Coexisting Depression and Anxiety: Classification and Treatment

World Health Organization. http://www.who.intSearch in Google Scholar

Ayuso MJL, Vazquez BJL, Dowrick Ch et al. Depressive disorders in Europe: prevalence figures from the ODIN study. British Journal of Psychiatry 2001; 179: 308-16.10.1192/bjp.179.4.308Search in Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, 2000 (DSM-IV-TR), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.Search in Google Scholar

The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva. Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1992.Search in Google Scholar

King M, Nazareth I, Levy G, et al. Prevalence of common mental disorders in general practice attendees across Europe. British Journal of Psychiatry 2008; 192: 362-367.10.1192/bjp.bp.107.039966Search in Google Scholar

Papaport MH. Prevalence, recognition and treatment of comorbid depression and anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62 (suppl 24): 6-10.Search in Google Scholar

Aartjan T.F, Beekman, Beurs E, et al. Anxiety and Depression in Later Life: Co-Occurrence and communality of risk factors. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:89-95.10.1176/ajp.157.1.89Search in Google Scholar

Campell RJ. Psychiatric dictionary. The definitive dictionary of psychiatry. Oxford. Ninth edition. 2009.Search in Google Scholar

Bernd L, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, et al. Depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care: syndrome overlap and functional impairment. General Hospital Psychiatry 2008; 30: 191-19910.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.01.001Search in Google Scholar

Muller HJ. Anxiety associated with comorbid depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63 (suppl 14): 22-26Search in Google Scholar

Andreescu C, Lenze EJ, Dew MA, et al. Effect of comorbid anxiety on treatment response and relapse risk in late-life depression: controlled study. British Journal of Psychiatry 2007; 190: 344-34910.1192/bjp.bp.106.027169Search in Google Scholar

Katon W, Eh L, Kroenke K. The association of depression and anxiety with medical symptom burden in patients with chronic medical illness. Gen Hosp Psychyiatry 2007; 29:147-5510.1016/j.genhosppsych.2006.11.005Search in Google Scholar

Barlow Dh, Allen LB, Choate ML. Toward a unified treatment for emotional disorders. Behavior Therapy 2004; 35:205-30.10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80036-4Search in Google Scholar

Mergl R, Seidscheck I, Allgaier AK, et al. Depressive, anxiety, and somatoform disorders in primary care: prevalence and recognition. Depress Anxiety 2007; 24 (3): 185-95.10.1002/da.2019216900465Search in Google Scholar

Bouček J, Pidrman V. Psychofarmaka v medicíně. Grada. Praha. 2005.Search in Google Scholar

Zimmerman M, Dermut WM, Mattia JI. Frequency of anxiety disorders in psychiatric outpatients with major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:1337-1340.10.1176/appi.ajp.157.8.133710910803Search in Google Scholar

Lydiard RB, Mintzer B. Anxious depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59 (suppl 18): 10-17.Search in Google Scholar

Rosenbaum Jf, Fava M, Nierenberg AA. The pharmacologic treatment of mood disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. Annual of Drug Therapy 1994; 1:17-50.Search in Google Scholar

Fava M, Rush J. Difference in treatment outcome in outpatients with anxious versus nonanxious depression: A Star D Report. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 342-351.10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.0611186818172020Search in Google Scholar

Nardi AE, Valença AM, Freire RC, et al. Psychopharmacotherapy of panic disorder: 8-week randomized trial with clonazepam and paroxetine. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2011; Apr 44 (4): 366-73.10.1590/S0100-879X2011000400015Search in Google Scholar

Goes FS, McCusker MM, Bienvenu OJ, et al. Co-morbid anxiety disorders in bipolar disorder and major depression: familial aggregation and clinical characteristics of co-morbid panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2011; Nov 21: 1-11.10.1017/S0033291711002637Search in Google Scholar

Jonathan RT, Davidson, MD; Edna B, et al. Comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy and placebo in generalized social phobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61:1005-1013.10.1001/archpsyc.61.10.1005Search in Google Scholar

Levitan RD, Jarrett RB, Schaffer M, et al. Treatment of atypical depression with cognitive therapy or phenelzine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 1084.10.1001/archpsyc.57.11.1084Search in Google Scholar

Rasmussen SA, Eisen JL, Pato MT. Current issues in the pharmacologic management of obsessive compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1993; 54 (suppl 6): 4-9.Search in Google Scholar

Saric RH, Ninan P, Black DW, et al. Multicenter double-blind comparison of sertraline and desipramine for concurrent obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 76-82.10.1001/archpsyc.57.1.76Search in Google Scholar

Saric RH, Clary HW. Obsessive-complusive disorder with comorbid major depression: a comparison of sertraline and desipramine treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1997; (suppl 2): 180.10.1016/S0924-977X(97)88592-6Search in Google Scholar

Davidson JRT, Kudler HS, Saunders WB, et al. Symptom and morbidity patters in World War II and Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Compr Psychiatry 1990; 31:1662-1670.10.1016/0010-440X(90)90020-SSearch in Google Scholar

Southwick SM, Yehuda R, Giller EL. Characterization of depression in war-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:179-183.Search in Google Scholar

Sanderson WC, Beck AT, Beck J. Syndrome comorbidity in patients with major depression or dysthymia: prevalence and temporal relationships. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 1025-1028.10.1176/ajp.147.8.10252375436Search in Google Scholar

Moffitt TE, Harrington HL, Caspi A, et al. Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: cumulative and sequential comorbidity in a birth cohort followed prospectively to age 32 Year. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64:651-660.10.1001/archpsyc.64.6.65117548747Search in Google Scholar

Klein E. The role of extended-release benzodiazepines in the treatment of anxiety: A risk-benefit evaluation with focus on extended-release alprazolam. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63(suppl 14): 27-33.Search in Google Scholar

Goodwin RD, Gorma JM. Psychoparmacologic treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and the risk of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:1935-1937.10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.193512411233Search in Google Scholar

Crown WH, Finkelstein S, Berndt ER, et al. The impact of treatment-resistant depression on health care utilization and costs. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63 (11): 963-71.10.4088/JCP.v63n1102Search in Google Scholar

Bazire S. Psychotropic drug directory 2012. The professionals pocket handbook and aide memoire. Lloyd-Reinhold Communication LLP, 2012.Search in Google Scholar