Can the Media Discourse Surrounding the Paralympic Games Alter the Perception of Disability Held by Children With Disabilities and Their Families?

Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge: Perseus. Search in Google Scholar

Anaby, D., Hand, C., Bradley, L., Direzze, B., Forhan, M., Digiacomo, A., & Law, M. (2013). The effect of the environment on participation of children and youth with disabilities: a scoping review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 35(19), 1589–1598. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2012.74884010.3109/09638288.2012.74884023350759 Search in Google Scholar

Bailey, S. (2008). Athlete first: a history of the Paralympic movement. John Wiley & Sons: Chichester. https://doi.org/10.1080/0261436090282703110.1080/02614360902827031 Search in Google Scholar

Banas, J. A., Bessarabova, E., & Massey, Z. B. (2020). Meta-analysis on mediated contact and prejudice. Human Communication Research, 46(2–3), 120–160. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqaa00410.1093/hcr/hqaa004 Search in Google Scholar

Barnes, C. (1992). Disabling imagery and the media: an exploration of the principles for media representations of disabled people. Keele University Press. https://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/library/Barnes-disabling-imagery.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Berg, K. L., Shiu, C. S., Msall, M. E., & Acharya, K. (2015). Victimization and depression among youth with disabilities in the US child welfare system. Child: Care, Health and Development, 41(6), 989–999. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.1223310.1111/cch.1223325761940 Search in Google Scholar

Berger, R. J. (2008). Disability and the dedicated wheelchair athlete : beyond the “ supercrip” critique. J. Contemp. Ethnogr, 37(6), 647–678.10.1177/0891241607309892 Search in Google Scholar

Biduski, G. M., Seron, B. B., Bertoli, J., Rossato, M., & Freitas, C. de la R. (2016). Barreiras e facilitadores para a prática de esportes adaptados na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina [Barriers and facilitators perceived by people with disabilities that practice sports]. V Congresso Paradesportivo Internacional [V International Parasports Congress], 481–486. https://doi.org/10.19177/ren.v6e32013105-124 Search in Google Scholar

Bond, B. J. (2020). The development and influence of parasocial relationships with television characters: a longitudinal experimental test of prejudice reduction through parasocial contact. Communication Research, 48(4), 573–593. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365021990063210.1177/0093650219900632 Search in Google Scholar

Botelho, L., & Porciúncula, K. (2018). Os desafios para a produção de indicadores sobre a pessoa com deficiência – ontem, hoje e amanhã. [Challenges for the production of indicators about people with disabilities – yesterday, today and tomorrow]. In A. Simões, L. Athias, & L. Botelho (Eds.), Panorama nacional e internacional da produção de indicadores sociais. Grupos populacionais específicos e uso do tempo [National and international overview of the production of social indicators. Specific population groups and time use]. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. [Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE], 114–167. Search in Google Scholar

Brasil. Senado Federal. (2010). Condições de vida das pessoas com deficiência no Brasil [Living conditions of people with disabilities in Brazil]. Brasília. Avaliable at: https://www.senado.gov.br/senado/datasenado/pdf/datasenado/DataSenado-Pesquisa-Condicao_de_vida_das_pessoas_com_deficiencia_no_Brasil.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. APA handbook of research methods in psychology. Research designs: quantitative, qualitative,neuropsychological, and biological. Whashington DC: American Psycological Association, (2), 57–71.10.1037/13620-004 Search in Google Scholar

Brittain, I., & Beacom, A. (2016). Leveraging the London 2012 Paralympic Games: what legacy for disabled people? Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 40(6), 499–521. https://doi.org/10.1177/019372351665558010.1177/0193723516655580 Search in Google Scholar

Bush, A., Silk, M., Porter, J., & Howe, P. D. (2013). Disability [sport] and discourse: Stories within the Paralympic legacy. Reflective Practice, 14(5), 632–647. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2013.83572110.1080/14623943.2013.835721 Search in Google Scholar

Campbell, F. K. (2009). Contours of ableism: the production of disability and abledness. London: Palgrave MacMillan.10.1057/9780230245181 Search in Google Scholar

Dane-Staples, E., Lieberman, L., Ratcliff, J., & Rounds, K. (2013). Bullying experiences of individuals with visual impairment: the mitigating role of sport participation. Journal of Sport Behavior, 36(4), 365–386. Search in Google Scholar

Darcy, S. (2018). The paralympic movement: a small number of behemoths overwhelming a large number of also-rans – a pyramid built on quicksand? Brittain & Beacom (Eds.), Handbook of Paralympic Studies, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 218–246. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-47901-310.1057/978-1-137-47901-3 Search in Google Scholar

Davis, L. J., Sanchez, R., & Luft, A. (2021). The disability studies reader. The Disability Studies Reader. https://doi.org/10.4324/978100308258310.4324/9781003082583 Search in Google Scholar

dos Santos, A. D. P., Ferrari, A. L. M., Medola, F. O., & Sandnes, F. E. (2022). Aesthetics and the perceived stigma of assistive technology for visual impairment. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 17(2), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2020.176830810.1080/17483107.2020.176830832501732 Search in Google Scholar

Francisco, R., & Marques, R. (2016). A contribuição dos Jogos Paralímpicos para a promoção da inclusão social : o discurso midiático como um obstáculo [The contribution of the Paralympic Games to the promotion of social inclusion: the media discourse as an obstacle]. Revista USP [USP Journal], n. 107, 87–96.10.11606/issn.2316-9036.v0i108p87-96 Search in Google Scholar

Fujioka, Y. (1999). Portrayals and African – of television effects when direct. J&MC Quarterly, 76(1), 52–75.10.1177/107769909907600105 Search in Google Scholar

Gaudenzi, P., & Ortega, F. (2016). Problematizando o conceito de deficiência a partir das noções de autonomia e normalidade [Questioning the concept of disability based on the notions of autonomy and normality]. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva [Science & Collective Health], 21(10), 3061–3070. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320152110.1664201610.1590/1413-812320152110.1664201627783779 Search in Google Scholar

Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Erving Goffman. Penguin Brooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/978042943132610.4324/9780429431326 Search in Google Scholar

Harwood, J., Qadar, F., & Chen, C. Y. (2016). Harmonious contact: stories about intergroup musical collaboration improve intergroup attitudes. Journal of Communication, 66(6), 937–959. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.1226110.1111/jcom.12261 Search in Google Scholar

Herek, G. M. (2007). Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: Theory and practice. Journal of Social Issues, 63(4), 905–925. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00544.x10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00544.x Search in Google Scholar

Hilgemberg, T. (2014). Primeiro o esporte, depois a deficiência? Análise da cobertura midiática dos Jogos Paralímpicos de 2012 [First sport, then disability? Analysis of the media coverage of the Paralympics Games 2012], Intercom – Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação [Intercom – Brazilian Society for Interdisciplinary Communication Studies]. 1–14. Search in Google Scholar

Hilgemberg, T. (2021). Corpos abjetos : a repercussão do ensaio da paratleta Camille Rodrigues na Playboy [Abject bodies: the repercussion of Camille Rodrigues’ photoshoot on Playboy magazine]. Logos, 28(2), 55–71. Search in Google Scholar

Hodges, C. E. M., Jackson, D., Scullion, R., Thompson, S., & Molesworth, M. (2014). Tracking changes in everyday experiences of disability and disability sport within the context of the 2012 London Paralympics. Retrived from http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21596/1/ParaReport.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Hopkins, P. D. (2008). A moral vision for transhumanism. Journal of Evolution and Technology, 19(1), 3–7. https://jet-press.org/v19/hopkins.htm Search in Google Scholar

Hunt, P. A. (1966). Stigma: the experience of disability. London: Geoffrey Chapman. Search in Google Scholar

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2012). Censo demográfico (2010). Características gerais da população, religião e pessoas com deficiência [General characteristics of the population, religion and people with disabilities]. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) [Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)]. Avaliabre in: http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/orcfam/default.asp Search in Google Scholar

Kearney, S., Brittain, I., & Kipnis, E. (2019). “Superdisabilities” vs “disabilities”? Theorizing the role of ableism in (mis)representational mythology of disability in the marketplace. Consumption Markets & Culture, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2018.156270110.1080/10253866.2018.1562701 Search in Google Scholar

Kolotouchkina, O., Llorente-Barroso, C., García-Guardia, M. L., & Pavón, J. (2021). Disability, sport, and television: Media visibility and representation of paralympic games in news programs. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1301025610.3390/su13010256 Search in Google Scholar

Kong, L., Gao, Z., Xu, N., Shao, S., Ma, H., He, Q., Zhang, D., Xu, H., & Qu, H. (2020). The relation between self-stigma and loneliness in visually impaired college students: Self-acceptance as mediator. Disability and Health Journal, 14(2), 101054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.10105410.1016/j.dhjo.2020.10105433358607 Search in Google Scholar

Legood, R., Scuffham, P., & Cryer, C. (2002). Are we blind to injuries in the visually impaired? A review of the literature. Injury Prevention, 8(2), 155–160. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.8.2.15510.1136/ip.8.2.155173086412120837 Search in Google Scholar

Lemmer, G., & Wagner, U. (2005). Can we really reduce ethnic prejudice outside the lab? A meta-analysis of direct and indirect contact interventions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 72(1), 92–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.207910.1002/ejsp.2079 Search in Google Scholar

Magalhães, R. de C. B. P., & Cardoso, A. P. L. B. (2010). A pessoa com deficiência e a crise das identidades na contemporaneidade [People with disability and identity crisis in contemporary times]. Cadernos de Pesquisa [Research Notebooks], 40(139), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-1574201000010000310.1590/S0100-15742010000100003 Search in Google Scholar

Marmeleira, J. F. F., Fernandes, J. M. G. de A., Ribeiro, N. C., Teixeira, J. de A., & Gutierres Filho, P. J. B. (2018). Barriers to physical activity among people with visual impairment. Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Do Esporte, 40(2), 197–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2017.12.00110.1016/j.rbce.2017.12.001 Search in Google Scholar

Martín, R., & Vega Fuente, A. (1999). Los medios ante la discapacidad: más allá de los estereotipos [The media in the face of disability: beyond stereotypes]. Comunicar [To communicate], 6(12), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.3916/2525010.3916/C12-1999-17 Search in Google Scholar

Martins, J. A.., & Barsaglini, R. A.. (2011). Aspects of identity in the experience of physical disabilities: A social-anthropological view. Interface: Communication, Health, Education, 15(36), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1414-3283201000500004310.1590/S1414-32832010005000043 Search in Google Scholar

Martins, J. A., Merighi, M. A. B., Jesus, M. C. P. de, & Watanabe, H. A. W. (2018). Aging with physical disabilities: experience intersected by stigma, social isolation and finitude. Escola Anna Nery, 22(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2018-012810.1590/2177-9465-ean-2018-0128 Search in Google Scholar

Massey, Z. B., Wong, N. C. H., & Barbati, J. L. (2021). Meeting the (Trans)parent: test of parasocial contact with trans-gender characters on reducing stigma toward transgender people. Communication Studies, 72(2), 232–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2021.187612510.1080/10510974.2021.1876125 Search in Google Scholar

McPherson, G., O’Donnell, H., McGillivray, D., & Misener, L. (2016). Elite athletes or superstars? Media representation of para-athletes at the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games. Disability and Society, 31(5), 659–675. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2016.119782310.1080/09687599.2016.1197823 Search in Google Scholar

Mello, A. G. de, Carniel, F., & Block, P. (2021). Quem escreve pela deficiência na sociologia brasileira? [Who writes for disability in Brazilian Social Theory?] Contemporânea – Revista de Sociologia da UFSCar [Contemporânea – UFSCar Journal of Sociology ], 11(2), 490–525. https://doi.org/10.4322/2316-1329.202100110.4322/2316-1329.2021001 Search in Google Scholar

Nelson, J. A. (1994). The Disabled, the media, and the information age. Westport, Conn : Greenwood Press. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.8745410.47197/retos.v42i0.87454 Search in Google Scholar

Oliveira, A. P. V. de, Poffo, B. N., & Souza, D. L. de. (2019). “É melhor ser super-herói do que ser a vítima”: um estudo sobre a percepção de atletas e ex-atletas com deficiência visual sobre a cobertura midiática [Better a superhero than a victim’: a study about perceptions by athletes and former athletes with visual impairment about media coverage]. Movimento [Movement] (ESEFID/UFRGS), 24(4), 1179. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.8423710.22456/1982-8918.84237 Search in Google Scholar

Oliver, M. (2004). The social model in action: if I had a hammer. Implementing the Social Model of Disability: Theory and Research, 32(2), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.1249710.1111/bioe.1249730106163 Search in Google Scholar

Ortiz, M., & Harwood, J. (2007). A social cognitive theory approach to the effects of mediated intergroup contact on intergroup attitudes. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 51(4), 615–631. https://doi.org/10.1080/0883815070162648710.1080/08838150701626487 Search in Google Scholar

Paolini, S., Harwood, J., & Rubin, M. (2010). Negative intergroup contact makes group memberships salient: Explaining why intergroup conflict endures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(12), 1723–1738. https://doi.org/10.1177/014616721038866710.1177/014616721038866721051766 Search in Google Scholar

Park, S. Y. (2012). Mediated Intergroup Contact: Concept Explication, Synthesis, and Application. Mass Communication and Society, 15(1), 136–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2011.55880410.1080/15205436.2011.558804 Search in Google Scholar

Pérez-Garín, D., Recio, P., & Molero, F. (2021). Consequences of perceived personal and group discrimination against people with hearing and visual impairments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9064.10.3390/ijerph18179064843057934501653 Search in Google Scholar

Pérez-Garín, D., Recio, P., Magallares, A., Molero, F., & García-Ael, C. (2018). Perceived Discrimination and Emotional Reactions in People with Different Types of Disabilities: A Qualitative Approach. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 21(12), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2018.1310.1017/sjp.2018.1329759090 Search in Google Scholar

Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediatorsy. European Journal of Social Psychology Eur., 38(6), 922–934. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.50410.1002/ejsp.504 Search in Google Scholar

Ploeg, H. P. van der, Beek, A. J. van der B., Woude, L. H. V. van der, & Mechelen, W. van. (2004). Physical activity for people with a disability. Sports Med, 34(10), 639–649. https://doi.org/10.31128/AJGP-09-19-506010.31128/AJGP-09-19-506032233342 Search in Google Scholar

Poffo, B. N., Velasco, A. P., Kugler, A. G., Furtado, S., Dos Santos, S. M., Fermino, A. L., & De Souza, D. L. (2017). Mídia e Jogos Paralímpicos no Brasil: investigando estigmas na cobertura jornalística da Folha de S. Paulo [Media and Paralympic Games in Brazil: investigating stigma in Folha de S. Paulo’s coverage]. Movimento [Movement], 23(4), 1353–1366. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.6794510.22456/1982-8918.67945 Search in Google Scholar

Quinn, D. M., Williams, M. K., Quintana, F., Gaskins, J. L., Overstreet, N. M., Pishori, A., Earnshaw, V. A., Perez, G., & Chaudoir, S. R. (2014). Examining effects of anticipated stigma, centrality, salience, internalization, and outness on psychological distress for people with concealable stigmatized identities. PLoS One, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.009697710.1371/journal.pone.0096977401620124817189 Search in Google Scholar

Ramasubramanian, S., & Costantini, R. (2020). Intergroup Contact. Jan Van den Bulck (Eds.). The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119011071.iemp020410.1002/9781119011071.iemp0204 Search in Google Scholar

Saleem, M., & Anderson, C. A. (2013). Arabs as terrorists: effects of stereotypes within violent contexts on attitudes, perceptions, and affect. Psychology of Violence, 3(1), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1037/a003003810.1037/a0030038 Search in Google Scholar

Schiappa, E., Gregg, P. B., & Hewes, D. E. (2005). The parasocial contact hypothesis. Communication Monographs, 72(1), 92–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/036377505200034254410.1080/0363775052000342544 Search in Google Scholar

Seron, B. B., Arruda, G. A. De, & Greguol, M. (2015). Facilitadores e barreiras percebidas para a prática de atividade física por pessoas com deficiência motora [Perceived facilitators and barreirs to physical activity for people with disabilities]. Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Do Esporte [Brazilian Journal of Sports Sciences], 37(3), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2013.09.00310.1016/j.rbce.2013.09.003 Search in Google Scholar

Shakespeare, T. (2010). The Social Model of Disability. New York: The Disability Studies Reader, 266–273. Search in Google Scholar

Silva, C. F., & Howe, P. D. (2012). The (in)validity of supercrip representation of paralympian athletes. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 36(2), 174–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/019372351143386510.1177/0193723511433865 Search in Google Scholar

Silva, L. M. da. (2006). O estranhamento causado pela deficiência: preconceito e experiência [The estrangement caused by disability: prejudice and experience]. Revista Brasileira de Educação [Brazilian Journal of Education], 11(33), 424–434. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-2478200600030000410.1590/S1413-24782006000300004 Search in Google Scholar

Smith-Chandler, N., & Swart, E. (2014). In their own voices: Methodological considerations in narrative disability research. Qualitative Health Research, 24(3), 420–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/104973231452384110.1177/104973231452384124572012 Search in Google Scholar

Souza, D. L., & Brittain, I. (2020). The Rio 2016 Paralympic Games: The Visibility of People With Disabilities in Brazil as a Possible Legacy. Communication and Sport, 10(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/216747952094273910.1177/2167479520942739 Search in Google Scholar

Souza, D. L., Colere, J., & Vieira, Y. V. (2021). O contato com o esporte paralímpico como um meio para a mudança de percepção [Contact with Paralympic sport as a means to change children’s perception of people with disabilities]. Retos, 20(41), 396–405. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.8745410.47197/retos.v42i0.87454 Search in Google Scholar

Titchkosky, T., & Michalko, R. (2009). Rethinking Normalcy: A Disability Studies Reader. Canadian Scholars’Press, 354. Search in Google Scholar

Vieira, Y. V., Colere, J., & Souza, D. L. (2021). Facilitadores e barreiras para a prática esportiva por parte de atletas com comprometimentos no Brasil [Facilitators and barriers for sports practice by athletes with impairments in Brazil]. Retos, 41, 812–822. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v41i0.8549710.47197/retos.v41i0.85497 Search in Google Scholar

Wahat, N. W. A., Ahrari, S., D’Silva, J. L., Mohamed, N., & Hassan, S. A. (2021). Validity and reliability of a self-acceptance scale for youth with physical disabilities. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29, 57–75. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.s1.0410.47836/pjssh.29.s1.04 Search in Google Scholar

Wendell, S. (1989). Toward a feminist theory of disability. Sherwin, S.; Parish, B. Women, Medicine, Ethics and the Law, 373–394. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003073789-1810.4324/9781003073789-18 Search in Google Scholar

Wojcieszak, M., & Azrout, R. (2016). I saw you in the news: mediated and direct intergroup contact improves outgroup attitudes. Journal of Communication, 66(6), 1032–1060. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.1226610.1111/jcom.12266 Search in Google Scholar

World Health Organization. (2011). Summary: World report on disability 2011. World Health, 1–24 www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html%0Ahttp://www.larchetoronto.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/launch-of-World-Report-on-Disability-Jan-27-121.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, L., & Haller, B. (2013). Consuming image: how mass media impact the identity of people with disabilities. Communication Quarterly, 61(3), 319–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2013.77698810.1080/01463373.2013.776988 Search in Google Scholar