<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This introduction reconstructs the arguments of the editors and contributors of a thematic cluster of the Hungarian Studies Yearbook that focuses on the possible methodological uses of the glocal both as a scale and as a methodological challenge for contemporary Hungarian studies.
</abstract>

Department of Hungarian and General Linguistics

The glocal as scale and provocation in Hungarian Studies

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In his article “Will to Language, Culture, and Power” Gábor Vaderna investigates different discourses of violence in early 19th-century Hungary. According to Norbert Elias, violence has not disappeared from modern society but the individual has transferred the institution, opportunity, and protocols of violence to the state. There are also aesthetic consequences of this process. The question is whether institutionalized violence was a tool of power to stabilize modern societies or rather it was in fact a threat to aesthetic beauty. From the analysis of a poem by the Hungarian poet, Dániel Berzsenyi (1776–1832), written in wartime, Vaderna concludes that the Central European noble classes perceived a tension between the eternal virtue and real history. The exercise of power, the possession of violence and the nation-building potential of culture were closely intertwined in their political language.
</abstract>

Will to Language, Culture, and Power. Dániel Berzsenyi and his Martial Poetry

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The discourses on 20th century Eastern European regional literatures are predominantly determined by the use of terminology and interrelationships of national and ethnic literatures, which originated in social and state organizational embeddedness. Besides, the majority–minority relation is significantly present in the discourse on these literatures, with this relation representing a – sometimes implicit, sometimes explicit – approach of colonization. If ethnic (or minority) literatures are not only examined as opposed to national (or majority) literatures, it might occur that ethnic literatures themselves often resorted to practices of colonization when describing the literary context. This paper aims at examining the processes of literary history writing of German and Hungarian literatures from Romania, and by looking at them from a transnational perspective, identifying the in-between space where the mutually oppressive spatial practices are eliminated.
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Practices of Colonization in Regional Literary Histories

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Within the paradigm of socialist realism, one of the means of introducing new models of producing literature in Romania and other neighbouring countries was the Soviet idea and practice of literary training. In the Romanian context, the Mihai Eminescu School of Literature and Literary Criticism from Bucharest was intended to produce the new, young generation of writers that would articulate the new system of values. Reports about the School show that the social origin of the students was carefully monitorized, and ethnic diversity also played a role in the process of the sovietization of the whole Romanian literary field. The personal level of experiencing the cultural and political practice of the School shows the possibilities and also the limitations of the project. The paper examines the history of the School through official party documents and also personal accounts, in order to analyze the particular strategies and also the difficulties of adapting certain Soviet institutional models within the Romanian context.
</abstract>

The Sovietization of Creative Writing in Romania. The Role of the Mihai Eminescu School of Literature and Literary Criticism (1950–1955)

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<italic>The Present Tasks of Comparative Literature</italic> (<italic>Vorläufige Aufgaben der Vergleichenden Litteratur</italic>) is the most often-cited essay of the first international journal of comparative literature, the ActaComparationis Litterarum Universarum. The article proposes a revision of the generally established explanations of this pioneering text, and traces back the microcultural genealogy of the idea of freedom and autonomy associated with the emerging modern discipline of comparative literature in the essay. In this new intellectual framework both the essay and its broad horizon are interpreted as a glocal interplay of recycled and enthrallingly reinvented transnational ideas.
</abstract>

The Glocality of the Acta Comparationis Litterarum. Local Interpretations of Educational Freedom, Coercive Innovation and Comparative Literature

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This paper demonstrates how methods of digital genealogy can be used to trace personal histories in innovative ways to uncover potentially significant details of settlement history where information in historical sources is scarce. It uses the example of a mid-18th century Roman Catholic settler and his family in Szentes, a small town on the Great Hungarian Plain, at a time when mass migration into this region was happening from overpopulated regions of the Kingdom of Hungary. Records of the settlement history of the town are meagre at best, but this important aspect of social history can be supplemented through meticulous research into the Family Search genealogy database.
</abstract>

Digital Genealogy

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The study presents loanwords and expressions referring to hues in the old Hungarian language. It relays mostly on data collected from the <italic>Historical Dictionary of Hungarian Language from Transylvania</italic> (SzT.), and it also uses data from the <italic>Hungarian Etymological Dictionary</italic> (TESz.). A number of studies have been written about the Hungarian colour terms presenting usage and distribution, yet only few of them dealt with their etymology and their historical usage. The present paper focuses on the etymology of terms denoting hues, and aims to present reasons for naming and using these loan colour terms. The study investigates whether these terms appearing in old Transylvanian texts were loanwords, loan expressions or they were simply used as a result of linguistic interference.
</abstract>

Loanwords and Expressions Denoting Hues in Old Hungarian

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The paper discusses two peculiarities of language use generally taken to be relative contact phenomena in case of Hungarian in bilingual, non-dominant context: the preference of analytical linguistic variants and non-standard plural forms. The data come from two sociolinguistic surveys conducted in Transylvania (in 1996 and 2009). The surveys were carried out with the participation of a representative sample of speakers. The 1996 survey was conducted with a quota sample (N = 216 in Romania and N = 107 in Hungary) and the 2009 sample with a representative sample (N = 4058 in Romania). The hypothesis that Romanian-dominant bilingual speakers tend to exhibit relative contact phenomena to a larger extent was supported with respect to these two issues. The results show that the occurrence of these phenomena is determined both by the language competence of the dominant language and by the regional characteristics of the bilingualism. The results confirm the possibility that the spoken-language properties under discussion are relative contact phenomena.
</abstract>

Two Relative Contact Phenomena in the Language use of Hungarians in Transylvania

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Our paper discusses the methodological implications of an ethnographic linguistic research project in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. Starting from pertinent definitions of linguistic ethnography and interpretations of the field, we offer a demonstration of the process in which this particular participatory research project was faced with the fact that the field became unavailable and inaccessible for the non-local participants. We argue that moving the research online in this case does not mean a shift to “virtual ethnography” (Hine) or “digital ethnography” (Varis), but provides an example for the research site as an emerging construct which adds to the complexities of ethnographic research.
</abstract>

Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania

Reinventing Linguistic Ethnographic Fieldwork During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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In this paper the author argues that the Christmas holidays, notwithstanding their international standing as a religious and commercial season, are most productively understood as a <italic>glocal</italic> phenomena, a concept intended to link the local with the global in a dialectics of homogenization and particularism. Juxtaposing data from Hungary and Eastern Europe, the author provides an anthropological analysis that highlights the transformative power Christmas traditions and Santa Claus have played in diverse cultural settings since the late twentieth-century. For even the imposition of communist ideology, conceived as a globalizing force, failed to eradicate images of Santa Claus; both his persona and that of his devilish imp, Krampus, survived such ruthless attempts at indoctrination with only the slightest of modifications. In view of its economic and cultural significance, this paper argues in favor of international recognition of Saint Nicholas day, December 6th, as a glocal civil holiday.
</abstract>

“DO YOU WANT TO BE KRAMPUS?” Santa Claus, globality and locality of Christmas tradition

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 5 (2023): Issue 1 (November 2023) ed. Edith KÁDÁR, István BERSZÁN, Árpád Töhötöm SZABÓ

Volume 4 (2022): Issue 1 (November 2022) ed. Emese FAZAKAS

Volume 3 (2021): Issue 1 (December 2021) eds. Attila BENŐ, Imre József BALÁZS and Árpád Töhötöm SZABÓ

Volume 2 (2020): Issue 1 (December 2020) eds. Emese FAZAKAS and Levente T. SZABÓ

Volume 1 (2019): Issue 1 (December 2019) ed. István BERSZÁN

Hungarian Studies Yearbook

The Hungarian Studies Yearbook provides an English-language forum for high-quality peer-reviewed research into the Hungarian language, literature, and culture (including ethnography, ethnology, interdisciplinary cultural studies, translation studies, comparative literature based on Hungarian sources, theatre and film studies, etc.). The journal is published by one of the most important international centres of Hungarian studies, the Cluj / Kolozsvár-based scholarly community at the Faculty of Letters of the Babeș-Bolyai University (Romania), and it is supported by a prestigious body of international scholars and peer-reviewers. The HSY acts as an open-access framework for innovative research and aims at attracting a variety of critical approaches and wide-ranging perspectives on contemporary and historical Hungary, including the reception of Hungarian literature, language, and culture in various historical, cultural, geographical and social environments, different media and translations. The HSY focuses mainly on the humanities and social sciences, but periodically also publishes thematic issues that experiment with an interdisciplinary dialogue and widen the traditional perspective of Hungarian studies.    Its publishing policy includes double-blind peer-review to filter the scientifically acceptable papers and improve the quality of the manuscripts. The Hungarian Studies Yearbook is published once per year, every October. The journal adheres to the standards of the Committee on Publication Ethics: publicationethics.org/   The journal has no article processing charges (APCs) nor article submission charges.   In the event the journal is no longer published, Hungarian Studies Yearbook will provide backup and preservation of the content through the Repository of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (https://real.mtak.hu).       Archiving   Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.   Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

Volume 2 (2020): Issue 1 (December 2020) - eds. Emese FAZAKAS and Levente T. SZABÓ