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Optimisation of fragrance finishing on cotton by grafting of β-cyclodextrin based microcapsules: Application of the experimental design methodology

Maroua Ben Abdelkader
Maroua Ben Abdelkader
, 
Nedra Azizi
Nedra Azizi
, 
Claire Bordes
Claire Bordes
, 
Mustapha Majdoub
Mustapha Majdoub
 oraz 
Yves Chevalier
Yves Chevalier
   | 25 kwi 2022
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Data publikacji: 25 kwi 2022
Zakres stron: 555 - 569
Otrzymano: 23 gru 2021
Przyjęty: 25 sty 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2021-0044
Słowa kluczowe
© 2022 Maroua Ben Abdelkader et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Molecular structure of the PU polymer based on β-cyclodextrin forming the microcapsules shell. PU, Polyurethane
Molecular structure of the PU polymer based on β-cyclodextrin forming the microcapsules shell. PU, Polyurethane

Fig. 2

Effect of the microcapsules concentration (CAP) on the mass gain G
Effect of the microcapsules concentration (CAP) on the mass gain G

Fig. 3

Effect of the CA crosslinking agent concentration on the fabric mass gain. CA, citric acid
Effect of the CA crosslinking agent concentration on the fabric mass gain. CA, citric acid

Fig. 4

Effect of the DHP CAT on the mass gain. CAT, catalyst concentration; DHP, disodium hydrogen phosphate
Effect of the DHP CAT on the mass gain. CAT, catalyst concentration; DHP, disodium hydrogen phosphate

Fig. 5

Contour plots showing the combined effect of microcapsules and DHP CATs on the mass gain (G) using different CA crosslinking agent concentrations: (A) 80 g ⋅ L−1, (B) 100 g ⋅ L−1 and (C) 120 g ⋅ L−1. CAT, catalyst concentration; DHP, disodium hydrogen phosphate
Contour plots showing the combined effect of microcapsules and DHP CATs on the mass gain (G) using different CA crosslinking agent concentrations: (A) 80 g ⋅ L−1, (B) 100 g ⋅ L−1 and (C) 120 g ⋅ L−1. CAT, catalyst concentration; DHP, disodium hydrogen phosphate

Fig. 6

Response optimisation of the grafting process. CA, citric acid; DHP, disodium hydrogen phosphate
Response optimisation of the grafting process. CA, citric acid; DHP, disodium hydrogen phosphate

Fig. 7

SEM micrographs of: (A) untreated cotton knitted textile at ×500 magnification and (B, C) treated cotton knitted textile at ×500 (B) and ×2,000 (C) magnifications. SEM, scanning electron microscopy
SEM micrographs of: (A) untreated cotton knitted textile at ×500 magnification and (B, C) treated cotton knitted textile at ×500 (B) and ×2,000 (C) magnifications. SEM, scanning electron microscopy

Fig. 8

Tensile behaviour of untreated and treated knitted fabric in both directions: (A) row direction and (B) column direction
Tensile behaviour of untreated and treated knitted fabric in both directions: (A) row direction and (B) column direction

Fig. 9

Variation of: (A) maximum force, (B) elongation at maximum force and (C) stiffness before and after grafting treatment in row and column directions
Variation of: (A) maximum force, (B) elongation at maximum force and (C) stiffness before and after grafting treatment in row and column directions

Fig. 10

Air permeability of knitted cotton fabrics before and after grafting
Air permeability of knitted cotton fabrics before and after grafting

Fig. 11

SEM micrographs of knitting grafted with fragrant microcapsules after 40 washing cycles at (A) ×1,000 and (B) ×3,000 magnification. SEM, scanning electron microscopy
SEM micrographs of knitting grafted with fragrant microcapsules after 40 washing cycles at (A) ×1,000 and (B) ×3,000 magnification. SEM, scanning electron microscopy

Fig. 12

Residual neroline concentration after subsequent washing cycles
Residual neroline concentration after subsequent washing cycles

ANOVA

Source Degrees of freedom Sum of squares Variance F p-value
Regression 9 20.4000 2.2667 18.98 0.002
Residuals 5 0.5971 0.1194 – –
Total 14 20.9971 – – –

Box-Behnken design and experimental results

Experiment N° Coded values Real values Mean response
X1 X2 X3 U1 U2 U3 G (%) (n = 3)
1 −1 −1 0 90 80 60 2.25
2 +1 −1 0 110 80 60 3.68
3 −1 +1 0 90 120 60 2.75
4 +1 +1 0 110 120 60 4.11
5 −1 0 −1 90 100 50 3.85
6 +1 0 −1 110 100 50 4.72
7 −1 0 +1 90 100 70 1.88
8 +1 0 +1 110 100 70 2.11
9 0 −1 −1 100 80 50 3.45
10 0 +1 −1 100 120 50 5.22
11 0 −1 +1 100 80 70 1.50
12 0 +1 +1 100 120 70 1.47
13 0 0 0 100 100 60 4.23
14 0 0 0 100 100 60 4.26
15 0 0 0 100 100 60 4.28

Experimental range and levels of independent process variables

Coded variable Natural variable Unit Levels
−1 0 +1
X1 U1: microcapsules concentration (g ⋅ L−1) 90 100 110
X2 U2: CA crosslinking agent concentration (g ⋅ L−1) 80 100 120
X3 U3: DHP CAT (g ⋅ L−1) 50 60 70
eISSN:
2083-134X
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Materials Sciences, other, Nanomaterials, Functional and Smart Materials, Materials Characterization and Properties
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