The Safety of a Vegan Diet During Pregnancy

Advantages	Disadvanteges
Lower risk of heart diseases	Iron deficiency
Lower blood pressure	Zinc deficiency
Lower cholesterol levels	Vitamin B12 deficiency
Rarely cesarean section, postpartum depression and preeclampsia	Vitamin D deficiency
Reduced risk of gestational diabetes	Omega-3 fatty acids deficiency
Reduced risk of eczema and wheezing in children	Calcium deficiency
Lower levels of glycated hemoglobin	Iodine deficiency
	Hypothyroidism

Diet model	Products excluded from the diet
Ovo-lacto-vegetarianism	• meat, fishes
Ovo-vegetarianism	• meat, fishes, milk
Lacto-vegetarianism	• meat, fishes, eggs
Veganism	• meat, fishes, eggs, milk, honey

Diet model	Approved food
Vitarianism	• unprocessed food or cooked at low temperatures
Fruitarianism	• fruits, nuts, seeds, bread, tofu
Macrobiotic diet	• grains, vegetables, legumes, fruits, dried fruits

Component	Polish recommendation [27]	WHO recommendation [13]	German recommendation [28]	The daily consumption requirement or sufficient intake* during pregnancy [26]
Iron	26–27 mg after a medically diagnosed deficiency	30–60 mg	after a medically diagnosed deficiency	27 mg
Witamin B12	-	-	-	2.6 µg*
Zinc	-	-	-	11 mg
Witamin D3	1500–2000 IU	200 IU (for pregnant women with documented vitamin D deficiency)	800 IU (in periods of low sunlight)	15 μg
DHA	min. 200 mg (1000 mg in conditions of significant deficiency)	-	200 mg (if oily sea fishes aren’t included in diet)	100–200 mg
Calcium	-	1.5–2.0 g (in populations with low dietary calcium intake)	-	1000 mg
Iodine	150–200 μg	250 μg	100–150 μg	220 μg*

Częstotliwość wydawania:: Volume Open
Dziedziny czasopisma:: Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, Medicine, Basic Medical Science, Immunology