“Terminator” Factor – AI Targeting Decision-Making and the Law

[1] EU AI Act 2024, https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/; https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law. Search in Google Scholar

[2] House of Lords, AI in Weapon Systems Committee – Report of Session 2023-24, Proceed with Caution: Artificial Intelligence in Weapon Systems, published by the Authority of the House of Lords, UK, https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/646/ai-in-weapon-systems-committee/publications/ Search in Google Scholar

[3] Paul A. L. Ducheine, Non-kinetic Capabilities: Complementing the Kinetic Prevalence to Targeting, Chapter in book: Targeting: The Challenges of Modern Warfare edited by Paul A.L. Ducheine, Michael N. Schmitt, Frans P.B. Osinga, Published by t.m.c. asser press, The Hague, The Netherlands www.asserpress.nl, 2016, pp. 201-230, DOI 10.1007/978-94-6265-072-5; Search in Google Scholar

[4] Mateus De Oliveira Fornasier, THE REGULATION OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN WARFARE: between International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and Meaningful Human Control, May 2021, Revista Jurídica da Presidência 23(129):67, DOI: 10.20499/2236-3645.RJP2021v23e129-2229; Search in Google Scholar

[5] https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics?hub=387; Search in Google Scholar

[6] Anastasia Roberts and Adrian Venables, The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Kinetic Targeting from the Perspective of International Humanitarian Law, 2021 13th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon), Tallinn, Estonia, 2021, pp. 43-57, doi: 10.23919/CyCon51939.2021.9468301; Search in Google Scholar

[7] https://www.defense.gov/Spotlights/Project-Convergence-Capstone-4/; Search in Google Scholar

[8] https://www.dds.mil/akdlskandkanddnknajdjkajdksjskjdskjnnfeujksks; Search in Google Scholar

[9] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-02-29/inside-project-maven-theus-military-s-ai-project; Search in Google Scholar

[10] Juan-Pablo Riveraa, Gabriel Mukobib, Anka Reuelb, Max Lamparthb, Chandler Smithc, Jacquelyn Schneider, Escalation Risks from Language Models in Military and Diplomatic Decision-Making, arXiv:2401.03408v1 [cs.AI] 7 Jan 2024, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.03408, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.03408; Search in Google Scholar

[11] https://www.airandspaceforces.com/usaf-first-ai-against-human-dogfights/; Search in Google Scholar

[12] https://defensescoop.com/2023/06/14/what-the-pentagon-can-learn-from-the-saga-ofthe-rogue-ai-enabled-drone-thought-experiment/; Search in Google Scholar

[13] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/01/the-gospel-how-israel-uses-ai-to-select-bombing-targets; https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/03/israel-gaza-ai-database-hamas-airstrikes; Search in Google Scholar

[14] https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/05/onslaught-violence-against-women-and-children-gaza-unacceptable-un-experts; Search in Google Scholar

[15] ICRC, Artificial intelligence and machine learning in armed conflict: A human-centred approach, REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS, International Review of the Red Cross (2020), 102 (913), 463–479., Digital technologies and war, doi:10.1017/S1816383120000454; Search in Google Scholar

[16] Sati, Mustafa Can, Attributability of Combatant Status to Military AI Technologies under International Humanitarian Law (September 11, 2023). Global Society, 2023, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4607136; Search in Google Scholar

[17] https://ccdcoe.org/research/tallinn-manual/; Search in Google Scholar

[18] UN, Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 9, A New Agenda for Peace, JULY 2023, https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/our-common-agenda-policy-brief-new-agenda-for-peace-en.pdf. Search in Google Scholar