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Mollusk fauna associated with Cystoseira barbata (Stockhouse) C. Agardh, 1820 in the Sea of Marmara (Turkey)

Banu Bitlis
Banu Bitlis
   | Jun 03, 2019
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Article Category: Original research paper
Published Online: Jun 03, 2019
Page range: 174 - 183
Received: Jul 02, 2018
Accepted: Nov 06, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2019-0016
© 2019 Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Map of the study area
Map of the study area

Figure 2

The mean number of mollusk species (S), the mean number of individuals per m2 (N) and the mean biomass of mollusks g m–2 (B) at the sampling sites
The mean number of mollusk species (S), the mean number of individuals per m2 (N) and the mean biomass of mollusks g m–2 (B) at the sampling sites

Figure 3

Mean values of the diversity index (H') and of the evenness index (J') at the sampling sites
Mean values of the diversity index (H') and of the evenness index (J') at the sampling sites

Figure 4

Dendrogram indicating similarities and dissimilarities of the sampling sites
Dendrogram indicating similarities and dissimilarities of the sampling sites

Figure 5

Biplot of CCA performed on the total abundance of all species in samples and environmental variables (arrows): T – temperature; O – oxygen; pHi – pH; Chl a – chlorophyll a;TN – total nitrogen; P– phosphorus; Si – silicate; MTH – maximum thallus height; EB – epiphyte wet weight; AB – algal wet weight; Lc – Lepidochitona cinerea, Sa – Steromphala adansonii, Js – Jujubinus striatus, Tp – Tricolia pullus pullus, Hs – Homalopoma sanguineum, Br – Bittium reticulatum, Cs – Cerithidium submammillatum, Ac – Alvania cimex, Ad – Alvania discors, Am – Alvania mamillata, Pp – Pusillina philippi, Pr – Pusillina radiata, Rg – Rissoa guerinii, Rsi – Rissoa similis, Rsp – Rissoa splendida, Rve – Rissoa ventricosa, Rvi – Rissoa violacea, Oe – Ocenebra edwardsii, Ps – Pisania striata, Tn – Tritia neritea, Si – Spiralinella incerta, Be – Brachystomia eulimoides, Bs – Brachystomia scalaris, Mb – Modiolus barbatus, Ml – Mytilaster lineatus, Mm – Mytilaster minimus, Mg – Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mc – Musculus costulatus, Fg – Flexopecten glaber, Hr – Hiatella rugosa
Biplot of CCA performed on the total abundance of all species in samples and environmental variables (arrows): T – temperature; O – oxygen; pHi – pH; Chl a – chlorophyll a;TN – total nitrogen; P– phosphorus; Si – silicate; MTH – maximum thallus height; EB – epiphyte wet weight; AB – algal wet weight; Lc – Lepidochitona cinerea, Sa – Steromphala adansonii, Js – Jujubinus striatus, Tp – Tricolia pullus pullus, Hs – Homalopoma sanguineum, Br – Bittium reticulatum, Cs – Cerithidium submammillatum, Ac – Alvania cimex, Ad – Alvania discors, Am – Alvania mamillata, Pp – Pusillina philippi, Pr – Pusillina radiata, Rg – Rissoa guerinii, Rsi – Rissoa similis, Rsp – Rissoa splendida, Rve – Rissoa ventricosa, Rvi – Rissoa violacea, Oe – Ocenebra edwardsii, Ps – Pisania striata, Tn – Tritia neritea, Si – Spiralinella incerta, Be – Brachystomia eulimoides, Bs – Brachystomia scalaris, Mb – Modiolus barbatus, Ml – Mytilaster lineatus, Mm – Mytilaster minimus, Mg – Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mc – Musculus costulatus, Fg – Flexopecten glaber, Hr – Hiatella rugosa

Figure 6

Alvania mamillata; A – frontal view of the specimen and its protoconch (B) (h = 4.8 mm)
Alvania mamillata; A – frontal view of the specimen and its protoconch (B) (h = 4.8 mm)

Species contributing most to the species assemblages of C. barbata according to the SIMPER analysis. Bold values indicate the highest scores of species contribution in each assemblages.

Similarity Dissimilarity
Associations A B A–B A–K24 B–K24
% similarity and dissimilarity 58% 64% 53% 76% 54%
Steromphala adansonii 13 14 9 16
Tricolia pullus pullus 10
Alvania discors 16 11 11
Pusillina philippi 8
Rissoa guerinii 12 10 9
Rissoa splendida 18 23 12 23
Mytilaster lineatus 20
Mytilaster minimus 17 9 8
Mytilus galloprovincialis 13 14
Musculus costulatus 11 8 9

Results of canonical correspondence analysis. Statistically significant values (p < 0.05) are marked in bold.

Environmental variables Axis 1 Axis 2
Temperature 0.483 –0.401
Oxygen 0.413 0.237
pH –0.021 –0.053
Chlorophyll a –0.301 0.115
Total nitrogen 0.751 0.555
Phosphorus –0.501 0.208
Silicate 0.303 –0.084
Maximum thallus height 0.651 –0.203
Epiphyte wet weight –0.047 0.039
Algal wet weight –0.222 0.483
Eigenvalues 0.703 0.585
Species-environment correlations 0.999 0.994
Cumulative percentage variance of species data 29.6 54.2
Cumulative percentage variance of species-environment relation 30.8 56.3

Coordinates, sampling dates, depth range and location of the sampling sites

Sites Coordinates Date Depth (m) Localities
Latitude Longitude
1 40°01.650'N 26°19.950'E 25.09.2012 0.2 Çanakkale, Güzelyalı
2 40°17.483'N 26°36.933'E 26.09.2012 0.2 Çanakkale, Suluca
3 40°08.000'N 26°21.417'E 06.10.2012 0.2 Çanakkale, Havuzlar
5 40°23.900'N 26°52.633'E 26.09.2012 0.2 Çanakkale Şevketiye
6 40°28.083'N 27°16.250'E 26.09.2012 0.2 Karaburun
7 40°35.617'N 27°32.800'E 28.09.2012 0.5 Island of Marmara
8 40°28.050'N 27°42.583'E 27.09.2012 0.2 Erdek
9 40°36.317'N 27°40.067'E 28.09.2012 0.5 Island of Marmara
13 40°32.417'N 28°47.300'E 30.09.2012 0.5 Bozburun
14 40°39.567'N 29°09.200'E 01.10.2012 0.2 Koru
19 41°01.117'N 29°00.550'E 03.10.2012 0.5 Üsküdar
24 40°57.917'N 27°57.400'E 04.10.2012 0.5 Ereğli
25 40°51.983'N 27°27.633'E 05.10.2012 0.5 Kumbağ
26 40°36.500'N 27°05.817'E 05.10.2012 0.5 Şarköy

Pearson's correlation coefficients between the environmental variables and community parameters. Statistically significant values (p < 0.05) are marked in bold

Number of species Number of individuals | Wet weight Evenness index Diversity index
Salinity 0.45 –0.06 –0.14 0.18 0.37
Temperature 0.13 0.37 0.44 –0.53 –0.32
Oxygen 0.00 0.06 0.05 –0.33 –0.19
pHins –0.18 0.40 0.35 –0.59 –0.55
Chla 0.22 –0.20 –0.36 0.69 0.57
Total nitrogen 0.05 –0.18 0.23 –0.27 –0.03
Phosphorus –0.01 0.48 0.06 –0.31 –0.26
Silicate –0.07 –0.27 –0.20 0.44 0.16
Max. thallus height 0.15 0.20 0.44 0.32 0.20
Epiphyte wet weight 0.25 0.20 0.21 –0.07 –0.08
Algae wet weight 0.01 0.05 0.16 0.05 0.08

List of the species and total number of individuals at the study sites with their dominance (D%) and frequency values

K1 K2 K3 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K13 K14 K19 K24 K25 K26 D% F%
POLYPLACOPHORA
Lepidochitona cinerea(Linnaéus, 1767) •1 0.02 4.76
GASTROPODA
Steromphala adansonii(Payraudeau, 1826) 38 0 10 23 68 124 8 12 24 4 17 0 129 3 2.49 66.67
Jujubinus striatus(Linnaéus, 1758) – – 1 0.01 2.38
Tricolia pullus pullus(Linnaéus, 1758) 17 2 4 – – 15 – 29 12 2 1 2 149 89 1.74 45.24
Homalopoma sanguineum(Linnaéus, 1758) – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – 0.02 2.38
Bittium reticulatum(da Costa, 1778) 10 18 – – – 5 1224 1 – – – – 7 7 6.89 35.71
Cerithidium submammillatum(De Rayneval & Ponzi, 1854) – – – – – – 245 – – – – – – – 1.33 2.38
Alvania cimex (Linnaéus, 1758) 3 0.02 2.38
Alvania discors (T. Allan, 1818) 41 – 43 0.45 11.90
*Alvania mamillata Risso, 1826 – – 1 0.01 2.38
Pusillina philippi (Aradas & Maggiore, 1844) 27 4 2 – – 4 3 – – – – – – – 0.22 19.05
Pusillina radiata (Philippi, 1836) – – – – – – 41 – – – – – – – 0.22 2.38
Rissoa guerinii Récluz, 1843 54 – 7 – – – – – – – – – – – 0.33 9.52
Rissoa similis Scacchi, 1836 5 0.03 2.38
Rissoa splendida Eichwald, 1830 119 108 75 43 87 354 116 36 2648 22 14 – 835 566 27.20 85.71
Rissoa ventricosa Desmarest, 1814 2 0.01 2.38
Rissoa violacea Desmarest, 1814 0.01 2.38
Ocenebra edwardsii (Payraudeau, 1826) – 2 – 3 – 11 – – – – 1 – 0.10 16.67
Pisania striata (Gmelin, 1791) – – – 1 9 – – – – – – – – – 0.10 7.14
Tritia neritea (Linnaéus, 1758) – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – 0.01 2.38
Spiralinella incerta (Milaschewich, 1916) – – – – 1 – – – – – – – 0.01 2.38
Brachystomia eulimoides (Hanley, 1844) 6 – 0.03 4.76
Brachystomia scalaris (MacGillivray, 1843) – – – – – – 1 – – – 0.01 2.38
BIVALVIA
1 0.02 4.76
Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791) 11 22 1 10 32 8 98 1815 108 38 9 42 144 1113 18.69 71.43
Mytilaster minimus (Poli, 1795) 182 95 – 12 5 80 253 – 146 30 47 99 242 5784 37.77 69.05
Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 19 15 – 1 1 59 19 18 149 8 1 – 22 7 1.73 47.62
Musculus costulatus (Risso, 1826) 90 1 5 – – 4 – – 2 – – – – – 0.55 19.05
Flexopecten glaber (Linnaéus, 1758) 1 0.01 2.38
Hiatella rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767) – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – 0.02 4.76
*– new record for the fauna of Mollusca in the study area
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