Risk Factors for Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Hospital Infection in the Intensive Care Unit

1. Patel G, Huprikar S, Factor SH, Jenkins SG, Calfee DP. Outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and the impact of antimicrobial and adjunctive therapies. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:1099-106.10.1086/592412Search in Google Scholar

2. Munoz-Price LS, Quinn JP. The spread of Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemases: a tale of strains, plasmids, and transposons. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1739–41.10.1086/648078Search in Google Scholar

3. Chitnis AS, Caruthers PS, Rao AK, Lamb J, Lurvey R, Beau De Rochars V et al. Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae at a long-term acute care hospital: sustained reductions in transmission through active surveillance and targeted interventions. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012;33:984-92.10.1086/667738Search in Google Scholar

4. Falagas ME, Tansarli GS, Karageorgopoulos DE, Vardakas KZ. Deaths Attributable to Carbapenem- Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014; 20: 1170-5.10.3201/eid2007.121004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5. Kofteridis DP, Valachis A, Dimopoulou D, Maraki S, Christidou A, Mantadakis E et al. Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection/colonization: a case-case-control study. J Infect Chemother. 2014;20:293-7.10.1016/j.jiac.2013.11.00724703709Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6. Hussein K, Raz-Pasteur A, Finkelstein R, Neuberger A, Shachor-Meyouhas Y, Oren I et al. Impact of carbapenem resistance on the outcome of patients’ hospital-acquired bacteraemia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Hosp Infect. 2013;83:307–13.10.1016/j.jhin.2012.10.012Search in Google Scholar

7. Correa L, Martino MD, Siqueira I, Pasternak J, Gales AC, Silva CV et al. A hospital-based matched case-control study to identify clinical outcome and risk factors associated with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:80.10.1186/1471-2334-13-8023398691Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8. Ulu AC, Kurtaran B, Inal AS, Kömür S, Kibar F, Çiçekdemir HYet al. Risk Factors of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection: A Serious Threat in ICUs. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2015; 21: 219-24.10.12659/MSM.892516Search in Google Scholar

9. Kiska DL, Gilligan PH. Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, et al. (editors). Manual of clinical microbiology. Washington [DC]: American Society for Microbiology; 1995. p. 517-25.Search in Google Scholar

10. CLSI: Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Wayne, PA, USA. 2010.Search in Google Scholar

11. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:268–81.10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections. Am J Infect Control 1988;16:128-40.10.1016/0196-6553(88)90053-3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13. Nordmann P, Cuzon G, Naas T. The real threat of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing bacteria. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9(4):228-36.10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70054-4Search in Google Scholar

14. Wu D, Cai J, Liu J. Risk factors for the acquisition of nosocomial infection with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. South Med J. 2011;104:106-10.10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318206063d21258230Search in Google Scholar

15. Samra Z, Ofir O, Lishtzinsky Y, Madar-Shapiro L, Bishara J. Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC-3 in a tertiary medical centre in Israel. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007;30:525-9.10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.02417931835Search in Google Scholar

16. Borer A, Saidel-Odes L, Eskira S, Nativ R, Riesenberg K, Livshiz-Riven I et al. Risk factors for developing clinical infection with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospital patients initially only colonized with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Am J Infect Control. 2012;40:421-25.10.1016/j.ajic.2011.05.02221906844Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. Orsi GB, García-Fernández A, Giordano A, Venditti C, Bencardino A, Gianfreda R et al. Risk factors and clinical significance of ertapenem-resistant Klebsi-ella pneumoniae in hospitalised patients. J Hosp Infect. 2011;78:54-8.10.1016/j.jhin.2011.01.01421450365Search in Google Scholar

18. Hu Y, Ping Y, Li L, Xu H, Yan X, Dai H. A retrospective study of risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsi-ella pneumoniae acquisition among ICU patients. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2016;10:208-13.10.3855/jidc.669727031451Search in Google Scholar

19. Schwaber MJ, Klarfeld-Lidji S, Navon-Venezia S, Schwartz D, Leavitt A, Carmeli Y. Predictors of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae acquisition among hospitalized adults and effect of acquisition on mortality. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:1028-33.10.1128/AAC.01020-07225852718086836Search in Google Scholar

20. Nathisuwan S, Burgess DS, Lewis JS. Extended-Spectrum -Lactamases: Epidemiology, Detection and Treatment. Pharmacother. 2001;(8):920-8.10.1592/phco.21.11.920.3452911718498Search in Google Scholar

21. Vardakas KZ, Matthaiou DK, Falagas ME, Antypa E, Koteli A, Antoniadou E. Characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in the intensive care unit. J Infect. 2015;70:592-9.10.1016/j.jinf.2014.11.00325447713Search in Google Scholar

22. Young LS, Sabel AL, Price CS. Epidemiologic, clinical, and economic evaluation of an outbreak of clonal multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in a surgical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:1247-54.10.1086/52166017926275Search in Google Scholar

23. Hudson C, Bent Z, Meagher R, Williams K. Resistance Determinants and Mobile Genetic Elements of an NDM-1-Encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain. PLOS ONE. 2014;9:e99209.10.1371/journal.pone.0099209404824624905728Search in Google Scholar

24. Bratu S, Brooks S, Burney S, Kochar S, Gupta J, Land-man D et al. Detection and spread of Escherichia coli possessing the plasmid-borne carbapenemase KPC-2 in Brooklyn, New York. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:972-5.10.1086/51237017342651Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. Spellberg B, Guidos R, Gilbert D, Bradley J, Boucher HW, Scheld WM et al. The epidemic of antibiotic-resistant infections: a call to action for the medical community from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:155-64.10.1086/52489118171244Open DOISearch in Google Scholar