Toxocariasis in urban environment of western Slovakia

[1] Abe, N., Yasukawa, A. (1997): Prevalence of Toxocara spp. eggs in sandpits of parks in Osaka city, Japan, with notes on the prevention of egg contamination by fence construction. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 59: 79–80 http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.59.7910.1292/jvms.59.799035086Search in Google Scholar

[2] Alderete, J. M. S., Jacob, C. M. A., Pastorino, A. C., Elefant, G. R., Castro, A. P. M., Fomin, A. B. F., Chieffi, P. P. (2003): Prevalence of Toxocara infection in school children from the Butanta region, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz., 98: 593–597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276200300050000210.1590/S0074-02762003000500002Search in Google Scholar

[3] Antalíková, J. (1995): The occurrence of certain helminths of dogs and cats in Bratislava and Western Region of Slovakia for the period from 1973 to 1994. Thesis, Slovakia, Bratislava: Faculty of natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava Search in Google Scholar

[4] Antolova, D., Reiterova, K., Miterpakova, M., Stanko, M., Dubinsky, P. (2004): Circulation of Toxocara spp. in suburban and rural ecosystems in the Slovak Republic. Vet. Parasitol., 126: 317–324. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.08.005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.08.00510.1016/j.vetpar.2004.08.00515567594Search in Google Scholar

[5] Borecka A., Gawor J. (2008): Modification of gDNA extraction from soil for PCR designed for the routine examination of soil samples contaminated with Toxocara spp. eggs. J. Helminthol., 82: 119–122. DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X07877522 10.1017/S0022149X0787752218053302Search in Google Scholar

[6] Borkovcová, M. (2003): Prevalence of intestinal parasites of dogs in rural areas of South Moravia (Czech Republic). Helminthologia, 40: 141–146 Search in Google Scholar

[7] Claerebout, E., Casaert, S., Dalemans, A. C., De Wilde, N., Lavecke, B., Vercruysse, J., Geurden, T. (2009): Giardia and other intestinal parasites in different dog populations in Nothern Belgium. Vet. Parasitol., 161: 41–46 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.11.02410.1016/j.vetpar.2008.11.02419155136Search in Google Scholar

[8] Coelho, L. M. (2004): Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in schoolchildren of Sorocaba, Brazil. Mem. I. Oswaldo Cruz., 99: 553–557 Search in Google Scholar

[9] Červová, H. (1986): The method of laboratory testing of soil and sand. Acta. Hyg. Epid. Microbiol., 1: 12–15 [In Czech] Search in Google Scholar

[10] Deutz, A., Fuchs, K., Auer, H., Kerbl, U., Aspöck, H., Köfer, J. (2005): Toxocara-infestations in Austria: a study on the risk of infection of farmers, slaughterhouse staff, hunters and veterinarians. Parasitol. Res., 97: 390–394 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-005-1469-510.1007/s00436-005-1469-516151740Search in Google Scholar

[11] Dubná, S., Langrová, I., Vadlejch, J., Pekar, S., Nápravnik, J., Fechtner, J. (2007): Contamination of soil with Toxocara eggs in urban (Prague) and rural areas in the Czech. Republic. Vet. Parasitol., 144: 81–86 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.02310.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.02317049747Search in Google Scholar

[12] Duwel, D. (1984): The Prevalence of Toxocara eggs in the sand in childrens playgrounds in Frankfurt. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 78: 633–636 Search in Google Scholar

[13] Eberhard, M. L., Alfano, E. (1998): Adult Toxocara cati infections in US children: Report of four cases. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 59: 404–406 Search in Google Scholar

[14] Fan, C. K., Hung, C. C., Du, W. Y., Liao, C W., Su, K. E. (2004): Seroepidemiology of Toxocara canis infection among mountain aboriginal schoolchildren living in contaminated districts in eastern Taiwan. Trop. Med. Int. Health., 9: 1312–1318 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01332.x10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01332.x15598263Search in Google Scholar

[15] Havasiová, K., Dubinský, P., Štefančíková, A. (1993): A seroepidemiological study of human Toxocara infection in the Slovak Republic. J. Helminthol., 67: 291–296 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X0001329810.1017/S0022149X000132988132974Search in Google Scholar

[16] Himonas, C., Antoniadou-Sotiriadou, K., Frydas, S. (1992): Research survey on the prevalence of Toxocara ova in the soil of public parks in Thessaloniki. Helliniki-Tatriki, 58: 333–339 Search in Google Scholar

[17] Jalili, N. A., Holková, R., Valent, M., Degma, P., Červeň, D. (1997): Detection of Toxocara IgG antibodies in human sera by ELISA for the years 1994–1996. In: Abstracts of Current Problems of Human Parasitology. Slovak Society for Parasitology, Parasitological Institute Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava, June 13, 1997. Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, SR, 1997, pp. 20–21. [In Slovak] Search in Google Scholar

[18] Juriš, P., Plachý, P., Dubinský, P. (1991): Hygienic problems of dog breeding in urban habitats, with a focus on Toxocara spp. In Ecology and veterinary medicine, pp. 24 Search in Google Scholar

[19] Kaplan, M., Kalkan, A., Hosoglu, S., Kuk, S., Ozden, M., Demirdag, K., Ozdarendeli, A. (2004): The frequency of Toxocara infection in mental retarded children. Mem. I. Oswaldo Cruz., 99: 121–125 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276200400020000110.1590/S0074-02762004000200001Search in Google Scholar

[20] Kinčeková, J., Reiterová, K., Dubinský, P. (1999): Larval toxocariasis and its clinical manifestation in childhood in the Slovak Republic. J. Helminthol., 73: 323–328 Search in Google Scholar

[21] Kmety, E., Bakoss, P., Bazovská, S., Guryčová, D., Straka, Š., Badalík, L., Junas, J., Príkazský, V., Hlaváčková, L. (1983): Epidemiology. Textbook Faculty of Medicine. Osveta, Bratislava, Slovakia, 185 pp. [In Slovak] Search in Google Scholar

[22] Komžíková, A. (1997): Intestinal parasites of canine and feline carnivores in region of Nitra. Thesis, Slovakia, Bratislava: Faculty of natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia, 56 pp. [In Slovak] Search in Google Scholar

[23] Ljungström, I., Van Knapen, F. (1989): An epidemiological and serological study of Toxocara infection in Sweden. Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 21: 87–93 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0036554890903568510.3109/003655489090356852727630Search in Google Scholar

[24] Luty, T. (2001): Prevalence of species of Toxocara in dogs, cats and red foxes from the Poznan region, Poland. J. Helminth., 75: 153–156 Search in Google Scholar

[25] Macuhova, K., Kumagai, T., Akao, N., Ohta, N. (2010): Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection and discrimination of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati eggs directly from sand samples. J. Parasitol., 96: 1224–1227 http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-2394.110.1645/GE-2394.121158640Search in Google Scholar

[26] Matsuo, J., Nakashio, S. (2005): Prevalence of fecal contamination in sandpits in public parks in Sapporo City, Japan. Vet. Parasitol., 128: 115–119 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.00810.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.00815725540Search in Google Scholar

[27] Mirdha, B. R., Khokar, S. K. (2002): Ocular toxocariasis in a north Indian population. J. Trop. Pediatr., 48: 328–330 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/48.6.32810.1093/tropej/48.6.32812521272Search in Google Scholar

[28] Mizgajska-Wiktor, H., Uga, S. (2006): Exposure and Environmental Contamination. In: Holland, C. V., and Smith, H. V. (Eds) Toxocara: the enigmatic parasite. Oxfordshire, CABI Publishing, pp. 211–227 10.1079/9781845930264.0211Search in Google Scholar

[29] Morimatsu, Y., Akao, N., Akiyoshi, H., Kawazu, T., Okabe, Y., Aizawa, H. (2006): Case reports: A familial case of visceral larva migrans after ingestion of raw chicken livers: Appearance of specific antibody in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the patients. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 75: 303–306 Search in Google Scholar

[30] Mundhenke, H., Daugschies, A. (1999): Studies on the prevalence of endoparasites in cats in Hannover and surroundings. Wien. Tierarztl. Monat., 86: 43–48 Search in Google Scholar

[31] Naoyuki, I., Kazutaka, K., Yasutomo, H., Fumio, H., Seiichi, H. (2009): Prevalence of Giardia intestinalis and other zoonotic intestinal parasites in private household dogs of the hachinone area in aomori prefecture, japan in 1997, 2002 and 2007. J. Vet. Sci., 10: 305–308 http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2009.10.4.30510.4142/jvs.2009.10.4.305280726619934595Search in Google Scholar

[32] Ondriska, F. (1997): Seroepidemiological survey of larval toxocariasis in some regions of Slovakia. In: Abstracts of Current Problems of Human Parasitology. Slovak Society for Parasitology, Parasitological Institute Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava, June 13, 1997. Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, SR, 1997, pp. 32. [In Slovak] Search in Google Scholar

[33] Overgaauv, P. A. M., Van Zutphten, L., Hoeck, D., Yaya, F. O., Roelfsema, J., Pinelli, E., Van Knapen, F., Kortebeek, L. M. (2009): Zoonotic parasites in fecal samples and fur from dogs and cats in the Netherlands. Vet. Parasitol., 163:115–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.04410.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.04419398275Search in Google Scholar

[34] Pavlinová, J., Kinčeková, J., Ostró, A., Saksun, L., Vasilková, Z., Königová, A. (2011): Parasitic infection and pregnancy complications. Helminthologia, 48: 8–12. DOI: 10.2478/s11687-011-0002-x http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-011-0002-x10.2478/s11687-011-0002-xSearch in Google Scholar

[35] Pegg, E. L. (1971): Infection of dogs with Toxocara canis carried by flies. Parasitology, 62: 409–414 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003118200007756810.1017/S00311820000775685091367Search in Google Scholar

[36] Pivetti-Pezzi, P. (2009): Ocular toxocariasis. Int. J. Med. Sci., 6: 129–130. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6.129 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijms.6.12910.7150/ijms.6.129265948519319231Search in Google Scholar

[37] Preiss, U. (1982): Die Toxocariasis im Kindesalter. Larva migrans visceralis-Syndrom. Monatschr. Kinderheit., 130:99–104 Search in Google Scholar

[38] Reiterová, K., Kinčeková., Tomašovičová, O., Dubinský, P. (2001): Manifestation of maternal immunity and offspring by larval toxocariasis. In: Holková, Ondriska, F., Klobušický, M. (Eds) Current problems of human parasitology and clinical day of problems of diagnosis and therapy of toxoplasmosis. Slovak Society for Parasitology, Parasitological Institute Faculty of Medicine Comenius University, November 11, 2001. Bratislava, SR: Comenius University, Bratislava, SR, 2003, pp. 9–12. [In Slovak] Search in Google Scholar

[39] Reiterová, K., Kinčeková, J., Halásová, D., Miterpaková, M. (2003): Epidemiology and epizootology of toxocariasis. In Holková, R., Totková, A., Klobušický, M. (Eds) X. Actual problems of Human Parasitology. Slovak Society for Parasitology, Parasitological Institute Faculty of Medicine Comenius University, December 2, 2003. Bratislava, SR: Comenius University, Bratislava, SR,2003, pp 14–17 [In Slovak] Search in Google Scholar

[40] Sadjjadi, S. M., Oryan, A., Jalai, A. R., Mehrabani, D. (2001): Prevalence and intensity of infestation with Toxocara cati in stray cats in Shiraz, Iran. Vet. Arhiv., 71: 149–157 Search in Google Scholar

[41] Safar, E. H., Azab, M. E., Khalil, H. M., Bebars, M. A., Elhady, H., Khattab, H. M. (1990): Immunodiagnostics of Toxocara canis in suspected ocular and visceral manifestations. Folia Parasit., 37: 249–254 Search in Google Scholar

[42] de Savigny, D. H., Voller, A., Woodruff, A. W. (1979): Toxocariasis: serological diagnosis by enzyme immunoassay. J. Clin. Path., 32: 284–288 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.32.3.28410.1136/jcp.32.3.2841145636372253Search in Google Scholar

[43] Stensvold, Ch, R., Skov, J., Møller, L. N., Jensen, P. M., Kapel, Ch. M. O., Petersen, E., Nielsen, H. V. (2009). Seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in Denmark. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 16(9): 1372–1373 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00234-0910.1128/CVI.00234-09274502019641098Search in Google Scholar

[44] Šoilev, Ch., Šeleva, R., Todorov, T., Vutova, K.(1984): Zur Verbreitung von Toxocara canis bei Welpen in der Bulgarien. Angew.Parasitol., 25: 93–96 Search in Google Scholar

[45] Talvik, H., Moks, E., Mägi, E., Järvis, T., Miller, I. (2006): Distribution of Toxocara infection in the environment and in definitive and paratenic hosts in Estonia. Acta Vet. Hung., 54: 399–406 http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AVet.54.2006.3.1010.1556/avet.54.2006.3.1017020143Search in Google Scholar

[46] Tolarová, V., et al. (1989): Recomended methods of laboratory diagnosis of tropical parasites. Acta Hyg. Microbiol., Appendix 12., pp. 13 Search in Google Scholar

[47] Totková, A., Klobušický, M., Holková, R., Friedová, L. (2006): Current prevalence of toxocariasis and other intestinal parasitoses among dogs in Bratislava. Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol., 55: 17–22 [In Slovak] Search in Google Scholar

[48] Uga, S. (1993): Prevalence of Toxocara eggs and number of fecal deposits from dogs and cats in sandpits of public parks in Japan. J. Helminthol., 67: 78–82 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X0001289X10.1017/S0022149X0001289XSearch in Google Scholar

[49] Uga, S., Kataoka, N. (1995): Measures to control Toxocara egg contamination in sandpits of public parks. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 52: 21–24 Search in Google Scholar

[50] Uhlíková M., Hübner, J. (1983): Larval toxocariasis. Avicenum, Praha, CR., 170 pp. Search in Google Scholar

[51] Verallo, O., Fragiotta, S., Verboschi, F., Vingolo, E. M. (2012): Diagnostic Aspects and Retinal Imaging in Ocular Toxocariasis: A Case Report from Italy. Case Reports in Medicine 2012, Article ID 984512, pp. 3, http://www.hindawi.com/journals/crim/2012/984512/. DOI:10.1155/2012/984512 10.1155/2012/984512332416722548084Search in Google Scholar

[52] Wiśniewska-Ligier, M., Woźniakowska-Gesicka, T., Sobolewska-Dryjańska, J., Markiewicz-Jóźwiak, A., Wieczorek, M. (2012): Analysis of the course and treatment of toxocariasis in children a long -term observation. Parasitol. Res., 110: 2363–2371 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2772-y10.1007/s00436-011-2772-y336272622205349Search in Google Scholar