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Potentially Harmful Elements Content in Soil and Stream Sediments in Southwestern Districts of Katowice (Southern Poland) – Geochemical Record of Historical Industrial Plants’ Activity


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Figure 1.

The sampling area: A. Poland’s location in Europe; B. Sampling locations
The sampling area: A. Poland’s location in Europe; B. Sampling locations

Figure 2.

Geological map accordi ng to Detailed geological map of Poland 1:50,000 Zabrze sheet [Wyczółkowski 1957]
Geological map accordi ng to Detailed geological map of Poland 1:50,000 Zabrze sheet [Wyczółkowski 1957]

Figure 3.

Location of zinc smelter “Victor” an d “Ida” ironworks [according to Degenhardt, 1870]
Location of zinc smelter “Victor” an d “Ida” ironworks [according to Degenhardt, 1870]

Figure 4.

Contamination factor (CF) values in soil (n=271)
Contamination factor (CF) values in soil (n=271)

Figure 5.

Geoaccumulation index values in soils
Geoaccumulation index values in soils

Figure 6.

Geoaccumulation index values in stream sediments
Geoaccumulation index values in stream sediments

Figure 7.

Threshold effect concentration (TEC) in stream sediments
Threshold effect concentration (TEC) in stream sediments

Figure 8.

Probable effect concentration (PEC) in stream sediments
Probable effect concentration (PEC) in stream sediments

Figure 9.

Content of arsenic in topsoil and stream sediments
Content of arsenic in topsoil and stream sediments

Figure 10.

Content of cadmium in topsoil and stream sediments
Content of cadmium in topsoil and stream sediments

Figure 11.

Content of zinc in topsoil and stream sediments
Content of zinc in topsoil and stream sediments

Principal Component Analysis (Varimax raw factor model) for topsoils; marked loads >0.7

Element Topsoil
F1 F2 F3 F4
Ag, As, Cd, Pb, Zn Co, Cr, Fe, Mn Ba, Sr Hg

Ag 0.88 −0.04 0.10 0.16

As 0.95 0.11 0.07 −0.06

Ba 0.26 0.23 0.80 0.21

Cd 0.83 0.13 0.19 0.21

Co 0.08 0.87 0.09 0.06

Cr 0.04 0.70 0.35 −0.01

Cu 0.31 0.23 0.64 −0.19

Fe 0.24 0.74 0.51 −0.03

Hg 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.84

Mn 0.14 0.79 −0.03 0.07

Ni 0.19 0.68 0.55 0.06

Pb 0.90 0.17 0.15 0.15

S 0.67 0.17 0.21 −0.33

Sr 0.10 0.13 0.89 0.01

Zn 0.84 0.16 0.18 −0.16

Variance % 31.07 20.97 17.90 6.82

Cumulative % 76.76

Statistical parameters of chemical element content in soils (n= 271)

Element/parameter Detection limit Min Max Median Mean *Regional geochemical background (median) St. dev. Coefficient of variation CV %
Ag mg/kg 1 <1 5.2 0.5 0.5 <1 0.3 62
As mg/kg 3 <3 303.6 6.6 11.0 6 23.7 213
Ba mg/kg 1 10.0 1,045.4 134.0 175.9 59 150.6 86
Cd mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 78.0 2.0 3.5 2 6.8 193
Co mg/kg 1 <1 25.2 3.3 4.6 2 4.3 94
Cr mg/kg 1 <1 109.1 12.8 15.2 8 11.3 75
Cu mg/kg 1 1.6 279.1 19.6 27.2 9 29.5 109
Fe % 0.01 0.04 4.44 0.98 1.12 0.69 0.75 67
Hg mg/kg 0.02 0.03 4.49 0.08 0.12 0.05 0.28 229
Mn mg/kg 2 4.4 3,505.8 355.2 441.5 242 435.4 99
Ni mg/kg 1 <1 52.2 9.2 12.0 6 9.6 80
Pb mg/kg 2 7.5 2,485.2 95.9 161.9 72 236.8 146
S % 0.003 0.003 0.792 0.033 0.042 0.022 0.055 131
Sr mg/kg 1 1.2 287.7 20.0 31.3 9 35.5 113 4
Zn mg/kg 1 10.3 11,026.1 264.5 442.5 164 908.2 205
pH 4.3 8.8 7.2 6.8 6.74 1.2 18

Consensus-Based TEC and PEC values according to MacDonald et al. (2000)

As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn
TEC 9.79 0.99 43.4 31.6 0.18 22.7 35.8 121
PEC 33.0 4.98 111 149 1.06 48.6 128 459

Statistical parameters of chemical element content in stream sediments (n= 58)

Element Detection limit Min Max Median Mean *Regional geochemical background (median) St. dev. Coefficient of variation CV %
Ag mg/kg 1 <1 3 <1 <1 <1 <1 84
As mg/kg 3 <3 99 11.5 19.4 8.0 20.9 108
Ba mg/kg 1 20 427 124 136 97 91 67
Cd mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 202 7 19 4 35 183
Co mg/kg 1 <1 84 5 9 5 13 144
Cr mg/kg 1 3 452 18 26 12 58 219
Cu mg/kg 1 5 205 35 46 18 41 89
Fe % 0.01 0.10 18.85 1.28 1.83 1.33 2.54 139
Hg mg/kg 0.05 <0.05 6.04 0.09 0.31 0.09 0.84 275
Mn mg/kg 2 17 7,561 365 724 300 1,103 152
Ni mg/kg 1 3 152 14 22 12 24 110
Pb mg/kg 2 13 847 128 179 83 157 88
S % 0.003 0.029 5.143 0.222 0.465 0.161 0.797 172
Sr mg/kg 1 3 332 22 34 26 46 137
Zn mg/kg 1 69 9,614 815 1,546 447 1,950 126

Principal Component Analysis (Varimax raw factor model) in stream sediments; marked loads >0.7

Element Stream sediments
F1 F2 F3 F4
Cr, Mn Ag, As, Cd, Pb, Zn Co, Ni, S Fe

Ag −0.03 0.85 −0.04 −0.13

As 0.01 0.72 −0.02 0.60

Ba 0.69 0.02 −0.29 −0.01

Cd 0.00 0.85 0.12 0.02

Co 0.11 −0.02 0.95 0.07

Cr 0.91 0.05 0.04 0.06

Cu 0.69 0.32 0.46 −0.10

Fe 0.09 0.12 0.22 0.79

Hg −0.10 0.25 −0.04 −0.51

Mn 0.85 −0.08 0.22 0.13

Ni 0.17 0.11 0.94 0.07

Pb 0.35 0.75 0.24 0.23

S −0.06 0.26 0.89 0.08

Sr 0.44 0.23 0.47 −0.15

Zn 0.04 0.90 0.26 0.00

Variance % 19.22 24.41 22.24 9.20

Cumulative % 75.07
eISSN:
2353-8589
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Life Sciences, Ecology