Region of Thailand | CL | CPO | CL/CP |
---|---|---|---|
Northern | 39 | 45 | 128 |
Northeastern | 29 | 40 | 142 |
Western | - | - | 1 |
Central | 20 | 41 | 72 |
Southern | 48 | 38 | 116 |
Unidentified | 7 | 8 | 10 |
Variable | Total | CL (n = 143) | CPO (n = 172) | CL/CP (n = 469) | Control (n = 187) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Sex | |||||
Male | 500 | 67 (46.9%) | 75 (46.6%) | 262 (58.3%) | 96 |
Female | 441 | 76 (53.2%) | 86 (53.5%) | 188 (41.8%) | 91 |
chi-square test | |||||
2. Nonprescribed drug use during pregnancy | |||||
No use | 847 | 124 (87.9%) | 148 (86.1%) | 403 (87.6%) | 172 |
Use | 112 | 17 (12.1%) | 24 (14.0%) | 57 (12.4%) | 14 |
chi-square test | |||||
3. Smoking during pregnancy | |||||
No smoking | 942 | 139 (99.3%) | 169 (98.8%) | 451 (98.3%) | 183 |
Smoking | 13 | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (1.2%) | 8 (1.7%) | 2 |
chi-square test | |||||
4. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy | |||||
None | 924 | 134 (97.8%) | 167 (98.2%) | 439 (95.9%) | 184 |
More than once per week | 27 | 3 (2.2%) | 3 (1.8%) | 19 (4.2%) | 2 |
chi-square test | |||||
5. Family history of oral clefts | |||||
Positive | 158 | 26 (19.3%) | 30 (18.8%) | 98 (22.3%) | 4 |
Negative | 758 | 109 (80.7%) | 130 (81.2%) | 342 (77.7%) | 177 |
chi-square test |