Intercept | −2.0857 | 4.0026 | −0.521 | |
Form | Secondary 1st | Baseline | ||
Secondary 2nd | 2.213 | 2.131 | 1.038 | |
Secondary 3rd | −0.337 | 1.614 | −0.209 | |
Program | SS | Baseline | ||
Other | 0.642 | 1.582 | 0.406 | |
EC | 1.246 | 1.982 | 0.628 | |
AS | 3.010 | 1.190 | 2.530 |
|
NA | 3.789 | 2.240 | 1.691( |
|
Sourcing in school | 0.0208 | 0.202 | 0.103 | |
Credibility importance | 0.468 | 0.414 | 1.131 | |
Internet info reliability | −0.131 | 0.568 | −0.230 | |
Fact-checking ability | 0.410 | 0.439 | 0.934 | |
Language home | Yes | Baseline | ||
No | −1.551 | 0.993 | −1.562 |
Intercept | −0.868 | 1.401 | −0.620 | |
Form | Secondary 1st | Baseline | ||
Secondary 2nd | −0.588 | 0.577 | −1.019 | |
Secondary 3rd | 0.172 | 0.404 | 0.426 | |
Sourcing in school | 0.0990 | 0.101 | 0.984 | |
Credibility importance | 0.543 | 0.229 | 2.368 |
|
Internet info reliability | −0.0687 | 0.248 | −0.276 | |
Fact-checking ability | −0.687 | 0.224 | −3.060 |
|
Language home | Yes | Baseline | ||
No | −0.0453 | 0.376 | −0.121 | |
Party score | −0.278 | 0.690 | −0.402 | |
Gender | Other identity | Baseline | ||
Girl | −0.157 | 0.585 | −0.268 | |
Boy | −0.608 | 0.647 | −0.940 |
Intercept | −2.005 | 3.679 | −0.545 | |
Form | Secondary 1st | Baseline | ||
Secondary 2nd | 3.178 | 2.365 | 1.344 | |
Secondary 3rd | 0.119 | 2.0185 | −0.059 | |
Program | SS | Baseline | ||
Other | 0.858 | 1.737 | 0.446 | |
EC | 1.0355 | 2.321 | −1.256 | |
AS | 2.882 | 1.280 | 2.251 |
|
NA | 1.995 | 2.340 | 0.853 | |
Sourcing in school | 0.263 | 0.152 | 1.729 ( |
|
Credibility importance | −0.295 | 0.356 | −0.827 | |
Internet info reliability | −0.598 | 0.431 | −1.388 | |
Fact-checking ability | −0.0434 | 0.380 | −0.114 | |
Language home | Yes | Baseline | ||
No | 0.299 | 0.649 | 0.460 | |
Party score | −0.658 | 1.225 | −0.538 | |
Gender | Other identity | Baseline | ||
Girl | 2.415 | 1.218 | 1.983 |
|
Boy | 1.652 | 1.295 | 1.259 |
Intercept | 2.106 | 2.609 | 0.807 | |
Sourcing in school | −0.0521 | 0.120 | −0.261 | |
Credibility importance | 1.100 | 0.421 | 2.391 |
|
Internet info reliability | −1.556 | 0.485 | −2.382 |
|
Fact-checking ability | 0.0412 | 0.465 | 0.009 | |
Language home | Yes | Baseline | ||
No | −0.204 | 0.755 | −0.271 | |
Party score | −0.650 | 1.291 | −0.504 |
Intercept | 2.579 | 2.380 | 1.084 | |
Sourcing in school | 0.109 | 0.146 | 0.748 | |
Credibility importance | 0.570 | 0.344 | 1.655( |
|
Internet info reliability | 0.228 | 0.372 | 0.612 | |
Fact-checking ability | −1.280 | 0.490 | −2.613 |
|
Language home | Yes | Baseline | ||
No | 0.345 | 0.604 | 0.571 | |
Party score | −0.210 | 0.977 | −0.215 |
Intercept | −3.488 | 1.914 | −1.822 | |
Form | Secondary 1st | Baseline | ||
Secondary 2nd | −0.110 | 0.611 | −0.181 | |
Secondary 3rd | 0.488 | 0.540 | 0.904 | |
Primary 9th | −1.138 | 1.0761 | −1.058 | |
Sourcing in school | −0.135 | 0.115 | −1.172 | |
Credibility importance | 0.406 | 0.266 | 1.528 | |
Internet info reliability | 0.472 | 0.301 | 1.567 | |
Fact-checking ability | 0.108 | 0.294 | 0.367 | |
Language home | Yes | Baseline | ||
No | −0.936 | 0.443 | −2.114 |
|
Party score | 0.296 | 0.801 | 0.369 | |
Gender | Other identity | Baseline | ||
Girl | −0.334 | 0.834 | −0.401 | |
Boy | −0.500 | 0.848 | −0.590 |
Background variables | Gender (girl/boy/other identity) Since participants were allowed to choose more than one party, we calculated a normalized mean score that spans from 0–1, where 0 represents the most right-winged party (SD) and 1 represents the most left-winged party (V). All parties in between those are given a score based on their position (0–7) on the spectrum (SD-V) divided by 7. |
Preferred news | Preferred news format(s) (e.g. paper news, radio etc.) |
Self-rated abilities | Source criticism on the Internet (fact-checking ability) |
Information credibility | Importance of news credibility (credibility importance) |
Sourcing in education | Source critical evaluation in education (sourcing in education) |
Detecting sponsored material (sourcing) | Screenshot from evening paper 1 ( |
Comparing articles (corroboration) | Two articles about weight loss (weight loss) |
Scrutinizing comments and images (evidence) | Manipulated photograph of a smoking girl (smoking) |
Paper format | Local news |
Radio | National news |
TV | Evening paper |
Mobile phone | Public service radio |
Computer | Public service TV |
Tablet | International news |
Social media |
Intercept | −3.238 | 1.268 | −2.553 |
|
Form | Secondary 1st | Baseline | ||
Secondary 2nd | −0.243 | 0.445 | −0.584 | |
Secondary 3rd | −0.106 | 0.324 | −0.744 | |
Sourcing in school | −0.0615 | 0.0841 | −0.731 | |
Credibility importance | 0.505 | 0.0841 | 2.595 |
|
Internet info reliability | −0.281 | 0.204 | −1.435 | |
Fact-checking ability | 0.198 | 0.221 | 0.897 | |
Language home | Yes | Baseline | ||
No | 0.728 | 0.374 | 1.949 ( |
|
Party score | 0.268 | 0.506 | 0.531 |
Intercept | 2.221 | 0.509 | 4.363 |
|
Form | Secondary 1st | Baseline | ||
Secondary 2nd | −0.622 | 0.404 | −1.537 | |
Secondary 3rd | −0.543 | 0.358 | −1.514 | |
Program | SS | Baseline | ||
Other | −0.293 | 0.336 | −0.872 | |
EC | −0.503 | 0.400 | −1.256 | |
AS | −0.111 | 0.163 | −0.677 | |
NA | −0.513 | 0.394 | −1.300 | |
Sourcing in school | 0.0186 | 0.0242 | 0.770 | |
Credibility importance | −0.00198 | 0.0469 | −0.042 | |
Internet info reliability | −0.0448 | 0.0590 | −0.759 | |
Search ability | −0.0682 | 0.0612 | −1.116 | |
Language home | Yes | Baseline | ||
No | 0.223 | 0.0937 | 2.378 |
|
Party score | 0.00372 | 0.164 | 0.023 |
Intercept | −2.162 | 1.780 | −1.215 | |
Form | Secondary 1st | Baseline | ||
Secondary 2nd | −0.927 | 0.794 | −1.169 | |
Secondary 3rd | −0.267 | 0.485 | −0.552 | |
Sourcing in school | 0.163 | 0.137 | 1.193 | |
Credibility importance | 0.452 | 0.274 | 1.652 ( |
|
Internet info reliability | −0.0670 | 0.283 | −0.225 | |
Fact-checking ability | 0.565 | 0.283 | −1.993 |
|
Language home | Yes | Baseline | ||
No | 0.554 | 0.529 | 1.049 | |
Party score | 0.133 | 0.892 | 0.149 | |
Gender | Other identity | Baseline | ||
Girl | −0.287 | 0.678 | −0.423 | |
Boy | −0.899 | 0.772 | −1.164 |