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Imaging microvascular changes in nonocular oncological clinical applications by optical coherence tomography angiography: a literature review

Rok Hren
Rok Hren
, 
Gregor Sersa
Gregor Sersa
, 
Urban Simoncic
Urban Simoncic
 oraz 
Matija Milanic
Matija Milanic
   | 30 lis 2023
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Article Category: Review
Data publikacji: 30 lis 2023
Zakres stron: 411 - 418
Otrzymano: 15 wrz 2023
Przyjęty: 03 paź 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2023-0057
Słowa kluczowe
© 2023 Rok Hren et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

FIGURE 1.

Optical coherence angiography (OCTA) scanning protocol. (A) A raster scanning protocol for blood vessel visualization, with the x-axis sampling density determined by A-scans per B-scan sets and the y-axis determined by B scans per volume sets. (B) OCTA B-scans created by four repeated B-scans at one y-location, repeated for varying positions along the y-axis, impacting sampling density; ΔT represents interscan time and Ta denotes acquisition time. (C) Maximum intensity projection (MIP) applied to the OCTA B-scan within the depth range of interest (where vessels are located) to generate one line of the en face OCTA image. (D) Illustration depicting the equal distribution of sampling points for smaller and larger imaging areas. Taken from Sampson et al.12 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Optical coherence angiography (OCTA) scanning protocol. (A) A raster scanning protocol for blood vessel visualization, with the x-axis sampling density determined by A-scans per B-scan sets and the y-axis determined by B scans per volume sets. (B) OCTA B-scans created by four repeated B-scans at one y-location, repeated for varying positions along the y-axis, impacting sampling density; ΔT represents interscan time and Ta denotes acquisition time. (C) Maximum intensity projection (MIP) applied to the OCTA B-scan within the depth range of interest (where vessels are located) to generate one line of the en face OCTA image. (D) Illustration depicting the equal distribution of sampling points for smaller and larger imaging areas. Taken from Sampson et al.12 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

FIGURE 2.

Images obtained through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for (TOP ROW) nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE) and (BOTTOM ROW) low-grade/high-grade dysplasia (LGD/HGD) (bottom left LGD; bottom center and bottom right HGD). NDBE images show a regular honeycomb microvascular pattern (arrows, top row), while abnormal vascular features, such as abnormal vessel branching (arrows, bottom left), heterogeneous vessel size (arrows, bottom center) or both (bottom right), are observed in LGD/HGD. Motion artifacts are denoted by asterisks. OCTA images can assist in distinguishing the boundary between abnormal microvasculature and neighboring nondysplastic regions (dashed line, bottom left and bottom center). Taken from Lee et al.16 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.
Images obtained through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for (TOP ROW) nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE) and (BOTTOM ROW) low-grade/high-grade dysplasia (LGD/HGD) (bottom left LGD; bottom center and bottom right HGD). NDBE images show a regular honeycomb microvascular pattern (arrows, top row), while abnormal vascular features, such as abnormal vessel branching (arrows, bottom left), heterogeneous vessel size (arrows, bottom center) or both (bottom right), are observed in LGD/HGD. Motion artifacts are denoted by asterisks. OCTA images can assist in distinguishing the boundary between abnormal microvasculature and neighboring nondysplastic regions (dashed line, bottom left and bottom center). Taken from Lee et al.16 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.

FIGURE 3.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) acquisition system. OCTA images were acquired in real time. Taken from Maslennikova et al.17 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) acquisition system. OCTA images were acquired in real time. Taken from Maslennikova et al.17 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

FIGURE 4.

Illustration of two distinct vascular features observed through dermoscopy and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The first feature, referred to as “blobs”, is small, isolated points with a simple round appearance; the second feature, called “curves”, is narrow, curved, continuous structures of varying length. Panel (A) displays a dermoscopic image of a Bowen's disease (BD) lesion, and panel (B) shows the corresponding OCTA image. The asterisk in both panels points to the same vessel. The thin arrows in panel (B) indicate examples of vascular blobs. Similarly, panels (C) and (D) display a dermoscopic image of AK and the corresponding OCTA image, respectively. The thick arrows in panel (D) indicate examples of vascular curves. Taken from Themstrup et al.19 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.
Illustration of two distinct vascular features observed through dermoscopy and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The first feature, referred to as “blobs”, is small, isolated points with a simple round appearance; the second feature, called “curves”, is narrow, curved, continuous structures of varying length. Panel (A) displays a dermoscopic image of a Bowen's disease (BD) lesion, and panel (B) shows the corresponding OCTA image. The asterisk in both panels points to the same vessel. The thin arrows in panel (B) indicate examples of vascular blobs. Similarly, panels (C) and (D) display a dermoscopic image of AK and the corresponding OCTA image, respectively. The thick arrows in panel (D) indicate examples of vascular curves. Taken from Themstrup et al.19 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.

FIGURE 5.

Microvascularization in skin lesions (nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanomas) through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans (denoted as D-OCT). (A) Compound nevus on the scapula, displaying a globular appearance with recent changes. (B) Dysplastic nevus, flat lesion on the scapula, exhibiting a complex appearance, atypical network, irregular pigmentation, and dots/globules. (C) Melanoma, a lesion on the scapula, measuring 3.35 mm in tumor thickness, classified as pT3aN1bM0S2, stage IIIB. Taken from Perwein et al.25 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Microvascularization in skin lesions (nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanomas) through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans (denoted as D-OCT). (A) Compound nevus on the scapula, displaying a globular appearance with recent changes. (B) Dysplastic nevus, flat lesion on the scapula, exhibiting a complex appearance, atypical network, irregular pigmentation, and dots/globules. (C) Melanoma, a lesion on the scapula, measuring 3.35 mm in tumor thickness, classified as pT3aN1bM0S2, stage IIIB. Taken from Perwein et al.25 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Included articles reporting the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to quantify microvascular changes in nonocular clinical applications in oncology

Reference Year of publication Number of patients Oncologic setting
GI tract
Tsai et al.15 2014 1 Nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus
Lee et al.16 2017 52 Nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus surveillance or endoscopic eradication therapies for low-grade/high-grade dysplasia
Head and neck
Maslennikova et al.17 2017 25 Radiotherapy of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancer
Skin
De Carvalho et al.18 2016 1 Naevus to melanoma transition
Themstrup et al.19 2017 47 Actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinoma
Themstrup et al.20 2018 81 Basal cell carcinoma
Meiburger et al.21 2019 7 Basal cell carcinoma
Gubarkova et al.22 2019 27 Basal cell carcinoma
De Carvalho et al.23 2018 127 Melanoma
Welzel et al.24 2021 159 Melanoma
Perwein et al.25 2023 130 Nevi
eISSN:
1581-3207
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Haematology, Oncology, Radiology
Kanał RSS czasopisma