Chickens’ eggs and the livers of farm animals as sources of perfluoroalkyl substances

1. Bao J., Yu W.J., Liu Y., Wang X., Jin Y.H., Dong G.H.: Perfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater and home-produced vegetables and eggs around a fluorochemical industrial park in China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019, 171, 199–205, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.086. Bao J. Yu W.J. Liu Y. Wang X. Jin Y.H. Dong G.H. : Perfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater and home-produced vegetables and eggs around a fluorochemical industrial park in China . Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 , 171 , 199 – 205 , doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.086 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2. Blaine A.C., Rich C.D., Hundal L.S., Lau C., Mills M.A., Harris K.M., Higgins C.P.: Uptake of perfluoroalkyl acids into edible crops via land applied biosolids: Field and greenhouse studies. Environ Sci Technol 2013, 47, 14062–14069, doi: 10.1021/ES403094Q. Blaine A.C. Rich C.D. Hundal L.S. Lau C. Mills M.A. Harris K.M. Higgins C.P. : Uptake of perfluoroalkyl acids into edible crops via land applied biosolids: Field and greenhouse studies . Environ Sci Technol 2013 , 47 , 14062 – 14069 , doi: 10.1021/ES403094Q . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Choi Y.J., Lee L.S., Hoskins T.D., Gharehveran M.M., Sepúlveda M.S.: Occurrence and implications of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal feeds used in laboratory toxicity testing. Sci Total Environ 2023, 867, 16158, doi: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2023.161583. Choi Y.J. Lee L.S. Hoskins T.D. Gharehveran M.M. Sepúlveda M.S. : Occurrence and implications of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal feeds used in laboratory toxicity testing . Sci Total Environ 2023 , 867 , 16158 , doi: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2023.161583 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4. D’Hollander W., de Voogt P., Bervoets L.: Accumulation of Perfluorinated Chemicals in Belgian Home-produced Chicken Eggs. Organohalogen Compd 2011, 73, 917–920. D’Hollander W. de Voogt P. Bervoets L. : Accumulation of Perfluorinated Chemicals in Belgian Home-produced Chicken Eggs . Organohalogen Compd 2011 , 73 , 917 – 920 . Search in Google Scholar

5. Death C., Bell C., Champness D., Milne C., Reichman S., Hagen T.: Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in livestock and game species: A review. Sci Total Environ 2021, 774, 144795, doi: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2020.144795. Death C. Bell C. Champness D. Milne C. Reichman S. Hagen T. : Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in livestock and game species: A review . Sci Total Environ 2021 , 774 , 144795 , doi: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2020.144795 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6. Dewitt J.C., Peden-Adams M.M., Keller J.M., Germolec D.R.: Immunotoxicity of Perfluorinated Compounds: Recent Developments. Toxicol Pathol 2012, 40, 300–311, doi: 10.1177/0192623311428473. Dewitt J.C. Peden-Adams M.M. Keller J.M. Germolec D.R. : Immunotoxicity of Perfluorinated Compounds: Recent Developments . Toxicol Pathol 2012 , 40 , 300 – 311 , doi: 10.1177/0192623311428473 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7. Drew R., Hagen T.G., Champness D., Sellier A.: Half-lives of several polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in cattle serum and tissues. Food Addit Contam Part A 2022, 39, 320–340, doi: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1991004. Drew R. Hagen T.G. Champness D. Sellier A. : Half-lives of several polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in cattle serum and tissues . Food Addit Contam Part A 2022 , 39 , 320 – 340 , doi: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1991004 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8. Enault J., Robert S., Schlosser O., de Thé C., Loret J.F.: Drinking water, diet, indoor air: Comparison of the contribution to environmental micropollutants exposure. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015, 218, 723–730, doi: 10.1016/J.IJHEH.2015.06.001. Enault J. Robert S. Schlosser O. de Thé C. Loret J.F. : Drinking water, diet, indoor air: Comparison of the contribution to environmental micropollutants exposure . Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015 , 218 , 723 – 730 , doi: 10.1016/J.IJHEH.2015.06.001 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9. Ericson I., Martí-Cid R., Nadal M., Van Bavel B., Lindström G., Domingo J.L.: Human exposure to perfluorinated chemicals through the diet: intake of perfluorinated compounds in foods from the Catalan (Spain) market. J Agric Food Chem 2008, 56, 1787–1794, doi: 10.1021/JF0732408. Ericson I. Martí-Cid R. Nadal M. Van Bavel B. Lindström G. Domingo J.L. : Human exposure to perfluorinated chemicals through the diet: intake of perfluorinated compounds in foods from the Catalan (Spain) market . J Agric Food Chem 2008 , 56 , 1787 – 1794 , doi: 10.1021/JF0732408 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10. European Commission: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1428 of 24 August 2022 laying down methods of sampling and analysis for the control of perfluoroalkyl substances in certain foodstuffs. OJEU L 2022, 221, 65, 26/08/2022, 66–73. European Commission : Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1428 of 24 August 2022 laying down methods of sampling and analysis for the control of perfluoroalkyl substances in certain foodstuffs . OJEU L 2022 , 221 , 65 , 26/08/2022, 66 – 73 . Search in Google Scholar

11. European Commission: Commission Recommendation (EU) 2022/1431 of 24 August 2022 on the monitoring of perfluoroalkyl substances in food. OJEU L 2022, 221, 65, 26/08/2022, 105–109. European Commission : Commission Recommendation (EU) 2022/1431 of 24 August 2022 on the monitoring of perfluoroalkyl substances in food . OJEU L 2022 , 221 , 65 , 26/08/2022, 105 – 109 . Search in Google Scholar

12. European Commission: Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/2388 of 7 December 2022 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in certain foodstuffs. OJEU L 2022, 316, 65, 08/12/2022, 38–41. European Commission : Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/2388 of 7 December 2022 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in certain foodstuffs . OJEU L 2022 , 316 , 65 , 08/12/2022, 38 – 41 . Search in Google Scholar

13. European Commission: Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 of 25 April 2023 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006. OJEU L 2023, 119, 66, 05/05/2023, 103–157. European Commission : Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 of 25 April 2023 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 . OJEU L 2023 , 119 , 66 , 05/05/2023, 103 – 157 . Search in Google Scholar

14. European Food Safety Authority: Guidance on selected default values to be used by the EFSA Scientific Committee, Scientific Panels and Units in the absence of actual measured data. EFSA J 2012, 10, 2579, doi: 10.2903/J.EFSA.2012.2579. European Food Safety Authority: Guidance on selected default values to be used by the EFSA Scientific Committee , Scientific Panels and Units in the absence of actual measured data . EFSA J 2012 , 10 , 2579 , doi: 10.2903/J.EFSA.2012.2579 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15. European Food Safety Authority: Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food. EFSA J 2020, 18, e06223, doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6223. European Food Safety Authority : Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food . EFSA J 2020 , 18 , e06223 , doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6223 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Fraser A.J., Webster T.F., Watkins D.J., Strynar M.J., Kato K., Calafat A.M., Vieira V.M., McClean M.D.: Polyfluorinated compounds in dust from homes, offices, and vehicles as predictors of concentrations in office workers’ serum. Environ Int 2013, 60, 128–136, doi: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2013.08.012. Fraser A.J. Webster T.F. Watkins D.J. Strynar M.J. Kato K. Calafat A.M. Vieira V.M. McClean M.D. : Polyfluorinated compounds in dust from homes, offices, and vehicles as predictors of concentrations in office workers’ serum . Environ Int 2013 , 60 , 128 – 136 , doi: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2013.08.012 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. Fujii Y., Harada K.H., Koizumi A.: Occurrence of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in personal care products and compounding agents. Chemosphere 2013, 93, 538–544, doi: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2013.06.049. Fujii Y. Harada K.H. Koizumi A. : Occurrence of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in personal care products and compounding agents . Chemosphere 2013 , 93 , 538 – 544 , doi: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2013.06.049 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18. Gazzotti T., Sirri F., Ghelli E., Zironi E., Zampiga M., Pagliuca G.: Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in eggs from backyard chickens reared in Italy. Food Chem 2021, 362, 130178, doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130178. Gazzotti T. Sirri F. Ghelli E. Zironi E. Zampiga M. Pagliuca G. : Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in eggs from backyard chickens reared in Italy . Food Chem 2021 , 362 , 130178 , doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130178 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19. Ghisi R., Vamerali T., Manzetti S.: Accumulation of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in agricultural plants: A review. Environ Res 2019, 169, 326–341, doi:10.1016/J.ENVRES.2018.10.023. Ghisi R. Vamerali T. Manzetti S. : Accumulation of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in agricultural plants: A review . Environ Res 2019 , 169 , 326 – 341 , doi: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2018.10.023 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20. Gomis M.I., Vestergren R., Borg D., Cousins I.T.: Comparing the toxic potency in vivo of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and fluorinated alternatives. Environ Int 2018, 113, 1–9, doi: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2018.01.011. Gomis M.I. Vestergren R. Borg D. Cousins I.T. : Comparing the toxic potency in vivo of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and fluorinated alternatives . Environ Int 2018 , 113 , 1 – 9 , doi: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2018.01.011 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21. Granby K., Ersbøll B.K., Olesen P.T., Christensen T., Sørensen S.: Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in commercial organic eggs via fishmeal in feed. Chemosphere 2024, 346, 140553, doi: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2023.140553. Granby K. Ersbøll B.K. Olesen P.T. Christensen T. Sørensen S. : Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in commercial organic eggs via fishmeal in feed . Chemosphere 2024 , 346 , 140553 , doi: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2023.140553 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22. Hlouskova V., Hradkova P., Poustka J., Brambilla G., De Filipps S.P., D’Hollander W., Bervoets L., Herzke D., Huber S., De Voogt P., Pulkrabova J.: Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in various food items of animal origin collected in four European countries. Food Addit Contam A 2013, 30, 1918–1932, doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.837585. Hlouskova V. Hradkova P. Poustka J. Brambilla G. De Filipps S.P. D’Hollander W. Bervoets L. Herzke D. Huber S. De Voogt P. Pulkrabova J. : Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in various food items of animal origin collected in four European countries . Food Addit Contam A 2013 , 30 , 1918 – 1932 , doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.837585 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23. Kikuchi J., Wiberg K., Stendahl J., Ahrens L.: Analysis of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in soil from Swedish background sites. Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 2018. Kikuchi J. Wiberg K. Stendahl J. Ahrens L. : Analysis of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in soil from Swedish background sites . Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala, Sweden , 2018 . Search in Google Scholar

24. Kowalczyk J., Ehlers S., Oberhausen A., Tischer M., Fürst P., Schafft H., Lahrssen-Wiederholt M.: Absorption, distribution, and milk secretion of the perfluoroalkyl acids PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA by dairy cows fed naturally contaminated feed. J Agric Food Chem 2013, 61, 2903–2912, doi: 10.1021/JF304680J. Kowalczyk J. Ehlers S. Oberhausen A. Tischer M. Fürst P. Schafft H. Lahrssen-Wiederholt M. : Absorption, distribution, and milk secretion of the perfluoroalkyl acids PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA by dairy cows fed naturally contaminated feed . J Agric Food Chem 2013 , 61 , 2903 – 2912 , doi: 10.1021/JF304680J . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. Kowalczyk J., Göckener B., Eichhorn M., Kotthoff M., Bücking M., Schafft H., Lahrssen-Wiederholt M., Numata J.: Transfer of Per-And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Feed into the Eggs of Laying Hens. Part 2: Toxicokinetic Results including the Role of Precursors. J Agric Food Chem 2020, 68, 12539–12548, doi: 10.1021/ACS.JAFC.0C04485. Kowalczyk J. Göckener B. Eichhorn M. Kotthoff M. Bücking M. Schafft H. Lahrssen-Wiederholt M. Numata J. : Transfer of Per-And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Feed into the Eggs of Laying Hens. Part 2: Toxicokinetic Results including the Role of Precursors . J Agric Food Chem 2020 , 68 , 12539 – 12548 , doi: 10.1021/ACS.JAFC.0C04485 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26. Li R.R., Yu Q.L., Han L., Cao H.: Nutritional Characteristics and Active Components in Liver from Wagyu×Qinchuan Cattle. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2014, 34, 214–220, doi: 10.5851/KOSFA.2014.34.2.214. Li R.R. Yu Q.L. Han L. Cao H. : Nutritional Characteristics and Active Components in Liver from Wagyu×Qinchuan Cattle . Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2014 , 34 , 214 – 220 , doi: 10.5851/KOSFA.2014.34.2.214 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27. Li X., Gao K., Dong S., Liu X., Fu K., Wang P., Zhang A., Su X., Fu J.: Length-specific occurrence and profile of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in animal protein feeds. J Hazard Mater 2019, 373, 224–231, doi: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2019.03.074. Li X. Gao K. Dong S. Liu X. Fu K. Wang P. Zhang A. Su X. Fu J. : Length-specific occurrence and profile of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in animal protein feeds . J Hazard Mater 2019 , 373 , 224 – 231 , doi: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2019.03.074 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28. Lindstrom A.B., Strynar M.J., Libelo E.L.: Polyfluorinated Compounds: Past, Present, and Future. Environ Sci Technol 2011, 45, 7954–7961, doi: 10.1021/ES2011622. Lindstrom A.B. Strynar M.J. Libelo E.L. : Polyfluorinated Compounds: Past, Present, and Future . Environ Sci Technol 2011 , 45 , 7954 – 7961 , doi: 10.1021/ES2011622 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29. Lupton S.J., Huwe J.K., Smith D.J., Dearfield K.L., Johnston J.J.: Absorption and excretion of 14C-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in Angus cattle (Bos taurus). J Agric Food Chem 2012, 60, 1128–1134, doi: 10.1021/JF2042505. Lupton S.J. Huwe J.K. Smith D.J. Dearfield K.L. Johnston J.J. : Absorption and excretion of 14C-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in Angus cattle (Bos taurus) . J Agric Food Chem 2012 , 60 , 1128 – 1134 , doi: 10.1021/JF2042505 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30. Lupton S.J., Huwe J.K., Smith D.J., Dearfield K.L., Johnston J.J.: Distribution and excretion of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in beef cattle (Bos taurus). J Agric Food Chem 2014, 62, 1167–1173, doi: 10.1021/jf404355b. Lupton S.J. Huwe J.K. Smith D.J. Dearfield K.L. Johnston J.J. : Distribution and excretion of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in beef cattle (Bos taurus) . J Agric Food Chem 2014 , 62 , 1167 – 1173 , doi: 10.1021/jf404355b . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31. Mikołajczyk S., Pajurek M., Warenik-Bany M.: Perfluoroalkyl substances in hen eggs from different types of husbandry. Chemosphere 2022, 303, 134950, doi: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.134950. Mikołajczyk S. Pajurek M. Warenik-Bany M. : Perfluoroalkyl substances in hen eggs from different types of husbandry . Chemosphere 2022 , 303 , 134950 , doi: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.134950 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32. Ochieng Ochola G., Adhiambo Otieno D., Kecha A., Petrlik J., Strakova J., Beeler B., Grechko V., Bell L., Rosmus J., Fišar P.: Conference Paper. POPs in Plastic Products and Chicken Eggs from Kenya in the Light of the Basel and Stockholm Conventions. Proceedings of Dioxin 2023, The 43^rd International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), 10–14 September 2023, Maastricht, the Netherlands, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21312.30725, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373874902_POPs_in_Plastic_Products_and_Chicken_Eggs_from_ Kenya_in_the_Light_of_the_Basel_and_Stockholm_Conventions. Ochieng Ochola G. Adhiambo Otieno D. Kecha A. Petrlik J. Strakova J. Beeler B. Grechko V. Bell L. Rosmus J. Fišar P. : Conference Paper. POPs in Plastic Products and Chicken Eggs from Kenya in the Light of the Basel and Stockholm Conventions . Proceedings of Dioxin 2023, The 43^rd International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) , 10–14 September 2023 , Maastricht, the Netherlands , doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21312.30725 , https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373874902_POPs_in_Plastic_Products_and_Chicken_Eggs_from_Kenya_in_the_Light_of_the_Basel_and_Stockholm_Conventions. Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33. Önel S.E., Sungur Ş., Köroğlu M.: Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in livestock feeds. South African J Anim Sci 2018, 48, 1042–1048, doi: 10.4314/sajas.v48i6.6. Önel S.E. Sungur Ş. Köroğlu M. : Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in livestock feeds . South African J Anim Sci 2018 , 48 , 1042 – 1048 , doi: 10.4314/sajas.v48i6.6 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

34. Pajurek M., Pietroń W., Maszewski S., Mikołajczyk S.: Poultry eggs as a source of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs and PBDD/Fs. Chemosphere 2019, 223, 651–658, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.023. Pajurek M. Pietroń W. Maszewski S. Mikołajczyk S. : Poultry eggs as a source of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs and PBDD/Fs . Chemosphere 2019 , 223 , 651 – 658 , doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.023 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35. Petrlik J., Bell L., Beeler B., Møller M., Jopkova M., Arisandi P., Brabcova K., Carcamo M., Chávez Arce S.C., Dizon T., Ismawati Drwiega Y., Kuepouo G., Mng’anya S., Ochieng Ochola G., Skalsky M.: Plastic waste disposal leads to contamination of the food chain. International Pollution Elimination Network, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2021. Petrlik J. Bell L. Beeler B. Møller M. Jopkova M. Arisandi P. Brabcova K. Carcamo M. Chávez Arce S.C. Dizon T. Ismawati Drwiega Y. Kuepouo G. Mng’anya S. Ochieng Ochola G. Skalsky M. : Plastic waste disposal leads to contamination of the food chain . International Pollution Elimination Network , Gothenburg , Sweden , 2021 . Search in Google Scholar

36. Petrlik J., Ismawati Y., Arisandi P., Bell L., Beeler B., Grechko V., Ozanova S.: Toxic Hot Spots in Java and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Eggs – Research Report. International Pollution Elimination Network, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2020. Petrlik J. Ismawati Y. Arisandi P. Bell L. Beeler B. Grechko V. Ozanova S. : Toxic Hot Spots in Java and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Eggs – Research Report . International Pollution Elimination Network , Gothenburg , Sweden , 2020 . Search in Google Scholar

37. Stahl T., Heyn J., Thiele H., Hüther J., Failing K., Georgii S., Brunn H.: Carryover of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from soil to plants. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2009, 57, 289–298, doi: 10.1007/S00244-008-9272-9/TABLES/8. Stahl T. Heyn J. Thiele H. Hüther J. Failing K. Georgii S. Brunn H. : Carryover of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from soil to plants . Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2009 , 57 , 289 – 298 , doi: 10.1007/S00244-008-9272-9/TABLES/8 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

38. Statistics Poland. Statistical Yearbook of Agriculture 2022. Statistics Poland, Warsaw, Poland, 2023. Statistics Poland . Statistical Yearbook of Agriculture 2022 . Statistics Poland , Warsaw, Poland , 2023 . Search in Google Scholar

39. Stein C.R., Savitz D.A.: Serum perfluorinated compound concentration and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children 5–18 years of age. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119, 1466–1471, doi: 10.1289/EHP.1003538. Stein C.R. Savitz D.A. : Serum perfluorinated compound concentration and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children 5–18 years of age . Environ Health Perspect 2011 , 119 , 1466 – 1471 , doi: 10.1289/EHP.1003538 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

40. Su H., Shi Y., Lu Y., Wang P., Zhang M., Sweetman A., Jones K., Johnson A.: Home produced eggs: An important pathway of human exposure to perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) around a fluorochemical industrial park in China. Environ Int 2017, 101, 1–6, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.016. Su H. Shi Y. Lu Y. Wang P. Zhang M. Sweetman A. Jones K. Johnson A. : Home produced eggs: An important pathway of human exposure to perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) around a fluorochemical industrial park in China . Environ Int 2017 , 101 , 1 – 6 , doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.016 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

41. Surma M., Sznajder-Katarzyńska K., Wiczkowski W., Piskuła M., Zieliński H.: Detection of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in High-Protein Food Products. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023, 42, 2589–2598, doi: 10.1002/ETC.5743. Surma M. Sznajder-Katarzyńska K. Wiczkowski W. Piskuła M. Zieliński H. : Detection of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in High-Protein Food Products . Environ Toxicol Chem 2023 , 42 , 2589 – 2598 , doi: 10.1002/ETC.5743 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

42. Wang G., Lu J., Li S., Liu Z., Chang H., Xie C.: Pollution levels and risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in beef muscle and liver from southern Xinjiang. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2018, 25, 25486–25495, doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2624-8. Wang G. Lu J. Li S. Liu Z. Chang H. Xie C. : Pollution levels and risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in beef muscle and liver from southern Xinjiang . Environ Sci Pollut Res 2018 , 25 , 25486 – 25495 , doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2624-8 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

43. Wang G., Lu J., Xing Z., Li S., Liu Z., Tong Y.: Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in Muscle and Liver of Cattle in Xinjiang, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017, 14, 970, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH14090970. Wang G. Lu J. Xing Z. Li S. Liu Z. Tong Y. : Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in Muscle and Liver of Cattle in Xinjiang, China . Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017 , 14 , 970 , doi: 10.3390/IJERPH14090970 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

44. Wang W., Rhodes G., Ge J., Yu X., Li H.: Uptake and accumulation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in plants. Chemosphere 2020, 261, 127584, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127584. Wang W. Rhodes G. Ge J. Yu X. Li H. : Uptake and accumulation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in plants . Chemosphere 2020 , 261 , 127584 , doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127584 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

45. Wang Y., Liu J., Li J., Zhao Y., Wu Y.: Dietary Exposure of Chinese Adults to Perfluoroalkyl Acids via Animal-Origin Foods: Chinese Total Diet Study (2005–2007 and 2011–2013). J Agric Food Chem 2019, 67, 6048–6055, doi: 10.1021/ACS.JAFC.9B01108. Wang Y. Liu J. Li J. Zhao Y. Wu Y. : Dietary Exposure of Chinese Adults to Perfluoroalkyl Acids via Animal-Origin Foods: Chinese Total Diet Study (2005–2007 and 2011–2013) . J Agric Food Chem 2019 , 67 , 6048 – 6055 , doi: 10.1021/ACS.JAFC.9B01108 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

46. Wang Z., Cousins I.T., Scheringer M., Buck R.C., Hungerbühler K.: Global emission inventories for C4–C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) homologues from 1951 to 2030, Part I: production and emissions from quantifiable sources. Environ Int 2014, 70, 62–75, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.013. Wang Z. Cousins I.T. Scheringer M. Buck R.C. Hungerbühler K. : Global emission inventories for C4–C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) homologues from 1951 to 2030, Part I: production and emissions from quantifiable sources . Environ Int 2014 , 70 , 62 – 75 , doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.013 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

47. Weber R., Herold C., Hollert H., Kamphues J., Blepp M., Ballschmiter K.: Reviewing the relevance of dioxin and PCB sources for food from animal origin and the need for their inventory, control and management. Environ Sci Eur 2018, 30, 42, doi: 10.1186/S12302-018-0166-9. Weber R. Herold C. Hollert H. Kamphues J. Blepp M. Ballschmiter K. : Reviewing the relevance of dioxin and PCB sources for food from animal origin and the need for their inventory, control and management . Environ Sci Eur 2018 , 30 , 42 , doi: 10.1186/S12302-018-0166-9 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

48. Wilson T.B., Stevenson G., Crough R., de Araujo J., Fernando N., Anwar A., Scott T., Quinteros J.A., Scott P.C., Archer M.J.G.: Evaluation of Residues in Hen Eggs After Exposure of Laying Hens to Water Containing Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021, 40, 735–743, doi: 10.1002/ETC.4723. Wilson T.B. Stevenson G. Crough R. de Araujo J. Fernando N. Anwar A. Scott T. Quinteros J.A. Scott P.C. Archer M.J.G. : Evaluation of Residues in Hen Eggs After Exposure of Laying Hens to Water Containing Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances . Environ Toxicol Chem 2021 , 40 , 735 – 743 , doi: 10.1002/ETC.4723 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

49. Zafeiraki E., Costopoulou D., Vassiliadou I., Leondiadis L., Dassenakis E., Hoogenboom R.L.A.P., van Leeuwen S.P.J.: Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in home and commercially produced chicken eggs from the Netherlands and Greece. Chemosphere 2016, 144, 2106–2112, doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.105. Zafeiraki E. Costopoulou D. Vassiliadou I. Leondiadis L. Dassenakis E. Hoogenboom R.L.A.P. van Leeuwen S.P.J. : Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in home and commercially produced chicken eggs from the Netherlands and Greece . Chemosphere 2016 , 144 , 2106 – 2112 , doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.105 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

50. Zafeiraki E., Vassiliadou I., Costopoulou D., Leondiadis L., Schafft H.A., Hoogenboom R.L.A.P., van Leeuwen S.P.J.: Perfluoroalkylated substances in edible livers of farm animals, including depuration behaviour in young sheep fed with contaminated grass. Chemosphere 2016, 156, 280–285, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.003. Zafeiraki E. Vassiliadou I. Costopoulou D. Leondiadis L. Schafft H.A. Hoogenboom R.L.A.P. van Leeuwen S.P.J. : Perfluoroalkylated substances in edible livers of farm animals, including depuration behaviour in young sheep fed with contaminated grass . Chemosphere 2016 , 156 , 280 – 285 , doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.003 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar