[
1. Verbeck G J & Klieger P: “Studies of “Salt” Scaling of Concrete”. Highway Research Board Bulletin, No. 150, 1957, pp. 1–13.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
2. Valenza J.J & Scherer G.W: “A review of salt scaling: II. Mechanisms”. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 37, 2007, pp. 1022–1034.10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.03.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
3. Snyder M.J: “Protective coatings to prevent deterioration of concrete by deicing chemicals”. National cooperative highway research program, Report 16, Highway Research Board of the Division of Engineering and Industrial Research, National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, USA, 1965.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
4. Lundgreen M & Andalen A: “Round robin test on the freeze-thaw resistance of precast concrete paving blocks”. SP Report No. 1995:56, Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Borås, Sweden, 1995.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
5. Fabbri A, Coussy O, Fen-Chong T & Monteiro P M J: “Are deicing salts necessary to promote scaling in concrete?”. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol 134.7, 2008, pp. 589–598.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2008)134:7(589)
]Search in Google Scholar
[
6. Rosenqvist M, Oxfall M, Fridh K & Hassanzadeh M: “A test method to assess the frost resistance of concrete at the waterline of hydraulic structures”. Materials and Structures, Vol. 48, 2015, pp. 2403–2415.10.1617/s11527-014-0327-2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
7. Hasholt M T: “The importance of boundary conditions in relation to development of frost damage in concrete”. Proceedings, 73rd RILEM Annual Week & International Conference on Innovative Materials for Sustainable Civil Engineering (IMSCE), Nanjing, China, August 2019, pp. 89–89.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
8. Gawin D, Baggio P & Schrefler B A: “Coupled heat water and gas flow in deformable porous media”. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluid, Vol. 20, 1995, pp. 969–987.10.1002/fld.1650200817
]Search in Google Scholar
[
9. Coussy O & Monteiro P J M: “Poroelastic model for concrete exposed to freezing temperatures”. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 38, 2008, pp. 40–48.10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.06.006
]Search in Google Scholar
[
10. Zuber & Marchand J: “Predicting the volume instability of hydrated cement systems upon freezing using poro-mechanics and local phase equilibria”. Materials and Structures, Vol. 37, 2004, pp. 257–270.10.1007/BF02480634
]Search in Google Scholar
[
11. Koniorczyk M, Gawin D, Wieczorek A & Pesavento F: “Concrete frost damage due to cyclic environmental loading—experimental and numerical study”. Proceeding, Conference on Computational Modelling of Concrete and Concrete Structures, EURO-C, Bad Hofgastein, Austria, 2018, pp. 327–334.10.1201/9781315182964-41
]Search in Google Scholar
[
12. Eriksson D, Wahlbom D, Malm R & Fridh K: “Hygro-thermo-mechanical modeling of partially saturated air-entrained concrete containing dissolved salt and exposed to freeze-thaw cycles”. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 141, 2021, 106314.10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106314
]Search in Google Scholar
[
13. Gong F & Jacobsen S: “Modeling of water transport in highly saturated concrete with wet surface during freeze/thaw”. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 115, 2019, pp. 294–307.10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.08.013
]Search in Google Scholar
[
14. Esmaeeli H S, Farnam Y, Bentz D P, Zavattieri P D & Weiss W J: “Numerical simulation of the freeze–thaw behavior of mortar containing deicing salt solution”. Materials and Structures, Vol. 50, 2017, pp 1–20.10.1617/s11527-016-0964-8522047328082830
]Search in Google Scholar
[
15. Debenedetti P G & Stanley H.E: “Supercooled and Glassy Water”. Physics Today, Vol. 56, 2003, pp. 40–46.10.1063/1.1595053
]Search in Google Scholar
[
16. DS/CEN/TS 12390-9:2016: “Testing hardened concrete – Part 9 : Freeze-thaw resistance with de-icing salts – Scaling”. Danish Standards Foundation, Nordhavn, Denmark, 2016.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
17. Gai S, Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Yu J & Doroodchi E: “LBM modelling of supercooled water freezing with inclusion of the recalescence stage”. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 146, 2020, 118839.10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118839
]Search in Google Scholar
[
18. Haynes W M: “CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Internet Version)”. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 2016.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
19. Pitzer K S, Peiper J C & Busey R.H: “Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions”. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 13, 1984, pp. 1–102.10.1063/1.555709
]Search in Google Scholar
[
20. Khattari Y, El Rhafiki T, Choab N, Kousksou T, Alaphilippe M & Zeraouli Y; “Apparent heat capacity method to investigate heat transfer in a composite phase change material”. Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 28, 2020, 101239.10.1016/j.est.2020.101239
]Search in Google Scholar
[
21. Levy F L: “A modified Maxwell-Eucken equation for calculating the thermal conductivity of two-component solutions or mixtures”. International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 4, 1981, pp. 223–225.10.1016/0140-7007(81)90053-0
]Search in Google Scholar
[
22. C. Therm, TCi Thermal Conductivity Analyzer, Easy MTPS Testing. https://ctherm.com/products/tci-thermal-conductivity-analyzer (accessed May 3, 2021)
]Search in Google Scholar
[
23. Faheem A & Hasholt M T: “Data set for article “Numerical modelling of heat transport in freezing mortars with an external liquid reservoir””. Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
24. Faheem A, Ranger M & Hasholt M T: “Developped COMSOL models and other relevant files for article ‘Numerical modelling of heat transport in freezing mortars with an external liquid reservoir’”. Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, 2021.10.2478/ncr-2021-0019
]Search in Google Scholar
[
25. Powers T C & Brownyard T L: “Studies of the Physical Properties of Hardened Portland Cement Paste”. ACI Journal Proceedings, Vol. 43, No. 9, 1946, pp. 249-336.10.14359/15302
]Search in Google Scholar
[
26. Jensen O M & Hansen P F: “Water-entrained cement-based materials - I. Principles and theoretical background”. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 31, 2001, pp. 647–654.10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00463-X
]Search in Google Scholar
[
27. Zeng Q, Fen-Chong T, Dangla P & Li K: “A study of freezing behavior of cementitious materials by poromechanical approach”. International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 48, 2011, pp. 3267–3273.10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2011.07.018
]Search in Google Scholar
[
28. DS/EN 197-1:2011, Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements, Danish Standards Foundation, Nordhavn, Denmark, 2012.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
29. DS/EN 196-1, Cement – Part 1: Determination of strength, Danish Standards Foundation, Nordhavn, Denmark, 2016.
]Search in Google Scholar
