This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Shell and Deloitte, “Decarbonising Shipping: All Hands on Deck.” Shell International BV, 2020.Search in Google Scholar
Z. Yang, Q. Tan, and P. Geng, “Combustion and Emissions Investigation on Low-Speed Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine with Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel,” Polish Marit. Res., vol. 26, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.2478/pomr-2019-0017.Search in Google Scholar
Z. Korczewski, “Energy and Emission Quality Ranking of Newly Produced Low-Sulphur Marine Fuels,” Polish Marit. Res., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 77–87, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.2478/pomr-2022-0045.Search in Google Scholar
O. Konur, C. O. Colpan, and O. Y. Saatcioglu, “A comprehensive review on organic Rankine cycle systems used as waste heat recovery technologies for marine applications,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 4083–4122, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2022.2072981.Search in Google Scholar
E. Abdelhameed and H. Tashima, “Experimental investigation on methane inert gas dilution effect on marine gas diesel engine performance and emissions,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 3584–3596, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2022.2067603.Search in Google Scholar
G. Mallouppas and E. A. Yfantis, “Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals,” J. Mar. Sci. Eng., vol. 9, no. 4, p. 415, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.3390/jmse9040415.Search in Google Scholar
A. Romano and Z. Yang, “Decarbonisation of shipping: A state of the art survey for 2000–2020,” Ocean Coast. Manag., vol. 214, p. 105936, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105936.Search in Google Scholar
B. Bradley and R. Hoyland, “Decarbonisation and Shipping: International Maritime Organization Ambitions and Measures,” 2020. .Search in Google Scholar
A. T. Hoang and V. V. Pham, “A review on fuels used for marine diesel engines,” J. Mech. Eng. Res. Dev., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 22–32, 2018.Search in Google Scholar
International Chamber of Shipping, “Environmental Performance: IMO Agreement on Technical Regulations to Reduce Ships’ CO2,” 2017. .Search in Google Scholar
Z. Wan, A. el Makhloufi, Y. Chen, and J. Tang, “Decarbonizing the international shipping industry: Solutions and policy recommendations,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 126, pp. 428–435, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.064.Search in Google Scholar
O. Cherednichenko, S. Serbin, M. Tkach, J. Kowalski, and D. Chen, “Mathematical Modelling of Marine Power Plants with Thermochemical Fuel Treatment,” Polish Marit. Res., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 99–108, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.2478/pomr-2022-0030.Search in Google Scholar
R. A. Halim, L. Kirstein, O. Merk, and L. M. Martinez, “Decarbonization pathways for international maritime transport: A model-based policy impact assessment,” Sustain., 2018, doi: 10.3390/su10072243.Search in Google Scholar
IMO, “Third IMO GHG Study 2014–Executive Summary and Final Report,” London, UK, 2015.Search in Google Scholar
G. Labeckas, S. Slavinskas, J. Rudnicki, and R. Zadrąg, “The Effect of Oxygenated Diesel-N-Butanol Fuel Blends on Combustion, Performance, and Exhaust Emissions of a Turbocharged CRDI Diesel Engine,” Polish Marit. Res., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 108–120, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.2478/pomr-2018-0013.Search in Google Scholar
A. T. Hoang, V. D. Tran, V. H. Dong, and A. T. Le, “An experimental analysis on physical properties and spray characteristics of an ultrasound-assisted emulsion of ultra-low-sulphur diesel and Jatropha-based biodiesel,” J. Mar. Eng. Technol., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 73–81, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1080/20464177.2019.1595355.Search in Google Scholar
H. P. Nguyen, P. Q. P. Nguyen, D. K. P. Nguyen, V. D. Bui, and D. T. Nguyen, “Application of IoT Technologies in Seaport Management,” JOIV Int. J. Informatics Vis., vol. 7, no. 1, p. 228, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.30630/joiv.7.1.1697.Search in Google Scholar
B. Comer, “Maritime Shipping: Black Carbon Issues at the International Maritime Organization,” 2021, pp. 13–25.Search in Google Scholar
A. Astito and S. Hamdoune, “Estimating carbon dioxide and particulate matter emissions from ships using automatic identification system data,” Int. J. Comput. Appl., vol. 88, no. 6, 2014.Search in Google Scholar
A. S. Alamoush, A. I. Ölçer, and F. Ballini, “Ports’ role in shipping decarbonisation: A common port incentive scheme for shipping greenhouse gas emissions reduction,” Clean. Logist. Supply Chain, vol. 3, p. 100021, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.clscn.2021.100021.Search in Google Scholar
S. Vakili, A. I. Ölçer, A. Schönborn, F. Ballini, and A. T. Hoang, “Energy‐related clean and green framework for shipbuilding community towards zero‐emissions: A strategic analysis from concept to case study,” Int. J. Energy Res., vol. 46, no. 14, pp. 20624–20649, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1002/er.7649.Search in Google Scholar
O. B. Inal, B. Zincir, and C. Deniz, “Investigation on the decarbonization of shipping: An approach to hydrogen and ammonia,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 45, pp. 19888–19900, May 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.01.189.Search in Google Scholar
L. Mihanović, M. Jelić, G. Radica, and N. Račić, “EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MARINE ENGINE EXHAUST EMISSIONS,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff., pp. 1–14, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2021.2013344.Search in Google Scholar
V. D. Tran, A. T. Le, and A. T. Hoang, “An Experimental Study on the Performance Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with ULSD-Biodiesel Blends.,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 183–190, 2021.Search in Google Scholar
A. Al-Enazi, E. C. Okonkwo, Y. Bicer, and T. Al-Ansari, “A review of cleaner alternative fuels for maritime transportation,” Energy Reports, vol. 7, pp. 1962–1985, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.03.036.Search in Google Scholar
J. D. Ampah, A. A. Yusuf, S. Afrane, C. Jin, and H. Liu, “Reviewing two decades of cleaner alternative marine fuels: Towards IMO’s decarbonization of the maritime transport sector,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 320, p. 128871, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128871.Search in Google Scholar
A. D. Korberg, S. Brynolf, M. Grahn, and I. R. Skov, “Techno-economic assessment of advanced fuels and propulsion systems in future fossil-free ships,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 142, p. 110861, May 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110861.Search in Google Scholar
W. Zeńczak and A. K. Gromadzińska, “Preliminary Analysis of the Use of Solid Biofuels in a Ship’s Power System,” Polish Marit. Res., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 67–79, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.2478/pomr-2020-0067.Search in Google Scholar
E. A. Bouman, E. Lindstad, A. I. Rialland, and A. H. Strømman, “State-of-the-art technologies, measures, and potential for reducing GHG emissions from shipping – A review,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 52, pp. 408–421, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.03.022.Search in Google Scholar
H. Zeraatgar and M. H. Ghaemi, “The Analysis of Overall Ship Fuel Consumption in Acceleration Manoeuvre Using Hull-Propeller-Engine Interaction Principles and Governor Features,” Polish Marit. Res., vol. 26, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.2478/pomr-2019-0018.Search in Google Scholar
P. N. Hoffmann, M. S. Eide, and Ø. Endresen, “Effect of proposed CO 2 emission reduction scenarios on capital expenditure,” Marit. Policy Manag., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 443–460, Jul. 2012, doi: 10.1080/03088839.2012.690081.Search in Google Scholar
A. B. Jaffe and R. N. Stavins, “The energy-efficiency gap What does it mean?,” Energy Policy, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 804–810, Oct. 1994, doi: 10.1016/0301-4215(94)90138-4.Search in Google Scholar
H. Johnson and K. Andersson, “The energy efficiency gap in shipping – Barriers to improvement,” Int. Assoc. Marit. Econ. Annu. Conf., 2011.Search in Google Scholar
K. Rudzki, P. Gomulka, and A. T. Hoang, “Optimization Model to Manage Ship Fuel Consumption and Navigation Time,” Polish Marit. Res., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 141–153, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.2478/pomr-2022-0034.Search in Google Scholar
M. Feili, M. Hasanzadeh, H. Ghaebi, and E. Abdi Aghdam, “Comprehensive analysis of a novel cooling/electricity cogeneration system driven by waste heat of a marine diesel engine,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 7331–7346, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2022.2108167.Search in Google Scholar
Ø. Buhaug et al., “Second IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2009,” Int. Marit. Organ., 2009.Search in Google Scholar
M. S. Eide, T. Longva, P. Hoffmann, Ø. Endresen, and S. B. Dalsøren, “Future cost scenarios for reduction of ship CO 2 emissions,” Marit. Policy Manag., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 11–37, Jan. 2011, doi: 10.1080/03088839.2010.533711.Search in Google Scholar
J. Faber et al., “Technical support for European action to reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from international maritime transport,” 2009.Search in Google Scholar
E. C. EC, “White Paper: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area–Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System,” COM (2011) 144 final [online]. European Commission Brussels, 2011.Search in Google Scholar
Z. Bazari and T. Longva, “Assessment of IMO Mandated Energy Efficiency Measures for International Shipping,” 2011.Search in Google Scholar
A. Mellin and H. Rydhed, “Swedish ports’ attitudes towards regulations of the shipping sector’s emissions of CO 2,” Marit. Policy Manag., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 437–450, Jul. 2011, doi: 10.1080/03088839.2011.588261.Search in Google Scholar
H. P. Nguyen, P. Q. P. Nguyen, and T. P. Nguyen, “Green Port Strategies in Developed Coastal Countries as Useful Lessons for the Path of Sustainable Development: A case study in Vietnam,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 950–962, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.14710/ijred.2022.46539.Search in Google Scholar
K. Takasaki, “CO2 Reduction from Main Engine,” J. Japan Inst. Mar. Eng. Eng., 2015, doi: 10.5988/jime.50.198.Search in Google Scholar
L. Čampara, N. Hasanspahić, and S. Vujičić, “Overview of MARPOL ANNEX VI regulations for prevention of air pollution from marine diesel engines,” SHS Web Conf., vol. 58, p. 01004, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1051/shsconf/20185801004.Search in Google Scholar
V. V. Pham, A. T. Hoang, and H. C. Do, “Analysis and evaluation of database for the selection of propulsion systems for tankers,” 2020, doi: 10.1063/5.0007655.Search in Google Scholar
N. L. Trivyza, A. Rentizelas, and G. Theotokatos, “A Comparative Analysis of EEDI Versus Lifetime CO2 Emissions,” J. Mar. Sci. Eng., vol. 8, no. 1, p. 61, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.3390/jmse8010061.Search in Google Scholar
Hwang, Jeong, Jung, Kim, and Zhou, “Life Cycle Assessment of LNG Fueled Vessel in Domestic Services,” J. Mar. Sci. Eng., vol. 7, no. 10, p. 359, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.3390/jmse7100359.Search in Google Scholar
M. H. Ghaemi and H. Zeraatgar, “Impact of Propeller Emergence on Hull, Propeller, Engine, and Fuel Consumption Performance in Regular Head Waves,” Polish Marit. Res., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 56–76, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.2478/pomr-2022-0044.Search in Google Scholar
GloMEEP, “Ship Emissions Tool Kit (Guide No. 3), Development of a national Ship emissions reduction strategy,” 2018.Search in Google Scholar
J. Z. Goldstein and J. P. George, “REDUCING NAVAL FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION AT SEA IN THE 21ST CENTURY.” Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School, 2021.Search in Google Scholar
V. V. Pham and A. T. Hoang, “Technological perspective for reducing emissions from marine engines,” Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1989–2000, 2019, doi: 10.18517/ijaseit.9.6.10429.Search in Google Scholar
K. Rudzki and W. Tarelko, “A decision-making system supporting selection of commanded outputs for a ship’s propulsion system with a controllable pitch propeller,” Ocean Eng., 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.09.018.Search in Google Scholar
J. Herdzik, “Decarbonization of Marine Fuels—The Future of Shipping,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 14, p. 4311, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14144311.Search in Google Scholar
A. Foretich, G. G. Zaimes, T. R. Hawkins, and E. Newes, “Challenges and opportunities for alternative fuels in the maritime sector,” Marit. Transp. Res., vol. 2, p. 100033, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.martra.2021.100033.Search in Google Scholar
H. Wang, D. Liu, and G. Dai, “Review of maritime transportation air emission pollution and policy analysis,” J. Ocean Univ. China, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 283–290, Sep. 2009, doi: 10.1007/s11802-009-0283-6.Search in Google Scholar
S. E. Tanzer, J. Posada, S. Geraedts, and A. Ramírez, “Lignocellulosic marine biofuel: Technoeconomic and environmental assessment for production in Brazil and Sweden,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 239, p. 117845, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117845.Search in Google Scholar
N. Pavlenko, B. Comer, Y. Zhou, N. Clark, and D. Rutherford, “The climate implications of using LNG as a marine fuel,” Swedish Environ. Prot. Agency Stock. Sweden, 2020.Search in Google Scholar
TNO, “Environmental and Economic aspects of using LNG as a fuel for shipping in The Netherlands. Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO) Report,” Delft, TNO, vol. 48, no. July 2015, pp. 1–48, 2011.Search in Google Scholar
D. Lowell, H. Wang, and N. Lutsey, “Assessment of the fuel cycle impact of liquefied natural gas as used in international shipping,” Int. Counc. Clean Transp., 2013.Search in Google Scholar
S. Brynolf, E. Fridell, and K. Andersson, “Environmental assessment of marine fuels: liquefied natural gas, liquefied biogas, methanol and bio-methanol,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 74, pp. 86–95, 2014.Search in Google Scholar
R. Zhao et al., “A Numerical and Experimental Study of Marine Hydrogen–Natural Gas–Diesel Tri–Fuel Engines,” Polish Marit. Res., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 80–90, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.2478/pomr-2020-0068.Search in Google Scholar
J. Li, Y. Han, G. Mao, and P. Wang, “Optimization of exhaust emissions from marine engine fueled with LNG/diesel using response surface methodology,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff., vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 1436–1448, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2019.1604859.Search in Google Scholar
M. A. Fun-sang Cepeda, N. N. Pereira, S. Kahn, and J.-D. Caprace, “A review of the use of LNG versus HFO in maritime industry,” Mar. Syst. Ocean Technol., vol. 14, no. 2–3, pp. 75–84, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s40868-019-00059-y.Search in Google Scholar
P. Balcombe, I. Staffell, I. G. Kerdan, J. F. Speirs, N. P. Brandon, and A. D. Hawkes, “How can LNG-fuelled ships meet decarbonisation targets? An environmental and economic analysis,” Energy, vol. 227, p. 120462, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120462.Search in Google Scholar
A. Bernatik, P. Senovsky, and M. Pitt, “LNG as a potential alternative fuel – Safety and security of storage facilities,” J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 19–24, Jan. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2010.08.003.Search in Google Scholar
P. Balcombe et al., “How to decarbonise international shipping: Options for fuels, technologies and policies,” Energy Conversion and Management. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.080.Search in Google Scholar
D. Thrän et al., “Biomethane-status and factors affecting market development and trade,” 2014.Search in Google Scholar
E. Wetterlund, “System studies of forest-based biomass gasification.” Linköping University Electronic Press, 2012.Search in Google Scholar
V. A. dos Santos, P. Pereira da Silva, and L. M. V. Serrano, “The Maritime Sector and Its Problematic Decarbonization: A Systematic Review of the Contribution of Alternative Fuels,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 10, p. 3571, May 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15103571.Search in Google Scholar
A. A. Banawan, M. M. El Gohary, and I. S. Sadek, “Environmental and economical benefits of changing from marine diesel oil to natural-gas fuel for short-voyage high-power passenger ships,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part M J. Eng. Marit. Environ., 2010, doi: 10.1243/14750902JEME181.Search in Google Scholar
M. Anderson, K. Salo, and E. Fridell, “Particle- and Gaseous Emissions from an LNG Powered Ship,” Environ. Sci. Technol., 2015, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02678.Search in Google Scholar
J. Li, B. Wu, and G. Mao, “Research on the performance and emission characteristics of the LNG-diesel marine engine,” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jngse.2015.09.036.Search in Google Scholar
N. R. Ammar, “Environmental and cost-effectiveness comparison of dual fuel propulsion options for emissions reduction onboard lng carriers,” Brodogradnja, 2019, doi: 10.21278/brod70304.Search in Google Scholar
G. P. Gerilla, K. Teknomo, and K. Hokao, “Environmental assessment of international transportation of products,” J. East. Asia Soc. Transp. Stud., vol. 6, pp. 3167–3182, 2005.Search in Google Scholar
M. M. Elgohary, I. S. Seddiek, and A. M. Salem, “Overview of alternative fuels with emphasis on the potential of liquefied natural gas as future marine fuel,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part M J. Eng. Marit. Environ., 2015, doi: 10.1177/1475090214522778.Search in Google Scholar
I. Ø. Tvedten and S. Bauer, “Retrofitting towards a greener marine shipping future: Reassembling ship fuels and liquefied natural gas in Norway,” Energy Res. Soc. Sci., vol. 86, p. 102423, 2022.Search in Google Scholar
O. Schinas and M. Butler, “Feasibility and commercial considerations of LNG-fueled ships,” Ocean Eng., 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.04.031.Search in Google Scholar
F. Burel, R. Taccani, and N. Zuliani, “Improving sustainability of maritime transport through utilization of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) for propulsion,” Energy, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.05.002.Search in Google Scholar
M. Acciaro, “Real option analysis for environmental compliance: LNG and emission control areas,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 28, pp. 41–50, May 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2013.12.007.Search in Google Scholar
T. Iannaccone, G. Landucci, A. Tugnoli, E. Salzano, and V. Cozzani, “Sustainability of cruise ship fuel systems: Comparison among LNG and diesel technologies,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 260, p. 121069, 2020.Search in Google Scholar
H. Hadiyanto, A. P. Aini, W. Widayat, K. Kusmiyati, A. Budiman, and A. Roesyadi, “Multi-Feedstocks Biodiesel Production from Esterification of Calophyllum inophyllum Oil, Castor Oil, Palm Oil and Waste Cooking Oil,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 119–123, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.14710/ijred.9.1.119-123.Search in Google Scholar
A. Kolakoti, M. Setiyo, and M. L. Rochman, “A green heterogeneous catalyst production and characterization for biodiesel production using RSM and ANN approach,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 703–712, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43627.Search in Google Scholar
S. Mekhilef, S. Siga, and R. Saidur, “A review on palm oil biodiesel as a source of renewable fuel,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1937–1949, May 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.12.012.Search in Google Scholar
T. Kalyani, L. S. V. Prasad, and A. Kolakoti, “Biodiesel Production from a Naturally Grown Green Algae Spirogyra Using Heterogeneous Catalyst: An Approach to RSM Optimization Technique,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 300–312, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.14710/ijred.2023.50065.Search in Google Scholar
P. Sharma et al., “Experimental investigations on efficiency and instability of combustion process in a diesel engine fueled with ternary blends of hydrogen peroxide additive/biodiesel/diesel,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 5929–5950, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2022.2091692.Search in Google Scholar
A. T. Hoang, “Combustion behavior, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel containing cerium oxide nanoparticles: A review,” Fuel Process. Technol., vol. 218, p. 106840, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.106840.Search in Google Scholar
A. T. Hoang et al., “Rice bran oil-based biodiesel as a promising renewable fuel alternative to petrodiesel: A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110204.Search in Google Scholar
M. H. Jayed, H. H. Masjuki, R. Saidur, M. A. Kalam, and M. I. Jahirul, “Environmental aspects and challenges of oilseed produced biodiesel in Southeast Asia,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 2452–2462, Dec. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.06.023.Search in Google Scholar
Y. S. M. Altarazi et al., “Effects of biofuel on engines performance and emission characteristics: A review,” Energy, vol. 238, p. 121910, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121910.Search in Google Scholar
S. N et al., “Poultry fat biodiesel as a fuel substitute in diesel-ethanol blends for DI-CI engine: Experimental, modeling and optimization,” Energy, vol. 270, p. 126826, May 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.126826.Search in Google Scholar
N. Jeyakumar et al., “Using Pithecellobium Dulce seed-derived biodiesel combined with Groundnut shell nanoparticles for diesel engines as a well-advised approach toward sustainable waste-to-energy management,” Fuel, vol. 337, p. 127164, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.127164.Search in Google Scholar
K. Kolwzan and M. Narewski, “Alternative fuels for marine applications,” Latv. J. Chem., vol. 51, no. 4, p. 398, 2012.Search in Google Scholar
AWRI, “The feasibility of fuelling the research vessel D.J. Angus and W.G. Jackson with biodiesel,” 2003.Search in Google Scholar
C. Lagacé, “Biodiesel demonstration and assessment for tour boats in the old port of Montréal and Lachine canal national historic site,” 2005.Search in Google Scholar
C.-W. C. Hsieh and C. Felby, “Biofuels for the marine shipping sector,” IEA Bioenergy, p. 86, 2017.Search in Google Scholar
T. C. Holmseth, “Earthrace sets new world record,” Biodiesel magazine, 2008. .Search in Google Scholar
C. W. Mohd Noor, M. M. Noor, and R. Mamat, “Biodiesel as alternative fuel for marine diesel engine applications: A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 94, pp. 127–142, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.031.Search in Google Scholar
A. Imran, M. Varman, H. H. Masjuki, and M. A. Kalam, “Review on alcohol fumigation on diesel engine: A viable alternative dual fuel technology for satisfactory engine performance and reduction of environment concerning emission,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.070.Search in Google Scholar
T. T. Truong, X. P. Nguyen, V. V. Pham, V. V. Le, A. T. Le, and V. T. Bui, “Effect of alcohol additives on diesel engine performance: a review,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff., pp. 1–25, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2021.2011490.Search in Google Scholar
D. Boopathi, S. Thiyagarajan, A. Sonthalia, P. Parthiban, S. Devanand, and V. Edwin Geo, “Effect of methanol fumigation on performance and emission characteristics in a waste cooking oil-fuelled single cylinder CI engine,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff., vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 1088–1096, May 2019, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2018.1539142.Search in Google Scholar
S. Mayer, J. Sjöholm, T. Murakami, K. Shimada, and N. Kjemtrup, “Performance and emission results from the MAN B&W LGI Low-Speed Engine Operating on Methanol,” in CIMAC Congress, 2016, pp. 6–10.Search in Google Scholar
T. Stojcevski, D. Jay, and L. Vicenzi, “Operation experience of world’s first methanol engine in a ferry installation,” in Proceedings of the 28th CIMAC World Congress, Helsinki, Finland, 2016, pp. 6–9.Search in Google Scholar
M. Svanberg, J. Ellis, J. Lundgren, and I. Landälv, “Renewable methanol as a fuel for the shipping industry,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 94, pp. 1217–1228, 2018.Search in Google Scholar
P. Gilbert, C. Walsh, M. Traut, U. Kesieme, K. Pazouki, and A. Murphy, “Assessment of full life-cycle air emissions of alternative shipping fuels,” J. Clean. Prod., 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.165.Search in Google Scholar
DNV GL, “Methanol as Marine Fuel: Environmental Benifits, Technology Readiness, and Economic Feasibility,” 2016.Search in Google Scholar
R. Song, J. Liu, L. Wang, and S. Liu, “Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Methanol,” Energy & Fuels, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 3883–3888, Nov. 2008, doi: 10.1021/ef800492r.Search in Google Scholar
T. Stojcevski, “Wärtsilä. Methanol as Engine Fuel: Challenges and Opportunities,” 2016.Search in Google Scholar
MAN Energy Solutions, “The Methanol-fuelled MAN B&W LGIM Engine. Application, service experience and latest development of the ME-LGIM engine.,” 2021.Search in Google Scholar
M. Túner, P. Aakko-Saksa, and P. Molander, “Engine Technology, Research, and Development for Methanol in Internal Combustion Engines: SUMMETH-Sustainable Marine Methanol, Deliverable D3. 1,” 2018.Search in Google Scholar
Bunkerworld, “Billion Miles targets methanol-fueled boats in Singapore from 2018,” 2017.Search in Google Scholar
J. Ellis and K. Tanneberger, “Study on the use of ethyl and methyl alcohol as alternative fuels in shipping,” Eur. Marit. Saf. Agency, 2015.Search in Google Scholar
I. A. Fernández, M. R. Gómez, J. R. Gómez, and L. M. López-González, “Generation of H2 on Board Lng Vessels for Consumption in the Propulsion System,” Polish Marit. Res., vol. 27, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.2478/pomr-2020-0009.Search in Google Scholar
A. T. Hoang and V. V. Pham, “A study on a solution to reduce emissions by using hydrogen as an alternative fuel for a diesel engine integrated exhaust gas recirculation,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2020, vol. 2235, no. 1, p. 20035.Search in Google Scholar
S. Öberg, M. Odenberger, and F. Johnsson, “Exploring the competitiveness of hydrogen-fueled gas turbines in future energy systems,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 624–644, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.10.035.Search in Google Scholar
S. Verma, A. Suman, L. M. Das, S. C. Kaushik, and S. K. Tyagi, “A renewable pathway towards increased utilization of hydrogen in diesel engines,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 5577–5587, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.213.Search in Google Scholar
A. Mohammadi, M. Shioji, Y. Nakai, W. Ishikura, and E. Tabo, “Performance and combustion characteristics of a direct injection SI hydrogen engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.06.005.Search in Google Scholar
M. M. Roy, E. Tomita, N. Kawahara, Y. Harada, and A. Sakane, “Comparison of performance and emissions of a supercharged dual-fuel engine fueled by hydrogen and hydrogen-containing gaseous fuels,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.03.070.Search in Google Scholar
B. Gopalakrishnan, N. Khanna, and D. Das, “Dark-Fermentative Biohydrogen Production,” in Biohydrogen, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 79–122.Search in Google Scholar
T. X. Nguyen-Thi and T. M. T. Bui, “Effects of Injection Strategies on Mixture Formation and Combustion in a Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Syngas-Biogas-Hydrogen,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 118–128, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.14710/ijred.2023.49368.Search in Google Scholar
I. P. Jain, “Hydrogen the fuel for 21st century,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, no. 17, pp. 7368–7378, Sep. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.05.093.Search in Google Scholar
Y. Wang, K. S. Chen, J. Mishler, S. C. Cho, and X. C. Adroher, “A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Technology, applications, and needs on fundamental research,” Appl. Energy, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 981–1007, Apr. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.09.030.Search in Google Scholar
V. G. Bui, T. M. T. Bui, A. T. Hoang, S. Nižetić, T. X. Nguyen Thi, and A. V. Vo, “Hydrogen-Enriched Biogas Premixed Charge Combustion and Emissions in Direct Injection and Indirect Injection Diesel Dual Fueled Engines: A Comparative Study,” J. Energy Resour. Technol., vol. 143, no. 12, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1115/1.4051574.Search in Google Scholar
C. WHITE, R. STEEPER, and A. LUTZ, “The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: a technical review,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1292–1305, Aug. 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.12.001.Search in Google Scholar
J. J. De-Troya, C. Álvarez, C. Fernández-Garrido, and L. Carral, “Analysing the possibilities of using fuel cells in ships,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.145.Search in Google Scholar
Z. E. Ships, “One Hundred Passengers and Zero Emissions: The First Ever Passenger Vessel to Sail Propelled by Fuel Cells.” 2013.Search in Google Scholar
C. J. McKinlay, S. R. Turnock, and D. A. Hudson, “Route to zero emission shipping: Hydrogen, ammonia or methanol?,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 55, pp. 28282–28297, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.06.066.Search in Google Scholar
Y. Bicer and I. Dincer, “Clean fuel options with hydrogen for sea transportation: A life cycle approach,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.157.Search in Google Scholar
F. Bird, A. Clarke, P. Davies, and E. Surkovic, Ammonia : fuel and energy store. 2020.Search in Google Scholar
R. D. Milton et al., “Bioelectrochemical Haber-Bosch Process: An Ammonia-Producing H 2 /N 2 Fuel Cell,” Angew. Chemie Int. Ed., vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 2680–2683, Mar. 2017, doi: 10.1002/anie.201612500.Search in Google Scholar
V. Kyriakou, I. Garagounis, A. Vourros, E. Vasileiou, and M. Stoukides, “An Electrochemical Haber-Bosch Process,” Joule, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 142–158, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.10.006.Search in Google Scholar
P. Dimitriou and R. Javaid, “A review of ammonia as a compression ignition engine fuel,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 7098–7118, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j. ijhydene.2019.12.209.Search in Google Scholar
I. S. Seddiek and N. R. Ammar, “Technical and eco-environmental analysis of blue/green ammonia-fueled RO/RO ships,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 114, p. 103547, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2022.103547.Search in Google Scholar
N. De Vries, “Safe and Effective Application of Ammonia as a Marine Fuel Delft University of Technology,” 2019.Search in Google Scholar
Y. Bicer and I. Dincer, “Environmental impact categories of hydrogen and ammonia driven transoceanic maritime vehicles: A comparative evaluation,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 4583–4596, 2018.Search in Google Scholar
MAERSK, “PRESS RELEASE Alcohol, Biomethane and Ammonia are the best-positioned fuels to reach zero net emissions 24 October 2019,” 2019.Search in Google Scholar
S.-J. Yeo, J. Kim, and W.-J. Lee, “Potential economic and environmental advantages of liquid petroleum gas as a marine fuel through analysis of registered ships in South Korea,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 330, p. 129955, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129955.Search in Google Scholar
R. Laursen, “Ship operation using LPG and ammonia as fuel on MAN B&W dual fuel ME-LGIP engines,” 2018.Search in Google Scholar
E. Lindstad, B. Lagemann, A. Rialland, G. M. Gamlem, and A. Valland, “Reduction of maritime GHG emissions and the potential role of E-fuels,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 101, p. 103075, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2021.103075.Search in Google Scholar
B. Lagemann, E. Lindstad, K. Fagerholt, A. Rialland, and S. Ove Erikstad, “Optimal ship lifetime fuel and power system selection,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 102, p. 103145, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2021.103145.Search in Google Scholar
S.-H. Han, H.-S. Kim, B.-U. Han, and D.-J. Lee, “LPG A Study on Fuel Supply System of LPG Propulsion VLGC ME-LGIP Engine,” Bull. Soc. Nav. Archit. Korea, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 10–14, 2019.Search in Google Scholar
B. Ashok, S. Denis Ashok, and C. Ramesh Kumar, “LPG diesel dual fuel engine – A critical review,” Alexandria Eng. J., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 105–126, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j. aej.2015.03.002.Search in Google Scholar
K. W. Chun, M. Kim, and J.-J. Hur, “Development of a Marine LPG-Fueled High-Speed Engine for Electric Propulsion Systems,” J. Mar. Sci. Eng., vol. 10, no. 10, p. 1498, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.3390/jmse10101498.Search in Google Scholar
B. Ashok, S. D. Ashok, and C. R. Kumar, “LPG diesel dual fuel engine–A critical review,” Alexandria Eng. J., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 105–126, 2015.Search in Google Scholar
The WLPGA, “LPG for Marine Engines, The Marine Alternative Fuel,” Charles de Gaulle, France, 2017.Search in Google Scholar
K. Cullinane and S. Cullinane, “Policy on reducing shipping emissions: implications for ‘green ports,’” Green Ports, pp. 35–62, 2019.Search in Google Scholar
T. Zis, R. J. North, P. Angeloudis, W. Y. Ochieng, and M. G. H. Bell, “Evaluation of cold ironing and speed reduction policies to reduce ship emissions near and at ports,” Marit. Econ. Logist., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 371–398, 2014.Search in Google Scholar
R. Bergqvist and J. Monios, “Green ports in theory and practice,” in Green ports, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 1–17.Search in Google Scholar
F. Fung, Z. Zhu, R. Becque, and B. Finamore, “Prevention and control of shipping and Port Air emissions in china,” NRDC white Pap., 2014.Search in Google Scholar
N. R. Ammar, “Energy-and cost-efficiency analysis of greenhouse gas emission reduction using slow steaming of ships: case study RO-RO cargo vessel,” Ships Offshore Struct., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 868–876, 2018.Search in Google Scholar
C. C. Chang and C. M. Wang, “Evaluating the effects of green port policy: Case study of Kaohsiung harbor in Taiwan,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., 2012, doi: 10.1016/j. trd.2011.11.006.Search in Google Scholar
J. J. Corbett, H. Wang, and J. J. Winebrake, “The effectiveness and costs of speed reductions on emissions from international shipping,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 593–598, 2009.Search in Google Scholar
J.-K. Woo and D. S.-H. Moon, “The effects of slow steaming on the environmental performance in liner shipping,” Marit. Policy Manag., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 176–191, 2014.Search in Google Scholar
P. E. N. G. Yun, L. I. Xiangda, W. A. N. G. Wenyuan, L. I. U. Ke, and L. I. Chuan, “A simulation-based research on carbon emission mitigation strategies for green container terminals,” Ocean Eng., vol. 163, pp. 288–298, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.05.054.Search in Google Scholar
P. Cariou, “Is slow steaming a sustainable means of reducing CO2 emissions from container shipping?,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 260–264, 2011.Search in Google Scholar
M. Golias, M. Boile, S. Theofanis, and C. Efstathiou, “The berth-scheduling problem: Maximizing berth productivity and minimizing fuel consumption and emissions production,” Transp. Res. Rec., vol. 2166, no. 1, pp. 20–27, 2010.Search in Google Scholar
L. Kirstein, R. Halim, and O. Merk, “Decarbonising Maritime Transport.—Pathways to Zero-Carbon Shipping by 2035,” 2018.Search in Google Scholar
C. C. Chang and C. W. Jhang, “Reducing speed and fuel transfer of the green flag incentive program in kaohsiung port taiwan,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 46, pp. 1–10, 2016.Search in Google Scholar
H. Winnes, L. Styhre, and E. Fridell, “Reducing GHG emissions from ships in port areas,” Res. Transp. Bus. Manag., 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.rtbm.2015.10.008.Search in Google Scholar
C. Kontovas and H. N. Psaraftis, “Reduction of emissions along the maritime intermodal container chain: operational models and policies,” Marit. Policy Manag., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 451–469, 2011.Search in Google Scholar
R. T. Poulsen, S. Ponte, and H. Sornn-Friese, “Environmental upgrading in global value chains: The potential and limitations of ports in the greening of maritime transport,” Geoforum, vol. 89, pp. 83–95, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.01.011.Search in Google Scholar
Y.-T. Tsai, C.-J. Liang, K.-H. Huang, K.-H. Hung, C.-W. Jheng, and J.-J. Liang, “Self-management of greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions in Taichung Port, Taiwan,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 63, pp. 576–587, 2018.Search in Google Scholar
G. Villalba and E. D. Gemechu, “Estimating GHG emissions of marine ports—the case of Barcelona,” Energy Policy, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 1363–1368, 2011.Search in Google Scholar
S. López-Aparicio, D. Tønnesen, T. N. Thanh, and H. Neilson, “Shipping emissions in a Nordic port: Assessment of mitigation strategies,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.04.021.Search in Google Scholar
L. Styhre, H. Winnes, J. Black, J. Lee, and H. Le-Griffin, “Greenhouse gas emissions from ships in ports – Case studies in four continents,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.04.033.Search in Google Scholar
SPBP, “San Pedro Bay Ports Clean Air Action Plan Update. Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach,” 2017.Search in Google Scholar
D. Gibbs, P. Rigot-Muller, J. Mangan, and C. Lalwani, “The role of sea ports in end-to-end maritime transport chain emissions,” Energy Policy, vol. 64, pp. 337–348, 2014.Search in Google Scholar
D. S. H. Moon and J. K. Woo, “The impact of port operations on efficient ship operation from both economic and environmental perspectives,” Marit. Policy Manag., 2014, doi: 10.1080/03088839.2014.931607.Search in Google Scholar
H. Johnson and L. Styhre, “Increased energy efficiency in short sea shipping through decreased time in port,” Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract., vol. 71, pp. 167–178, 2015.Search in Google Scholar
M. Tichavska, B. Tovar, D. Gritsenko, L. Johansson, and J. P. Jalkanen, “Air emissions from ships in port: Does regulation make a difference?,” Transp. Policy, vol. 75, pp. 128–140, 2019.Search in Google Scholar
A. Misra, K. Panchabikesan, S. K. Gowrishankar, E. Ayyasamy, and V. Ramalingam, “GHG emission accounting and mitigation strategies to reduce the carbon footprint in conventional port activities–a case of the Port of Chennai,” Carbon Manag., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 45–56, 2017.Search in Google Scholar
E. Díaz-Ruiz-Navamuel, A. O. Piris, and C. A. Pérez-Labajos, “Reduction in CO2 emissions in RoRo/Pax ports equipped with automatic mooring systems,” Environ. Pollut., vol. 241, pp. 879–886, 2018.Search in Google Scholar
A. Ortega Piris, E. Díaz-Ruiz-Navamuel, C. A. Pérez-Labajos, and J. Oria Chaveli, “Reduction of CO2 emissions with automatic mooring systems. The case of the port of Santander,” Atmos. Pollut. Res., 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2017.07.002.Search in Google Scholar
P. Andersson and P. Ivehammar, “Green approaches at sea – The benefits of adjusting speed instead of anchoring,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.01.010.Search in Google Scholar
International maritime organization, “Study of Emission Control and Energy Efficiency Measures for Ships in the Port Area,” Clim. Chang. 2013 – Phys. Sci. Basis, 2015.Search in Google Scholar
A. Azetsu, “Regulation of GHG Emissions and Trend of Countermeasures,” J. Japan Inst. Mar. Eng., vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 50–53, 2016, doi: 10.5988/jime.51.50.Search in Google Scholar
V. V. Pham and A. T. Hoang, “Analyzing and selecting the typical propulsion systems for ocean supply vessels,” 2020, doi: 10.1109/ICACCS48705.2020.9074276.Search in Google Scholar
J. Faber and M. Hoen, Estimated Index Values of Ships 2009-2016: Analysis of the Design Efficiency of Ships that Have Entered the Fleet Since 2009. CE Delft, 2017.Search in Google Scholar
T. and Environment, “Statistical analysis of the energy efficiency performance (EEDI) of new ships built in 2013-2017.” 2018.Search in Google Scholar
W. Tarełko, “The effect of hull biofouling on parameters characterising ship propulsion system efficiency,” Polish Marit. Res., 2014, doi: 10.2478/pomr-2014-0038.Search in Google Scholar
X. P. Nguyen, “A simulation study on the effects of hull form on aerodynamic performances of the ships,” in Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, Materials and Technologies, 2020, p. 020015, doi: 10.1063/5.0000140.Search in Google Scholar
T. Smith et al., “CO2 Emissions from International Shipping: Possible reduction targets and their associated pathways,” 2016.Search in Google Scholar
T. Smith et al., “CO2 emissions from international shipping: Possible reduction targets and their associated pathways,” UMAS London, UK, 2016.Search in Google Scholar
P. Gilbert, A. Bows-Larkin, S. Mander, and C. Walsh, “Technologies for the high seas: Meeting the climate challenge,” Carbon Manag., 2014, doi: 10.1080/17583004.2015.1013676.Search in Google Scholar
Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology (IMarEST), “MEPC 62/INF.7 – Reduction of GHG emissions from ships - Marginal Abatement Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Energy-Efficiency Measures,” 2011.Search in Google Scholar
H. Lindstad and G. S. Eskeland, “Low carbon maritime transport: How speed, size and slenderness amounts to substantial capital energy substitution,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 41, pp. 244–256, Dec. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2015.10.006.Search in Google Scholar
N. Rehmatulla, J. Calleya, and T. Smith, “The implementation of technical energy efficiency and CO 2 emission reduction measures in shipping,” Ocean Eng., vol. 139, pp. 184–197, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.04.029.Search in Google Scholar
J. Carlton, J. Aldwinkle, and J. Anderson, “Future ship powering options: exploring alternative methods of ship propulsion,” London R. Acad. Eng., 2013.Search in Google Scholar
F. Tillig, W. Mao, and J. Ringsberg, “Systems modelling for energy-efficient shipping,” Chalmers University of Technology, 2015.Search in Google Scholar
P. . Van Kluijven, L. Kwakernaak, F. Zoetmulder, M. Ruigrok, and K. de Bondt, “Contra-rotating propellers1,” Int. Shipbuild. Prog., vol. 3, no. 25, pp. 459–473, 2018, doi: 10.3233/isp-1956-32501.Search in Google Scholar
, 