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Innovative approaches to productivity monitoring: Integrating work sampling and electronic performance monitoring

Diego Calvetti

Diego Calvetti

CONSTRUCT/GEQUALTEC, Faculty of Engineering, University of PortoPorto, Portugal
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Calvetti, Diego
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Miguel Luiz Ribeiro Ferreira

Miguel Luiz Ribeiro Ferreira

School of Engineering, Federal Fluminense UniversityNiterói, Brazil
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Ferreira, Miguel Luiz Ribeiro
  
24 lip 2025
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Kategoria artykułu: Research Article
Data publikacji: 24 lip 2025
Zakres stron: 121 - 136
Otrzymano: 30 sie 2024
Przyjęty: 29 kwi 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2025-0009
Słowa kluczowe
© 2025 Diego Calvetti et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1:

Research method.
Research method.

Fig. 2:

Welders use smartphones, and researchers conduct the WS. WS, work sampling.
Welders use smartphones, and researchers conduct the WS. WS, work sampling.

Fig. 3:

Productive zones are a concept related to workers’ occupations. IZ, idle zone; MZ, mixed zone; PZ, production zone.
Productive zones are a concept related to workers’ occupations. IZ, idle zone; MZ, mixed zone; PZ, production zone.

Fig. 4:

Schematic representation flow of the EPM process conducted. EPM, electronic performance monitoring.
Schematic representation flow of the EPM process conducted. EPM, electronic performance monitoring.

Fig. 5:

PDF: (a) EPZ; (b) EIZ. EIZ, electronic factor of the idle zone; EPZ, electronic factor of the production zone.
PDF: (a) EPZ; (b) EIZ. EIZ, electronic factor of the idle zone; EPZ, electronic factor of the production zone.

Fig. 6:

The PDF: (a) LRF-PDF (Calvetti and Ferreira 2018); (b) IRF-PDF (Calvetti and Ferreira 2018). IRF, idleness rating factor; LRF, labour rating factor.
The PDF: (a) LRF-PDF (Calvetti and Ferreira 2018); (b) IRF-PDF (Calvetti and Ferreira 2018). IRF, idleness rating factor; LRF, labour rating factor.

Fig. 7:

Probability distribution functions of EPZ and LRF comparison. EPZ, electronic factor of the production zone; LRF, labour rating factor.
Probability distribution functions of EPZ and LRF comparison. EPZ, electronic factor of the production zone; LRF, labour rating factor.

Fig. 8:

Calibration abacus EPZ to LRF. EPZ, electronic factor of the production zone; LRF, labour rating factor.
Calibration abacus EPZ to LRF. EPZ, electronic factor of the production zone; LRF, labour rating factor.

Adrian (2004), confidence limits

Sample sizes (95% confidence limits)
Category proportion (%) Limits of error (%)
1 3 5 7 10
50 9,600 1,067 384 196 96
40/60 9,216 1,024 369 188 92
30/70 8,064 896 323 165 81
20/80 6,144 683 246 125 61
10/90 3,456 384 138 71 35
1/99 380 42 15 8 4

Work sampling of the non-productive state

Non-productive state Observations Percentage (%)
Walking 666 41.86
Human physical conditions 337 21.18
Waiting for the crane operation 239 15.02
Management, health and safety meetings 152 9.55
Awaiting quality inspection 81 5.09
No joints released to start welding 53 3.33
No welding machine or defective machine 51 3.21
Interruption of activities due to the tubes Rigging 12 0.75
Total 1,591 100.00

Work sampling of the productive state

Productive state Observations Percentage (%)
Welding 1,070 53.88
Grinding 430 21.65
Closing activities, organising and cleaning the workplace 164 8.26
Evaluating the task 114 5.74
Changing diffusers/torch-nozzle or tungsten sharpening 75 3.78
Spool adjustments and alignments 70 3.52
Recording the signet (Id) 32 1.61
Closing spool openings to purge 24 1.21
Cleaning the work area 7 0.35
Total 1,986 100.00
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
1 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Inżynieria, Wstępy i przeglądy, Inżynieria, inne
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