<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_abm-2018-0007_s_006_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa"><h3>Background</h3><p>Maxillofacial injury is a common injury in trauma patients. The incidence, associated injuries and causes have been never reported for King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH).</p></sec><sec id="j_abm-2018-0007_s_007_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa"><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To report the incidence, associated injuries, age groups, treatments, and behavioral risks in maxillofacial patients who were admitted to KCMH in the past decade.</p></sec><sec id="j_abm-2018-0007_s_008_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa"><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of patients from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2015, to evaluate the age groups, causes, sites of facial bone fracture, associated injuries, treatments, and behavioral risks.</p></sec><sec id="j_abm-2018-0007_s_009_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa"><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 1,275 patients (79% male and 21% female). The most common age group was 21–30 years (30.6%), followed by 11–20 years (19.5%) and 31–40 years (18.8%). The most common cause of injury was motorcycle accident (39.7%), and the most common associated injury was head injury (58%). The total number of fractures were 1,526, with the most common fracture site being the zygomaticomaxillary complex (38.6%), followed by mandible (21.8%) and nasal bone (17.8%). Most fractures were treated using open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws.</p></sec><sec id="j_abm-2018-0007_s_010_w2aab3b7b6b1b6b1aab1c16b5Aa"><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The main cause of maxillofacial injury is motorcycle accident even though the government launched a policy named “Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020” to reduce road traffic deaths. Thailand continues to need stronger law enforcement to reduce risky motorcycle driving behavior.</p></sec></abstract>

BackgroundMaxillofacial injury is a common injury in trauma patients. The incidence, associated injuries and causes have been never reported for King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH).ObjectivesTo report the incidence, associated injuries, age groups, treatments, and behavioral risks in maxillofacial patients who were admitted to KCMH in the past decade.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of patients from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2015, to evaluate the age groups, causes, sites of facial bone fracture, associated injuries, treatments, and behavioral risks.ResultsThere were 1,275 patients (79% male and 21% female). The most common age group was 21–30 years (30.6%), followed by 11–20 years (19.5%) and 31–40 years (18.8%). The most common cause of injury was motorcycle accident (39.7%), and the most common associated injury was head injury (58%). The total number of fractures were 1,526, with the most common fracture site being the zygomaticomaxillary complex (38.6%), followed by mandible (21.8%) and nasal bone (17.8%). Most fractures were treated using open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws.ConclusionsThe main cause of maxillofacial injury is motorcycle accident even though the government launched a policy named “Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020” to reduce road traffic deaths. Thailand continues to need stronger law enforcement to reduce risky motorcycle driving behavior.

Incidence and etiology of maxillofacial trauma: a retrospective analysis of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in the past decade

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Asian Biomedicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

BackgroundMaxillofacial injury is a common injury in trauma patients. The incidence, associated injuries and causes have been never reported for King...

Le Fort fracture	Number (%)
Single fracture	91 (70%)
Le Fort I	45 (34.6%)
Le Fort II	42 (32.3%)
Le Fort III	4 (3.1%)
Combined fracture Combined fracture includes patients who have more than one fracture site	39 (30%)
Total	130 (100%)

Mandibular fractures	Number (%)
Single fracture	204 (61.5%)
Mandibular symphysis/parasymphysis	85 (25.6%)
Mandibular body only	25 (7.5%)
Mandibular angle only	46 (13.9%)
Mandibular condyle only	48 (14.5%)
Combined fracture Combined fracture includes patients who have more than one fracture site	128 (38.5%)
Mandibular symphysis/parasymphysis + body	13 (3.9%)
Mandibular symphysis/parasymphysis + angle	51 (15.4%)
Mandibular symphysis/parasymphysis + condyle	42 (12.6%)
Mandibular body + angle	5 (1.50%)
Mandibular body + condyle	7 (2.1%)
Mandibular angle + condyle	10 (3.0%)
Total	332 (100%)

Fracture	Year		Number

	2006–2010	2011–2015
ZMC	264	325	589
Maxilla	46	84	130
Nasal bone	124	148	272
Nasoorbitoethmoid	17	35	52
Mandible – total	151	181	332
Panfacial	53	98	151

Age (years)	Sex		Total

	Male	Female	Number	%
1–10	14	6	20	1.6
11–20	199	50	249	19.5
21–30	324	66	390	30.6
31–40	194	45	239	18.8
41–50	161	34	195	15.3
51–60	64	33	97	7.6
61–70	24	12	36	2.8
>70	26	23	49	3.8
Total	1006	269	1275	100

Fractures	Treatments

	Open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws	Closed reduction	Conservative	Others	Total
Zygoma	371	15	180	23	589
Mandible	259	48	18	7	332
Le Fort	108	9	5	8	130
Nasal bone	–	177	90	5	272
Nasoorbitoethmoid	35	5	10	2	52
Panfacial	126	5	–	20	151

Incidence and etiology of maxillofacial trauma: a retrospective analysis of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in the past decade

Article Category: Brief communication

Published Online: Mar 21, 2018

Page range: 353 - 358

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2018-0007

Keywords
epidemiology, etiology, incidence, maxillofacial fracture, maxillofacial injury, Thailand

© 2017 Pornthep Pungrasmi, Sahatad Haetanurak

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Specific types of maxillary fracture

Specific types of mandibular fracture

Types of maxillofacial fracture

Sex and age distribution of patients with maxillofacial fracture

Treatment of patients with maxillofacial fracture

Causes of maxillofacial fractures

Age (years)	Causes

	Motorcycle	Car	Falling	Assault	Others
1–10	3	6	6	0	5
11–20	134	10	17	62	26
21–30	184	20	32	115	39
31–40	79	15	30	75	40
41–50	67	10	26	56	36
51–60	22	13	20	23	19
61–70	10	6	4	7	9
>70	7	10	24	0	8
Total	506 (39.7%)	90 (7.1%)	159 (12.5%)	338 (26.5%)	182 (14.2%)

Incidence and etiology of maxillofacial trauma: a retrospective analysis of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in the past decade

Article Category: Brief communication

Published Online: Mar 21, 2018

Page range: 353 - 358

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2018-0007

Keywordsepidemiology, etiology, incidence, maxillofacial fracture, maxillofacial injury, Thailand

© 2017 Pornthep Pungrasmi, Sahatad Haetanurak

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Specific types of maxillary fracture

Specific types of mandibular fracture

Types of maxillofacial fracture

Sex and age distribution of patients with maxillofacial fracture

Treatment of patients with maxillofacial fracture

Causes of maxillofacial fractures

Keywords
epidemiology, etiology, incidence, maxillofacial fracture, maxillofacial injury, Thailand