This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Sharma, V., Sharma, S., Datt, C. (2015). Potential hazards in animal feeds: safety and regulation-review. Indian J Anim Nutr. 32(3): 242-262.Search in Google Scholar
Dorne, J.L.C., Mand Fink-Gremmels, J. (2013). Human & animal health risk assessment of chemicals in the food chain: comparative aspects and future perspectives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 270(3): 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.013 PMid:22484160Search in Google Scholar
D’Mello, J.P.F. (2004). Microbiology of animal feeds assessing quality and safety of animal feeds, FAO, Rome, pp. 89–105.Search in Google Scholar
Radovanov-Pelagić, V., Jurić, V., Kunc, V., Ristić, M., Koljajić, V. (1999). Relationship between microflora and amount of mycotoxins in animal feed. Contemporary Agriculture, Novi Sad, 48(1-2): 281-284. [In Serbian]Search in Google Scholar
Hinton, M. (1993). Spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in animal feed. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad. 32(1-3): 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(93)90040-9Search in Google Scholar
Ricke, S.C. (2018). Chapter. 8. Feed Hygiene. In: J. Dewulf, F. Van Immerseel (Eds.), Biosecurity in animal production and veterinary medicine-from principles to practice (pp. 177-209). Leuven, Belgium: ACCO (Academische Coöperative Vennootschap cvba) https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789245684.0177Search in Google Scholar
Đorđević, N., Dinić, B. (2007). Animal Feed. Cenzone tech-Europe, Aranđelovac [In Serbian]Search in Google Scholar
WHO [World Health Organization]. (2020). Compendium of WHO and other UN guidance on health and environment. Chapter 5. Chemicals. c2023 [cited 2023 October 31]. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/who-compendium-on-health-and-environment/who_compendium_chapter5_01092021.pdf?sfvrsn=20ca418_5Search in Google Scholar
Wu, X., Cobbina, S.J., Mao, G., Xu, H., Zhang, Z., Yang, L. (2016). A review of toxicity and mechanisms of individual and mixtures of heavy metals in the environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 23(9): 8244-8259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6333-x PMid:26965280Search in Google Scholar
Kim, J.H. (2023). Determination of safe levels and toxic levels for feed hazardous materials in broiler chickens: a review. J Anim Sci Technol. 65(3): 490-510. https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e26 PMid:37332288 PMCid:PMC10271926Search in Google Scholar
EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). (2012). Scientific opinion on the risk for public health related to the presence of methylmercury and mercury in food. EFSA J. 10(12): 2985. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2985Search in Google Scholar
Kos, J., Anić, M., Radić, B., Zadravec M., Janić Hajnal, E., Pleadin, J. (2023). Climate change-a global threat resulting in increasing mycotoxin occurrence. Foods 12(14): 2704. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12142704 PMid:37509796 PMCid:PMC10379110Search in Google Scholar
Muñoz-Solano, B., Gonzáles-Peñas, E. (2023). Co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed for cattle, pigs, poultry, and sheep in Navara, a region of Northern Spain. Toxins (Basel). 15(3): 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030172 PMid:36977063 PMCid:PMC10057204Search in Google Scholar
Leggieri, M.C., Toscano, P., Battilani, P. (2021). Predicted aflatoxin B1 increase in Europe due to climate change: actions and reactions at global level. Toxins 13(4): 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040292 PMid:33924246 PMCid:PMC8074758Search in Google Scholar
Dimitrieska-Stojković, E., Stojanovska-Dimzoska, B., Ilievska, G., Uzunov, R., Stojković, G., Hajrulai-Musliu, Z., Jankuloski D. (2016), Assessment of aflatoxin contamination in raw milk and feed in Macedonia During 2013. Food Control. 59, 201-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.019Search in Google Scholar
Ilievska, G., Stojanovska-Dimzoska, B., Koceva, D., Stojković, G., Angeleska, A., Dimitrieska-Stojković, E. (2022). Dietary exposure and health risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products consumed by population of North Macedonia, J Food Qual Hazards Control. 9(1): 14-22. https://doi.org/10.18502/jfqhc.9.1.9686Search in Google Scholar
Pleadin, J., Lešić, T., Milićević D., Markov, K., Šarkanj, B., Vahčić, N., Kmetič, I., Zadravec, M. (2021). Pathways of mycotoxin occurrence in meat products: a review. Processes 9(12): 2122. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122122Search in Google Scholar
Pleadin, J., Jadrić, M., Kudumija, N., Zadravec, M., Kiš, G., Mihaljević, Ž., Škrivanko, M., Samardžija, M. (2024). Zearalenone in feed, urine and meat from three pig farms in Croatia. Vet Stanica 55(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.1.10Search in Google Scholar
Roila, R., Branciari, R., Pecorelli, I., Cristofani, E., Carloni, C., Ranucci, D., Fioroni, L. (2019). Occurrence and residues concentration of coccidiostats in feed and food of animal origin; Human exposure assessment. Foods 8(10): 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8100477 PMid:31614486 PMCid:PMC6835225Search in Google Scholar
Dorne, J.L.C.M., Fernández-Cruz, M.L., Bertelsen, U., Renshaw, D.W., Peltonen, K., Anadon, A., Feil, A., Sanders, P., Wester, P., Fink-Gremmels, J. (2013). Risk assessment of coccidiostats during feed cross-contamination: Animal and human health aspects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 270(3): 196-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2010.12.014 PMid:21215766Search in Google Scholar
Clarke, L., Fodey, T.L., Crooks, S.R.H., Moloney, M., O’Mahony, J., Delahaut, P., O’Kennedy, R., Danaher, M. (2014). A review of coccidiostats and the analysis of their residues in meat and other food. Meat Sci. 97(3): 358-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.01.004 PMid:24534603Search in Google Scholar
Rulebook for the list of undesirable substances in animal food and maximum permitted level as well as critical points for conducting source identification research and the reasons for exceeding the maximum permitted level, Official Journal of RNM No. 85 from 31.03.2020.Search in Google Scholar
Rulebook for general and specific requirements for feed safety, Official Journal of RM No. 147 from 27.11.2012.Search in Google Scholar
ISO 4833-1:2013 Microbiology of the food chain - Horizontal method for the enumeration of microorganisms Part 1: Colony count at 30 °C by the pour plate technique. https://www.iso.org/standard/53728.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
ISO 21527-2:2008 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Horizontal method for the enumeration of yeasts and moulds - Part 2: Colony count technique in products with water activity less than or equal to 0.95. https://www.iso.org/standard/38276.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
ISO 15213:2003 Microbiology of the food chain -Horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Clostridium spp. - Part 1: Enumeration of sulfite-reducing Clostridium spp. by colony-count technique. https://www.iso.org/standard/26852.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
ISO 6579-1:2017 Microbiology of the food chain -Horizontal method for the detection, enumeration and serotyping of Salmonella - Part 1: Detection of Salmonella spp. https://www.iso.org/standard/56712.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
International Organization for Standardization (1999). ISO 6496:1999 - Animal feeding stuffs -Determination of moisture and other volatile matter content. https://www.iso.org/standard/12871.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
CEN 2003, EN 14084, Foodstuffs - Determination of trace elements - Determination of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and iron by atomic absor ption spectrometry (AAS) after microwave digestion, European Committee for Standardization, 2003. https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/cen/446d0bd2-4c65-4d15-a586-852f4a653f70/en-14084-2003?srsltid=AfmBOooMj_Dd74K3FwTQ2dZpTyc3YFpbQBYrSf7oxKgSCl3BvXx6EhiKSearch in Google Scholar
CEN 2002, EN 13086, Foodstuffs - Determination of trace elements - Determination of mercury by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) after pressure digestion, European Committee for Standardization, 2002. https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/cen/a62f2c3c-cbea-4861-830f-448c7d80ae75/en-13806-2002?srsltid=AfmBOoo38ECsJEEJwAKvNH8lQvcUwdQbaLTTmIplEaYXLkAZj88ot6H4Search in Google Scholar
Stojanovska-Dimzoska, B., Hajr ulai-Musliu, Z., Uzunov, R., Angeleska, A., Blagoevska, K., Crceva Nikolovska, R., Ilievska, G., Dimitrieska-Stojkovikj, E. (2022). Study on the effectiveness of a multi-toxin immunoaffinity cleanup for reliable cost-effective HPLC-FLD analysis of mycotoxins in corn based food. Maced J Chem Chem Eng. 41(1): 77-88. https://doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2022.2422Search in Google Scholar
Waters Corporation (2013). The analysis of coccidiostatic agents in feed using the ACQUITY UPLC I-class and XEVO TQ-S, application note 720004769en, August 2013. c2013 [cited 2019 December 27]. https://www.waters.com/waters/library.htm?cid=10160596&lid=134757454Search in Google Scholar
Elliott, S., Frio, A., Jarman T. (2017). Heavy metal contamination of animal feedstuffs - a new survey. J Appl Anim Nutr. 5(8): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1017/jan.2017.7Search in Google Scholar
Iqbal, H., Shafique, M.A., Khan, M.J. (2023). Evaluation of heavy metals concentration in poultry feed and poultry products. Saudi J Med Pharm Sci. 9(7): 489-495. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i07.019Search in Google Scholar
Korish, M.A., Attia, Y.A. (2020). Evaluation of heavy metal content in feed, litter, meat, meat products, liver and table eggs. Animals 10(4): 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040727 PMid:32331361 PMCid:PMC7222721Search in Google Scholar
Hejna, M., Moscatelli, A., Onelli, E., Baldi, A., Pilu, S., Rossi, L. (2019). Evaluation of concentration of heavy metals in animal rearing system. Ital J Anim Sci. 18(1): 1372-1384. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2019.1642806Search in Google Scholar
Wang, H., Dong, Y., Yang, Y.S., Toor, G., Zhang, X. (2013). Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China. J Environ Sci. 25(12): 2435-2442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(13)60473-8 PMid:24649675Search in Google Scholar
Adamse, P., Van der Fels-Klerx, H.J., de Jong, J. (2017). Cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic in animal feed and feed materials - trend analysis of monitoring results. Food Addit Contam: Part A. 34(8): 1298-1311. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2017.1300686 PMid:28278122Search in Google Scholar
Zhang, F., Li, Y., Yang, M., Li, W. (2012). Content of heavy metals in animal feeds and manures from farms of different scales in northeast China. Int J Environ Res Public. Health. 9(8): 2658-2668. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9082658 PMid:23066389 PMCid:PMC3447579Search in Google Scholar
Sdogati, S., Pacini, T., Bibi, R., Caporali, A., Vardini, E., Orsini, S., Ortenzi, R., Pecorelli, I. (2024). Co-occurrence of aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in feed and feed materials in Central Italy from 2018-2022. Foods 13(2): 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13020313 PMid:38254614 PMCid:PMC10815256Search in Google Scholar
Santos Pereira, C., Cunha, S.C., Fernandes, J.O. (2019). Prevalent mycotoxins in animal feed: occurrence and analytical methods. Toxins 11(5): 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11050290 PMid:31121952 PMCid:PMC6563184Search in Google Scholar
Pietruk, K., Olejnik, M., Jedziniak, P., Szprengier-Juszkiewicz, T. (2015). Determination of fifteen coccidiostats in feed at carry-over levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 112, 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.019 PMid:25958138Search in Google Scholar
Delahaut, P., Pierret, G., Ralet, N., Dubois, M., Gillard, N. (2010). Multi-residue method for detecting coccidiostats at carry-over level in feed by HPLC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 27(6): 801-809. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440040903552408 PMid:20198524Search in Google Scholar
Annunziata, L., Visciano, P., Stramenga, A., Colagrande, M.N., Campana, G., Scortichini, G., Migliorati, G., Compagnone, D. (2017). Determination of regulatory ionophore coccidiostat residues in feedstuffs at carry-over levels by liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry. PLoS ONE. 12(8): e0182831. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182831 PMid:28792977 PMCid:PMC5549955Search in Google Scholar
Moretti, S., Fioroni, L., Giusepponi, D., Pettinacci, L., Saluti, G., Galarini, R. (2013). Development and validation of a multiresidue liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometr y method for 11 coccidiostats in feed. J. AOAC Int. 96(6): 1245-1257. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.12-440 PMid:24645501Search in Google Scholar
Wojdat, E., Kwiatek, K., Kozak, M. (2005). Microbiological quality of animal feeding stuffs in Poland. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 49(3): 315-318.Search in Google Scholar
Čabarkapa, I., Kokić, B., Plavšić, D., Ivanov, D., Lević, J. (2009). Microbiological safety of animal feed. Biotechnol Anim Husb. 25(5-6): 1155-1162.Search in Google Scholar
Maciorowski, K.G., Herrera, P., Jones, F.T., Pillai, S.D., Ricke, S.C. (2007). Effects on poultry and livestock of feed contamination with bacteria and fungi. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 133(1): 109-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.08.006Search in Google Scholar
Udhayavel, S., Gopalak rishnamurthy, T.R., Vasudevan, G., Shanmugasamy, M., Kandasamy, S. (2017). Occurrence of Clostridium Perfringens contamination in poultry feed ingredients: isolation, identification and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Anim Nutr. 3(3): 309-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2017.05.006 PMid:29767074 PMCid:PMC5941237Search in Google Scholar
Sapkota, A.R., Lefferts, L.Y., McKenzie, S., Walker, P. (2007). What do we feed to food-production animals? A review of animal feed ingredients and their potential impacts on human health. Environ Health Persp. 115(5): 663-670. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9760 PMid:17520050 PMCid:PMC1867957Search in Google Scholar
Kukier, E., Goldsztejn, M., Grenda, T., Krzysztof, K., Wasyl, D., Hoszowski, A. (2012). Microbiological quality of compound feed used in Poland. J Vet Res. 56(3): 349-354. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10213-012-0061-xSearch in Google Scholar
Liebana, E., Hugas, M. (2012). 5-Assessment of the microbiological risks in feedingstuffs for food-producing animals. In J. Fink-Gremmels (Ed.), Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Scicence, Technology and Nutrition, Animal Feed Contamination (pp. 66-93). Woodhead Publishing https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093615.1.66Search in Google Scholar
Jones, F.T. (2011). A review of practical Salmonella control measures in animal feed. J Appl Poult Res. 20(1): 102-113. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2010-00281Search in Google Scholar
Vestby, L.K., Møretrø, T., Langsrud, S., Heir, E., Nesse, L.L. (2009). Biofilm forming abilities of Salmonella are correlated with persistence in fish meal-and feed factories. BMC Vet Res. 5, 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-5-20 PMid:19473515 PMCid:PMC2693496Search in Google Scholar