[
1. AASHTO. (2009) Real Transportation Solutions for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Retrieved from www.transportation1.org/RealSolutions/index.html
]Search in Google Scholar
[
2. Abolhassani, L., Afghari, A. P., & Borzadaran, H. M. (2019) Public preferences towards bicycle sharing system in developing countries: The case of mashhad, Iran, Sustainable Cities and Society, 44: 763-773. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.10.03210.1016/j.scs.2018.10.032
]Search in Google Scholar
[
3. Aditjandra, P.T., Cao, X., and Mulley, C. (2012) Understanding neighborhood design impact on travel behavior: An application of structural equations model to a British metropolitan area, Transportation Research Part A 46, 22–32.10.1016/j.tra.2011.09.001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
4. Al-Atawi, A. (2016) Sustainable travel modes in Saudi Arabia: is there a potential for formal car-sharing scheme? World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 13-1, 46-55. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1108/WJSTSD-10-2015-0052 [Accessed: April 30, 2019]10.1108/WJSTSD-10-2015-0052
]Search in Google Scholar
[
5. Aldalbahi, M., & Walker, G. (2015) Riyadh Transportation History and Dveloping Vision,. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences.10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.024
]Search in Google Scholar
[
6. Al-Fouzan, S. (2011) Reducing Car-Dependence in Ar-Riyadh City through the Integration of Land-use Planning and Transport (unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
7. Alghatani, M. and Bajwa, S. and Setunge, S. (2013) Modeling the Influence of Socioeconomic and Land-Use Factors on Mode Choice: A Comparison of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and Melbourne, Australia, International Journal of Environmental, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering 7(2), 69-81.10.12720/jtle.2.3.218-223
]Search in Google Scholar
[
8. Al-Mosaind, M. (2001) The Effect of Changes in Land Use Distribution on Travel Patterns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Evaluation of Performance of Riyadh Urban Public Transportation Services, Transportation Research Record, 10-15.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
9. American Public Transportation Association. (2007) Public Transportation: Benefits for the 21st Century. Washington, DC 20006-1215: APTA.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
10. Anderson, N. (2014) ‘‘Not just a taxi’’? For-profit ridesharing, driver strategies, and VMT, Transportation. DOI: 10.1007/s11116-014-9531-8.10.1007/s11116-014-9531-8
]Search in Google Scholar
[
11. Antipova, A. (2018) The Relationship Between Urban Environment and Travel Behavior, Urban Environment, 205-266. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-7419875
]Search in Google Scholar
[
12. Asdrubali, F. and Baldinelli, G. (2005) The role of town energy planning in reducing urban transport emissions.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
13. Balchin, A. (2013) The middle east, construction and the law. Retrieved from https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/the-middle-east-construction-and-thelaw-1/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
14. Bjerde, A. (2008) Urban Challenges in the MENA Region. The World Bank.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
15. Boarnet, M., & Crane, R. (2001) The influence of land use on travel behavior: specification and estimation strategies, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 35(9), 823-845.10.1016/S0965-8564(00)00019-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
16. Boussauw, K., Neutens, T., and Witlox, F. (2012) Relationship between spatial proximity and travel-to-work distance: The effect of the compact city, Regional Studies, 46(6), 687–706.10.1080/00343404.2010.522986
]Search in Google Scholar
[
17. Breheny, M. (1995) The compact city and transport energy consumption, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 81–101.10.2307/622726
]Search in Google Scholar
[
18. Buliung, R. N., Bui, R., and Lanyon, R. (2011) When the internet is not enough: toward an understanding of carpool services for service workers, Transportation. DOI 10.1007/s11116-011-9384-3
]Search in Google Scholar
[
19. Calthorpe, P. (1993) The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
20. Cao, X., Mokhtarian, P., and Handy, S. (2010) Neighborhood design and the accessibility of the elderly: an empirical analysis in North California, International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 4, 347–371.10.1080/15568310903145212
]Search in Google Scholar
[
21. CARB. (2010) Research on Impacts of Transportation and Land Use-Related Policies. California Air Resources Board. Retrieved from http://arb.ca.gov/cc/sb375/policies/policies.htm
]Search in Google Scholar
[
22. Cervero, R. (1993) Transit-Supportive Development in the United States: Experiences and Prospects, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
23. Cervero, R. (2002) Built Environments and Mode Choice: Toward a Normative Framework, Transportation Research Part D, 7, 265–284.10.1016/S1361-9209(01)00024-4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
24. Chaaban, F.; Kaysi, I. (2011) Transportation; arab environment: green economy, Chapter 5.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
25. Chalak, A., Al-Naghi, H., Irani, A., & Abou-Zeid, M. (2016) Commuters’ behavior towards upgraded bus services in Greater Beirut: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions, social welfare and transport policy, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 265-285.10.1016/j.tra.2016.04.001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
26. Chiariotti, F., Pielli, C., Zanella, A., & Zorzi, M. (2018) A dynamic approach to rebalancing bike-sharing systems, Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 18(2), 512. doi:10.3390/s1802051210.3390/s18020512585605229419771
]Search in Google Scholar
[
27. Cohen, N., & Robbins, P. (2011) Green cities: An A-to-Z guide. US: Sage Publications Inc.10.4135/9781412973816
]Search in Google Scholar
[
28. Comtois, C., Rodrigue, J. P., and Slack, B. (2013) The geography of transport systems (3rd edition). London; New York: Routledge. Retrieved from http://www.regscience.hu:88/record/367/files/DEMO-BOOK-2017-004.pdf [Accessed January 31, 2019]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
29. Crane, R. (1998) Travel by Design, Access Magazine, Number 12, Spring 1998. Retrieved from the Access magazine website at https://www.accessmagazine.org [Accessed April 15, 2019]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
30. Crane, R. (2000) The influence of urban form on travel: An interpretive review, Journal of Planning Literature, 15(1), 3-23. doi:10.1177/0885412002209289010.1177/08854120022092890
]Search in Google Scholar
[
31. Crane, R., & Boarnet, M. (2001) The influence of land use on travel behavior: Specification and estimation strategies, Science Direct, 35(9), 823-845. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
32. Dasgupta, D. & Nabli, M. K. (2003) Trade, Investment, and Development in the Middle East and North Africa. Mena Development Report. World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/675121468756587109/pdf/multi0page.pdf. [Accessed July 1, 2021]10.1596/0-8213-5574-0
]Search in Google Scholar
[
33. Delatte, A., Baouni, T., Belwal, R., Daou, L., Imam, R., & Zitoun, M. (2018) Understanding the needs of MENA public transport customers: culture of service and gender-responsive recommendations, TeMA. Journal of Land Use, 7-30. Doi:10.6092/1970-9870/5458
]Search in Google Scholar
[
34. DeMaio P (2009) Bike-sharing: history, impacts, models of prevision, and future, Journal of Public Transportation 12:41–56.10.5038/2375-0901.12.4.3
]Search in Google Scholar
[
35. Diab, E.; El-Geneidy, A.; Jacques, C.; Mathez, A. (2013) Sustainable urban mobility in the Middle East & North Africa. Global report on human settlements.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
36. Dill, J. (2004) Travel behavior and attitudes: New Urbanist versus traditional suburban neighborhoods. Washington, D.C.: Paper presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
37. Duany, A. (2000) Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream (1st ed.). New York: North Point Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
38. El Naggar, D. (2009). Transport in MENA. Retrieved from worldbank.org: http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website01418/WEB/0__CO-50.HTM
]Search in Google Scholar
[
39. El-Geneidy, Ahmed & Diab, Ehab & Jacques, Cynthia & Mathez, Anais. (2014) Sustainable Urban Mobility in the Middle East and North Africa. Thematic study prepared for Global Report on Human Settlements 2013.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
40. Enzelberger, S., & Kahramane, M. (2015) Big Cities - Big Challenges: Sustainable Urban Transport across Major Middle East and North African cities. Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, 3-10.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
41. Errigo, M., & Tesoriere, G. (2018) Urban travel behavior determinants in Saudi Arabia, Terna Journal of Land use, 6(1), 31-46. Doi: 10.6092/1970-9870/5449
]Search in Google Scholar
[
42. Etminani, R., & Ardeshiri, M. (2015) Modeling Travel Behavior by the Structural Relationships Between Lifestyle, Built Environment and Non-Working Trips. Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
43. European Commission (2017) Sustainable Urban Mobility: European Policy, Practice and Solutions, Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
44. Ewing, R. & Cervero, R. (2010) Travel and the Built Environment: A Meta-Analysis, Journal of the American Planning Association, 76(3), 265-294. Retrieved from www.climateplanca.org/Travel_Built_Environ.pdf10.1080/01944361003766766
]Search in Google Scholar
[
45. Ewing, R., Haliyur, P., and Page, G. W. (1994) Getting around a traditional city, a suburban PUD, and everything in-between, Transportation Research Record, 1466, 53–62.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
46. Faghih-Imani, A., Anowar, S., Miller, E. J., & Eluru, N. (2017) Hail a cab or ride a bike? A travel time comparison of taxi and bicycle-sharing systems in New York City, Transportation Research Part A, Policy and Practice, 101, 11–21.10.1016/j.tra.2017.05.006
]Search in Google Scholar
[
47. Farzaneh, R. F. (2001) Population Trends and Challenges in the Middle East and North Africa.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
48. Fathy, H. (1973) Architecture of the poor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
49. Francesco, M., & Tesoriere, G. (2018) Urban Travel Behavior Determinants in Saudi Arabia, TeMA Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment. Special Issue 2018. Urban Travel Behavior in the Middle East and North Africa, 31-46.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
50. Freudenberg, N., Galea, S., & Vlahov, D. (2005) Beyond Urban Penalty and Urban Sprawl: Back to Living Conditions as the Focus of Urban Health, Journal of Community Health, 30(1), 1-11.10.1007/s10900-004-6091-415751595
]Search in Google Scholar
[
51. Gehrke, S. (2017) Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement, PDXsccholar. Retrieved April 28, 2019, from https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3477/.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
52. Gettani, D. (2015) Achieving low-carbon urban transport in the middle East/North Africa through the high shift scenario, implications (Order No. 10035995).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
53. Gilderbloom, J.I., Riggs, W.W., and Meares, W.L. (2015) Does walkability matter? An examination of walkability’s impact on housing values, foreclosures and crime, Cities 42, 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.08.001.10.1016/j.cities.2014.08.001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
54. Guitink, P.; Holste, S.; Lebo, J. (1994) Non motorised transport: Confronting poverty through affordable mobility, transportation, water and urban development department, the worldbank, Transport No. UT-4.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
55. Hanly, M. & Dargay, J. (2003) The Impact of land use patterns on travel behaviour. ResearchGate. Retrieved April 28, 2019, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228915810_The_Impact_of_land_use_patterns_on_travel_behaviour/stats
]Search in Google Scholar
[
56. Haydamous, P. (2014) Building The Case for Sustainable Transportation in the Arab World, Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy & International Affairs, One Day regional conference, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
57. He, S. Y., & Thøgersen, J. (2017). The impact of attitudes and perceptions on travel mode choice and car ownership in a Chinese megacity: The case of Guangzhou, Research in transportation economics, 62, 57-67.10.1016/j.retrec.2017.03.004
]Search in Google Scholar
[
58. Hebel, K., Wołek, M. (2017) Change trends in the use of passenger cars on urban trips: car-pooling in Gdynia, Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport. 2017, 96, 37-47. ISSN: 0209-3324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2017.96.4.10.20858/sjsutst.2017.96.4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
59. Highway Administration, Office of Highway Information Management, Washington, DC.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
60. Holzclaw, J. (1990) Explaining urban density and transit impacts on auto use. Sacramento: California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
61. Ibrahim, M. R., and Masoumi, H. E. (2018) The nuances of the supplied urban fabric in the MENA region: Evidence from Alexandria, Egypt, Land use Policy, 73, 385-399. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.01.044.10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.01.044
]Search in Google Scholar
[
62. Institute of Transportation Engineers. (1997) Traditional neighborhood development: street design guidelines. A proposed recommended practice of the ITE. Washington, D.C.: Institute of Transportation Engineers.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
63. Javid, M. A. et al. (2017) Travelers’ attitudes toward carpooling in Lahore: motives and constraints, J. Mod. Transport. DOI: 10.1007/s40534-017-0135-910.1007/s40534-017-0135-9
]Search in Google Scholar
[
64. Kaysi, I., & Chaaban, F. (2019) Sustainable Transportation in the Arab World. International Benchmarking on Sustainable Transport Policies and Their Impacts, 1-31. Retrieved March 31, 2019, from https://scholarworks.aub.edu.lb/bitstream/handle/10938/21141/20150217_Kaysi_Chaaban_CC.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
65. Kelly-Schwartz, A. C., Stockard, J., Doyle, S., & Schlossberg, M. (2004) Is Sprawl Unhealthy? A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationship of Metropolitan Sprawl to the Health of Individuals, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 24(2), 184-196.10.1177/0739456X04267713
]Search in Google Scholar
[
66. Keulertz, M., Mulligan, M., Woertz, E., Menichetti, E., & Biscop, S. (2016) Material Factors for the MENA Region: Data Sources, Trends and Drivers, European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, 4-7.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
67. Khattak, A. J., and Rodriguez, D. (2005) Travel behavior in neo-traditional neighborhood developments: A case study in USA, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 39(6), 481–500.10.1016/j.tra.2005.02.009
]Search in Google Scholar
[
68. King, W.C., Brach, J.S., Belle, S., Killingsworth, R., Fenton, M., and Kriska, A.M. (2003) The relationship between convenience of destinations and walking levels in older women, American Journal of Health Promotion 18 (1), 74–82.10.4278/0890-1171-18.1.7413677965
]Search in Google Scholar
[
69. Korosec, K. (2018) Uber is helping Saudi Arabia drive its cultural transformation, Techcrunch. Retrieved from: https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/26/uber-is-helping-saudi-arabia-drive-its-cultural-transformation/?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000616 [Accessed April 30, 2019].
]Search in Google Scholar
[
70. Krizek, K. J., Forsyth, A., and Baum L. (2009) Walking and Cycling International Literature Review, Final Report. Dpt. of Infrastructure. Victoria Dpt. of Transport. Australia.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
71. Lamíquiz, P. J., and López-Domínguez, J. (2015) Effects of built environment on walking at the neighbourhood scale. A new role for street networks by modelling their configurational accessibility? Transportation Research Part A, 74, 148-163. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2015.02.003.10.1016/j.tra.2015.02.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
72. Laporte, G.; Meunier, F.; Calvo, R.W. (2015) Shared mobility systems, Q. J. Oper. Res. (4OR) 13: 341–360.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
73. Lathey, V., Aggarwal, R., & Guhathakurta, S. (2009) The Impact of Subregional Variations in Urban Sprawl on the Prevalence of Obesity and Related Morbidity, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 29(2), 127-141.10.1177/0739456X09348615
]Search in Google Scholar
[
74. Lee, J. S., Zegras, P. C., and Ben-Joseph, E. (2013) Safely active mobility for urban baby boomers: The role of neighborhood design, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 61, 153-166. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.008.10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.00823777888
]Search in Google Scholar
[
75. Li, F., Fisher, K., Brownson, R. C., & Bosworth, M. (2005) Multilevel modelling of built environment characteristics related to neighbourhood walking activity in older adults, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59(7), 558-564.10.1136/jech.2004.028399175708415965138
]Search in Google Scholar
[
76. Litman, T. (2010) Land Use Impacts on Transport How Land Use Factors Affect Travel Behavior. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Retrieved from http://www.vtpi.org/landtravel.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
77. Litman, T. (2018) Land Use Impacts On Travel: Current State of Knowledge. Planetizen. Retrieved from https://www.planetizen.com/node/50451.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
78. Lundqvist, L. (2003) Land-Use and Travel Behaviour. A Survey of Some Analysis and Policy Perspectives.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
79. Madbouly, M. (2009) Revisiting urban planning in the Middle East North Africa region. Regional study prepared for UN-Habitat Global Report on Human Settlements.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
80. Manaugh, K., and El Geneidy, A. (2011) Validating walkability indices: How do different households respond to the walkability of their neighborhood? Transportation research Part D: Transport and Environment, 16(4), 309-315.10.1016/j.trd.2011.01.009
]Search in Google Scholar
[
81. Masoumi, H. (2015). Transformation of Urban Form and the Effects on Travel Behavior in Iran. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.30717.97769.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
82. Masoumi, H. E. (2013) Residential Self-Selection and Its Effects on Urban Commute Travels in Iranian Cities Compared to US, UK, and Germany, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Management, Economics and Business Engineering, 7(5), 52-56.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
83. Masoumi, H. E., Gouda, A. A., Layritz, L., Stendera, P., Matta, C., Tabbakh, H., ... & Sharara, A. M. (2018) Urban Travel Behavior in Large Cities of MENA Region: Survey Results of Cairo, Istanbul, and Tehran. Discussion paper published by Center of Technology and Society, Technische Universität Berlin.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
84. Masoumi, H. E., Terzi, F., and Serag, Y. M. (2019) Neighborhood-scale urban form typologies of large metropolitan areas: Observations on Istanbul, Cairo, and Tehran, Cities, 85, 170-186. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2018.09.005.10.1016/j.cities.2018.09.005
]Search in Google Scholar
[
85. Masoumi, H. E. (2017) Urban Travel Behavior in Large Cities of MENA Region (UTB-MENA). Discussion paper published by Center of Technology and Society, Technische Universität Berlin.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
86. Masoumi, H.E. (2019) Neighborhood size in planning large cities of the Middle East and North Africa: insights to mobility and social interactions, Geo Journal, 84, 257-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-018-9859-2.10.1007/s10708-018-9859-2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
87. Matsumoto, T., & Sanchez-Serra, D. (2012) How Compact City Policies Contribute to Urban Sustainability and Green Growth? Compact City Policies: A Comparative Assessment.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
88. Michael, Y., Beard, T., Choi, D., Farquhar, S., and Carlson, N. (2006) Measuring the influence of built neighborhood environments on walking in older adults, Journal of Agingand Physical Activity, 14(3), 302–312.10.1123/japa.14.3.30217090807
]Search in Google Scholar
[
89. Moeinaddini, M., Asadi-Shekari, Z., & Zaly Shah, M. (2012) The Relationship between Urban Structure and Travel Behavior: Challenges and Practices, TeMA Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 5(3), 47-63.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
90. Nabti, J. (2004) Leveraging infrastructure: Sustainable bus rapid transit route planning in Beirut, Lebanon, Master Thesis submitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
91. Nagel, C., Carlson, N., Bosworth, M., Michael, Y. (2008) The relation between neighborhood built environment and walking activity among older adults, American Journal of Epidemiology, 168(4), 461–468.10.1093/aje/kwn158272727718567638
]Search in Google Scholar
[
92. NAHIB (2010) Climate Change, Density and Development: Better Understanding the Effects of Our Choices. National Association of Home Builders. Retrieved from www.nahb.org
]Search in Google Scholar
[
93. Neuman, M. (2005) The compact city fallacy, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 25(1), 11–26.10.1177/0739456X04270466
]Search in Google Scholar
[
94. Newman, P. W., & Kenworthy, J. R. (1989) Gasoline consumption and cities: a comparison of US cities with a global survey, Journal of the American planning association, 55(1), 24-37.10.1080/01944368908975398
]Search in Google Scholar
[
95. Niemeier, D.A., and Rutherford, G.S. (1994) Non-motorized transportation, NPTS, Travel Mode Special Reports, No. 3, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
96. Nijkamp, P., and Rienstra, S. A. (1996) Sustainable transport in a compact city. The compact city: A sustainable urban form, 190–199.10.4324/9780203362372_Sustainable_Transport_in_a_Compact_City
]Search in Google Scholar
[
97. Odero, W.; Garner, P.; Zwi, A. (1997) Road traffic injuries in developing countries: A comprehensive review of epidemiological studies, Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2(5), 445–460.10.1111/j.1365-3156.1997.tb00167.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
98. Omran, A. A. (2014) Bus Ride in Riyadh Before Saudi Capital Upgrades its Public Transport. Available: http://blogs.wsj.com/middleeast/2014/04/03/bus-ride-in-riyadh-before-saudi-capital-upgrades-its-public-transport. Last accessed 12th Jul 2015
]Search in Google Scholar
[
99. Özbil, A. & Argin, G. & Yesiltepe, D. (2014) Pedestrian Route Choice by Elementary School Students: the Role of Street Network Configuration and Pedestrian Quality Attributes in Walking to School. In: Proceedings of the workshop held at Spatial Cognition 2014, SFB/TR 8 Report No. 038-09/2014 Report Series of the Transregional Collaborative Research Center SFB/TR 8 Spatial Cognition. Universität Bremen/Universität Freiburg. 10-13.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
100. Özbil, A. (2013) Modeling Walking Behavior in Cities Based on Street Network and Land-Use Characteristics: The Case of Istanbul, Journal of Faculty of Architecture, 30(2), 17-33. Middle East Technical University, Turkey.10.4305/METU.JFA.2013.2.2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
101. Özbil, A., Argin, G. and Yesiltepe, D. (2014) Pedestrian Route Choice by Elementary School Students: The Role of Street Network Configuration and Pedestrian Quality Attributes in Walking to School, SFB/TR 8 Report No. 038-09/2014, Report Series of the Transregional Collaborative Research Center SFB/TR 8 Spatial Cognition, Universität Bremen / Universität Freiburg,10-13
]Search in Google Scholar
[
102. Patacchini, E., Zenou, Y., Henderson, J. V., & Epple, D. (2009) Urban Sprawl in Europe. Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs, 125-149.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
103. Plowden, S. (1983) Transport efficiency and the urban environment is there a conflict? Transport Reviews, 363-398.10.1080/01441648308716537
]Search in Google Scholar
[
104. Penn, A., and Turner, A. (2004) Movement-generated land-use agglomeration: simulation experiments on the drivers of fine-scale land-use patterning. Urban Des. Int. 9, 81–96.10.1057/palgrave.udi.9000120
]Search in Google Scholar
[
105. Quaium, R. (2011) Sustainable urban transportation systems. 1-49. Retrieved March 31, 2019, from https://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/unescap20_0.pdf.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
106. Rodriguez, D., and Joo, J. (2004) The Relationship between Non-Motorized Mode Choice and the Local Physical Environment, Transportation Research Part D, 9, 151–173.10.1016/j.trd.2003.11.001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
107. Sabry, A., and Talaat, H. (2015) Factors Impacting Link Travel Speed Reliability: A Case Study at Cairo, Egypt, Journal of Traffic and Logistics Engineering, 3(1), 67-71.10.12720/jtle.3.1.67-71
]Search in Google Scholar
[
108. Saidi, S., Shahbaz, M., & Akhtar, P. (2018) The long-run relationships between transport energy consumption, transport infrastructure, and economic growth in MENA countries, Transportation Research Part A, 111, 78-95. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2018.03.01310.1016/j.tra.2018.03.013
]Search in Google Scholar
[
109. Sallis, J., Frank, L., Saelens, B., and Kraft, M. (2004) Active transportation and physical activity: opportunities for collaboration on transportation and public health research, Transport Research Part A: Policy Practice, 38(4), 249–268. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856403001058
]Search in Google Scholar
[
110. Satariano, W.A., Ivey, S.L., Kurtovich, E., Kealey, M., Hubbard, A.E., Bayles, C.M., Bryant, L.L., Hunter, R.H., and Prohaska, T.R. (2010) Lower-body function, neighborhoods, and walking in an older population, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38(4), 419–428.10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.031
]Search in Google Scholar
[
111. Shbeeb, L. and Awad, W. (2013) Walkability of School Surroundings and its Impacts on Pedestrian Behavior, TeMA Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Evnvironment, 6(2), 171-188.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
112. Soltani, A. & Esmaeili-Ivaki, Y. (2011) The influence of Urban Physical Formon Trip Generation, Evidence from Metropolitan Shiraz, Iran, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(9), 1168-1174.10.17485/ijst/2011/v4i9.24
]Search in Google Scholar
[
113. Southworth, M. (2005) Designing the walkable city, Journal of Urban Planning and Development, ASCE.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2005)131:4(246)
]Search in Google Scholar
[
114. Strath, S., Isaacs, R., and Greenwald, M.J. (2007) Operationalizing environmental indicators for physical activity in older adults, Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 15(4), 412–424.10.1123/japa.15.4.412285961318048945
]Search in Google Scholar
[
115. Sturm, R., & Cohen, A. D. (2004) Suburban sprawl and physical and mental health. Public Health, 118(7), 488-496.10.1016/j.puhe.2004.02.00715351221
]Search in Google Scholar
[
116. Tesoriere, G., & Errigo, M. (2018) Urban Travel Behavior in Saudi Arabia, TeMA Journal of Landuse, Mobility, and Environment, 31-46.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
117. The Daily Star, Beirut. (2016) New app offers carpooling for students. The Daily Star (Beirut, Lebanon).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
118. TradeArabia (2015) Non-Motorized transport urged for city development; Manama, Syndigate, MediaInc.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
119. Travisi, C. M., Camagni, R., & Nijikamp, P. (2010) Impacts of urban sprawl and commuting: a modelling study for Italy, Journal of Transport Geography.10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.08.008
]Search in Google Scholar
[
120. TRB. (2009) Driving and the Built Environment: The Effects of Compact Development on Motorized Travel, Energy Use, and CO2 Emissions. Special Report 298, Transportation Research Board. Retrieved from http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr298.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
121. ULI. (2010) Land Use and Driving: The Role Compact Development Can Play in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Urban Land Institute. Retrieved from www.uli.org/ResearchAndPublications/PolicyPracticePriorityAreas/Infrastructure.aspx
]Search in Google Scholar
[
122. UNECE (2015) Sustainable Urban Mobility and Public Transport in UNECE capitals, Transport, trends and economics series, WP. 5, New York.10.18356/89289768-en
]Search in Google Scholar
[
123. UNEP (2017) Non-Motorized Transport: Sustainable Strategy for achieving the sustainable development goals, UN Environment, Transport Unit.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
124. UNFCCC; CNCT (2010) Promotion of non-motorized transport; connecting countries to climate technology solutions, retrieved from: www.ctc-n.org
]Search in Google Scholar
[
125. USDOT (2010) Transportation’s Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Report to Congress. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved from http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/32000/32700/32779/DOT_Climate_Change_Report_-_April_2010_-_Volume_1_and_2.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
126. Vojnovic, I. et al. (2013) The burderns of place: a socio-economic and ethnic/racil exploration into urban form, accessibility and travel behavior in the Lansing capital region, Journal of Urban Design, 18(1), 1-35. Doi: 10.1080/13574809.2012,683403.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
127. World Health Organization (2009) Global Status Report on Road Safety: Time for Action, WHO, Geneva
]Search in Google Scholar
[
128. WRI. (2012) Climate analysis indicators tool. World Resources Institute.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
129. Yamoury, N. (2010, September) Transport in MENA. Retrieved April 1, 2019, from http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website01418/WEB/0__CO-50.HTM
]Search in Google Scholar
[
130. Zhao, Z., & Kaestner, R. (2010) Effects of urban sprawl on obesity, Journal of Health Economics, 29(6), 779-787.10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.07.00620832131
]Search in Google Scholar
