Development and validation of questionnaires on professional drivers’ knowledge and attitudes about various medications’ influence on driving ability
, oraz | 03 sty 2022
O artykule
Article Category: Original scientific article
Data publikacji: 03 sty 2022
Zakres stron: 32 - 39
Otrzymano: 17 maj 2021
Przyjęty: 19 lis 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2022-0006
Słowa kluczowe
© 2022 National Institute of Public Health, Slovenia, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
The items of both questionnaires.
| Questionnaire for assessing professional drivers’ knowledge about influence of medications on driving abilities – QPDK-IMDA |
|---|
| 1. The driving of a motor vehicle in traffic on the road under the influence of alcohol and/or psychoactive substances is considered a violation according to the Act about road traffic safety |
| 2. Medications may influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 3. Some medications strongly influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 4. Alcohol influences psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 5. Narcotic drugs strongly influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 6. Medications used in the treatment of insomnia and anxiety can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 7. Medications used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases (depression, psychosis, etc.) can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 8. Medications used in the treatment of neurological diseases (epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease ...) can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 9. Medications used in the treatment of severe pain can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 10. Medications used in the treatment of allergies, flu, and colds can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 11. Medications used in the treatment of infectious diseases (antibiotics, antimycotics, antivirals) can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 12. Medications used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac insufficiency...) can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 13. Medications used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 14. Medications that are dispensed without a medical prescription can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 15. Herbal remedies can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 16. Dietary supplements can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 17. Medications that influence eyesight can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 18. Medications that influence hearing can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 19. Medications that cause drowsiness, dizziness, and mood swings can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 20. Medications that reduce the power of observation, the power of reasoning, and the rate of reaction can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 21. Medications whose packaging is marked with the symbol Δ should not be used before driving motor vehicles and machinery, because they can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 22. Medications whose packaging is marked with the symbol ▲ should not be used before driving motor vehicles and machinery, because they can strongly influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 23. Medications whose packaging is marked with the symbol § should not be used before driving motor vehicles and machinery, because they can strongly influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines |
| 24. Medications that may adversely influence the psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines should be marked with clearer and more understandable symbols on their outer packaging |
| 25. For medications that may adversely influence the psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines, such information must be in the patient’s informational leaflet |
| 26. Medications that are dispensed without a medical prescription, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements that may influence the psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines should be adequately labeled, by warning symbols, as medications with a prescription regimen |
| 27. For further information about certain medications’ influence on psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines, or in the event of using a large number of drugs, it is necessary to contact a pharmacist and/or physician |
| 28. During dispensing/selling medications, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements that influence psychophysical abilities, it is necessary to give each patient additional information about effects on the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines |
| 29. During dispensing/selling medications, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements that influence psychophysical abilities, it is necessary to give each patient an educational leaflet about effects on the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines |
| 30. It is necessary to periodically conduct educational campaigns in print and electronic media, in cooperation with pharmacies, health institutions, and state institutions, in order to raise awareness and improve drivers’ knowledge about the influence of medications, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements on psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines |
| 31. Never operate a motor vehicle or machine under the influence of alcohol, narcotic drugs, or medications that influence the psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines |
| 32. Before using any medicinal product, herbal remedy, and/or dietary supplement, be sure to read the instructions for use, where information about the influence on psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines is located |
| 33. If drowsiness, dizziness, vision, or hearing impairment occur when driving a motor vehicle or machines, immediately stop driving |
| 34. No matter how necessary it may seem, motor vehicles or machines should not be driven if the driver feels tired, has a high temperature, feels severe pain, or is under psychological stress |
| 35. If the driver notices that some of the medications influence their psychophysical abilities and ability to drive motor vehicles and machines, do not try to alleviate these symptoms using energy drinks and/ or alcoholic beverages, because such a combination may exacerbate the symptoms |
Reliability and internal consistency testing.
| Cronbach’s Alpha | Intraclass Correlation Coefficient | Cronbach’s Alpha Split half |
Cronbach’s Alpha Split half |
Spearman– Brown Coefficient | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1 | Part 2 | |||||
| QDK-IMDA | First survey | 0.984 | 0.636 | 0.972 | 0.973 | 0.939 |
| Second survey | 0.985 | 0.646 | 0.973 | 0.973 | 0.942 | |
| Third survey | 0.975 | 0.525 | 0.942 | 0.974 | 0.935 | |
| QDA-IMDA | First survey | 0.944 | 0.679 | 0.956 | 0.811 | 0.940 |
| Second survey | 0.947 | 0.692 | 0.957 | 0.823 | 0.946 | |
| Third survey | 0.949 | 0.700 | 0.960 | 0.823 | 0.950 | |