A Correlative Study of Vitamin D Receptor Variants Fok1, Apa1, Bsm1, and Taq1 Polymorphism and Vitamin D Deficiency with Higher Risk Ratio of Coronary Artery Disease in Female Population

No studies are available on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene in association with coronary artery disease (CAD) in women. The study aimed to investigate the association between SNPs in the VDR regions Fok I (rs10735810), Bsm I (rs1544410), Apa I (rs7975232), and Taq I (rs731236) and its associated risk of CAD in female patients. This prospective case-control study included 100 women diagnosed with CAD and age-matched healthy controls. The association between 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D levels and VDR polymorph was assessed. In cases, the genotype ‘ff’ was reduced (14%) in co-dominant (OR, 0.13; CI, 0.03–0.65, p=0.0018) and recessive (OR, 0.11; CI, 0.02–0.54, p=0.0018) models. The ‘Ff’ genotype frequency in the over-dominant model was significantly higher (15%) in some cases (OR, 2.58; CI, 1.04–6.41, p=0.031). The frequency of genotype ‘Bb’ was increased (14%) in co-dominant (OR, 2.24; CI, 0.83–6.01, p=0.029) and over-dominant (OR, 2.65; CI, 1.01–6.94, p=0.035) cases. Women with CAD had a significantly lower frequency (14%) of the ‘bb’ genotype in both co-dominant (OR, 0.48; CI, 0.19–1.17, p=0.029) and recessive models (OR, 0.40; CI, 0.17–0.95, p=0.039). VDR genotypes such as Aa+aa, BB+Bb, Aa, Bb, FF+Ff, Tt+tt, aa, Ff, and tt were associated with an increased risk of CAD, and serum vitamin D levels were lower. Alleles ‘a’, ‘B’, and ‘t’ increase CAD risk in women. Subjects with genotypes (BB/Bb), (Tt/tt), and (FF) have a 2-fold, 2.6-fold, and 3-fold increased risk of low 25(OH)D3 levels. We found a statistically significant association between VDR polymorphisms and 25(OH)D3 levels for Taq I and Bsm I genotypes in females with CAD.