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American media, Scandinavian audiences: Contextual fragmentation and polarisation among Swedes and Norwegians engaging with American politics

Jessica Yarin Robinson

Jessica Yarin Robinson

Department of Media and Communication, University of OsloNorway
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Robinson, Jessica Yarin
  
12 mar 2024
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Data publikacji: 12 mar 2024
Zakres stron: 120 - 151
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2024-0010
Słowa kluczowe
© 2024 Jessica Yarin Robinson, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

FIGURE 1

Duplication and fragmentationSource: adapted from Webster, 2005
Duplication and fragmentationSource: adapted from Webster, 2005

FIGURE 2A

Norway’s Norwegian-language media network
Norway’s Norwegian-language media network

FIGURE 2B

Sweden’s Swedish-language media network
Sweden’s Swedish-language media network

FIGURE 2C

Norway’s English-language media network
Norway’s English-language media network

FIGURE 2D

Sweden’s English-language media networkComments: Figures 2a–d illustrate the way different media outlets are connected each other based on the users that share them. Each country has been separated into the national language (Nor-Nor and Swe-Swe) and English (Nor-Eng and Swe-Eng) based on the language of the tweet. Networks are visualised using the Fruchterman Reingold algorithm in Gephi. In the English language networks, the 25 most well-connected outlets are labelled to ensure readability.
Sweden’s English-language media networkComments: Figures 2a–d illustrate the way different media outlets are connected each other based on the users that share them. Each country has been separated into the national language (Nor-Nor and Swe-Swe) and English (Nor-Eng and Swe-Eng) based on the language of the tweet. Networks are visualised using the Fruchterman Reingold algorithm in Gephi. In the English language networks, the 25 most well-connected outlets are labelled to ensure readability.

FIGURE 3A

Norway’s Norwegian-language media network, with modularity classes
Norway’s Norwegian-language media network, with modularity classes

FIGURE 3B

Sweden’s Swedish-language media network, with modularity classes
Sweden’s Swedish-language media network, with modularity classes

FIGURE 3C

Norway’s English-language media network, with modularity classes
Norway’s English-language media network, with modularity classes

FIGURE 3D

Sweden’s English-language media network, with modularity classesComments: In Figures 3a–d, the media networks from Figures 2a–d have been restructured using the ForceAtlas 2 algorithm, which better visualises divisions in the network. Distinct communities or “modularity classes” have been colourised.
Sweden’s English-language media network, with modularity classesComments: In Figures 3a–d, the media networks from Figures 2a–d have been restructured using the ForceAtlas 2 algorithm, which better visualises divisions in the network. Distinct communities or “modularity classes” have been colourised.

FIGURE 4A

Norway’s Norwegian-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations
Norway’s Norwegian-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations

FIGURE 4B

Sweden’s Swedish-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations
Sweden’s Swedish-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations

FIGURE 4C

Sweden’s English-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations
Sweden’s English-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlations

FIGURE 4D

Norway’s English-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlationsComments: Figures 4a–d illustrate the relationship between the different modularity classes of media and the political orientation of the users who shared media outlets within these classes. The strength of correlation (V) shows the level of audience polarisation in each country–language group. The colours of the bars correspond to the colours of the modularity classes in Figures 3a–d.
Norway’s English-language media network, with modularity class and political orientation correlationsComments: Figures 4a–d illustrate the relationship between the different modularity classes of media and the political orientation of the users who shared media outlets within these classes. The strength of correlation (V) shows the level of audience polarisation in each country–language group. The colours of the bars correspond to the colours of the modularity classes in Figures 3a–d.

Summaries of country–language media networks

Nor-Nor Nor-Eng Swe-Swe Swe-Eng
Size: Outlets 21 139 20 104
Size: Ties 140 7,759 163 4,714
Duplication (density) .67 .81 .86 .88
Modularity .10 .24 .05 .23
Diameter 2 2 2 2
Transitivity .81 .89 .90 .92
Centralisation .31 .19 .16 .12
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
2 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Nauki społeczne, Nauka o komunikacji, Komunikacja publiczna i polityczna, Komunikacja masowa
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