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Chemical and radiochemical characterization of phosphogypsum from Poland

Linda Maina
Linda Maina
, 
Katarzyna Kiegiel
Katarzyna Kiegiel
, 
Ewelina Chajduk
Ewelina Chajduk
 oraz 
Grażyna Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz
Grażyna Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz
   | 25 cze 2024
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Article Category: Original Paper
Data publikacji: 25 cze 2024
Zakres stron: 113 - 117
Otrzymano: 15 lis 2023
Przyjęty: 07 mar 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2024-0016
Słowa kluczowe
© 2024 Linda Maina et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

(a) Phosphogypsum waste stack of the former Wizów Chemical Plant in Poland. (b) Phosphogypsum sampling points. (c) Raw sample of phosphogypsum. (d) Dried phosphogypsum.
(a) Phosphogypsum waste stack of the former Wizów Chemical Plant in Poland. (b) Phosphogypsum sampling points. (c) Raw sample of phosphogypsum. (d) Dried phosphogypsum.

Fig. 2.

Illustration of phosphogypsum sample laboratory preparation steps for analysis.
Illustration of phosphogypsum sample laboratory preparation steps for analysis.

Fig. 3.

Activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 238U, and 40K in Wizów’s phosphogypsum sample.
Activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 238U, and 40K in Wizów’s phosphogypsum sample.

The content of selected metals in Wizów’s phosphogypsum

Elements Concentration (mg/kg) Elements Concentration (mg/kg)
Antimony 0.12–0.15 Manganese 22.96–25.18
Arsenic 4.76–5.23 Molybdenum 2.14–2.36
Barium 476.3–522.5 Neodymium 685.9–752.5
Beryllium 0.27–0.31 Nickel 12.54–13.75
Cadmium 0.06–0.08 Praseodymium 200.5–220.0
Cerium 2036–2234 Samarium 97.4–106.8
Cobalt 3.35–3.69 Selenium 6.46–7.10
Copper 19.77–21.69 Silver 0.61–0.67
Dysprosium 41.92–45.97 Terbium 10.23–11.23
Erbium 15.45–16.95 Thallium 0.01–0.02
Europium 26.98–29.58 Thorium 9.92–10.88
Gadolinium 117.2–128.6 Thulium 1.21–1.32
Holmium 6.26–6.87 Uranium 0.67–0.72
Iron 1024–1124 Vanadium 12.27–13.46
Lanthanum 1408–1545 Ytterbium 5.46–5.99
Lead 3.36–3.72 Zinc 14.57–15.99
Lutetium 0.54–0.61

The content of radionuclides in phosphogypsum sample related to sea sand as natural background

Isotope Energy (keV) Combined activity ± uncertainty (Bq/kg) A/Abackground
214Pb 53.2, 241.9, 258.8, 351.9 2.13 ± 0.004 2.7
214Bi 79.7, 609.3, 768.4, 934.1 1.33 ± 0.001 2.5
208Tl 84.9 1.25 ± 0.002 1.9
212Pb 87.3, 115.2, 238.6 1.16 ± 0.004 2.1
235U 89.95, 93.9, 109.2, 185.7 0.192 ± 0.011 1.48
228Ac 99.5, 129.1, 129.1, 153.9, 199, 209.2 5.76 ± 0.068 1.8
40K 1460.8 0.132 ± 0.001 3.0

Comparison of the radioactivity of phosphogypsum collected from the former Wizów Chemical Plant, Poland, to phosphogypsum from other countries

Country/Radioisotope Activity concentration (Bq/kg)
226Ra 232Th 238U 40K Reference
Spain 670 2 220 39 [13]
Egypt 459 40 140 2 [14]
USA (Florida) 1140 2 130 14 [15]
Tunisia 188 2 600 3 [16]
Serbia 600 3 – 47 [16]
Croatia 811 8 – 13 [16]
Czech Republic 115 31 – 95 [16]
Morocco 160 20 190 10 [17]
Togo 100 13 150 3 [16]
Greece 573 2.2 29 562.4 [18]
Worldwide range 162–5126 2.1–35.2 15–60 15–1410 [17, 18]
Poland, Wizów 77.44 25.96 4.73 0.13 Current study
eISSN:
1508-5791
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Chemistry, Nuclear Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, other
Kanał RSS czasopisma