsorbent	organic substances, As, Ca, Cr, Pb
Ion exchange	Brine	As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Se, 226Ra, F, NO₃-
Reverse osmosis	Brine	As, Cd, Cr, Se, 226Ra
Chemical oxidation, chlorine disinfection	-	THMs, chlorites, chlorates, bromates

Types and Valorization of Sludge Generated in Water Treatment Processes

Published Online: Aug 06, 2022

Page range: 115 - 121

Received: Jan 24, 2022

Accepted: Jan 28, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2022-010

Keywords
Water treatment, Sludge

© 2022 Łukasz ŻOCZEK et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Waste characteristic form processes used in water treatment [8]

Types and Valorization of Sludge Generated in Water Treatment Processes

Published Online: Aug 06, 2022

Page range: 115 - 121

Received: Jan 24, 2022

Accepted: Jan 28, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2022-010

KeywordsWater treatment, Sludge

© 2022 Łukasz ŻOCZEK et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Waste characteristic form processes used in water treatment [8]

Keywords
Water treatment, Sludge