Coagulation with iron or aluminium salts |
Hydrated sludges and washings with a high aluminum or iron content. |
As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn |
Iron removal, manganese removal |
Hydrated deposits of iron and manganese oxides. |
Fe, Mn, As, Cd, Cr, Pb |
Decorbanization with the precipitation method |
Hydrated carbonaceous deposits |
As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, 226Ra |
Adsorption |
Used adsorbent |
organic substances, As, Ca, Cr, Pb |
Ion exchange |
Brine |
As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Se, 226Ra, F, NO3- |
Reverse osmosis |
Brine |
As, Cd, Cr, Se, 226Ra |
Chemical oxidation, chlorine disinfection |
- |
THMs, chlorites, chlorates, bromates |