Using macrophytes as trophic state indicators in upland river waters: a case study of the Czarna Maleniecka River

The study was conducted on the upper reach of the Czarna Maleniecka River from Furmanów to the ford at Piekło. Nine sampling sites were selected along this 20-km section. Detailed studies of flora and the physicochemical water parameters were performed in the 2004-2006 period. Data on macrophytes were collected with the Mean Trophic Rank (MTR) method. The results of physicochemical measurements were analyzed in reference to the water quality classification of the Polish Ministry of the Environment. Based on the results of these studies, the authors recommend adding two species, Utricularia intermedia and Glyceria fluitans, to the list of bioindicators.