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Comparison of transfer of different sulphonamides from contaminated beeswax to honey

Kamila Mitrowska

Kamila Mitrowska

oraz

| 27 maj 2024

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Data publikacji: 27 maj 2024

Zakres stron: -

Otrzymano: 08 sty 2024

Przyjęty: 21 maj 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0029

Słowa kluczowe
sulphonamides, beeswax, honey, transfer, LC-MS/MS

© 2024 Kamila Mitrowska et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Concentrations of sulphadimethoxine (SDM), sulphamonomethoxine (SMM), sulphadoxine (SDX), sulphamethoxazole (SMX), sulphamethazine (SMZ), sulphamerazine (SMR), sulphadiazine (SDA), sulphameter (SMT), sulphacetamide (SCA) and sulphathiazole (STZ) in honey sampled from a comb drawn out on a wax foundation contaminated with these antimicrobials at 4,625, 5,326, 4,541, 3,824, 4,138, 4,358, 5,027, 1,993, 4,409 and 3,072 μg/kg, respectively (n = 4)

Validation parameters calculated for determination of sulphonamides in honey and beeswax samples (n = 18)

Honey				Beeswax
Sample	Concentration (μg/kg)	Recovery (%)	Intermediate precision (CV, %)	Concentration (μg/kg)	Recovery (%)	Intermediate precision (CV, %)
SCA	2	69.7	15.1	1,000	71.9	12.7
	25	68.1	14.9	5,000	73.1	14.6
	100	72.4	16.6	10,000	69.1	13.2
SDA	2	96.7	12.9	1,000	98.2	11.4
	25	98.4	11.7	5,000	99.2	12.3
	100	99.3	13.2	10,000	97.7	12.9
STZ	2	93.3	13.4	1,000	98.9	10.4
	25	93.2	11.8	5,000	99.1	12.3
	100	94.2	14.2	10,000	97.2	10.9
SMR	2	97.2	14.8	1,000	97.4	10.1
	25	99.7	13.2	5,000	98.6	10.9
	200	98.3	14.6	10,000	97.7	12.3
SMZ	2	97.4	11.9	1,000	99.1	12.9
	25	99.7	13.2	5,000	98.6	10.4
	200	98.1	12.8	10,000	99.7	12.1
SMT	2	98.0	12.3	1,000	97.1	11.7
	25	96.7	11.1	5,000	98.5	13.2
	200	99.3	12.8	10,000	97.9	10.5
SMM	2	96.9	13.7	1,000	99.9	12.1
	25	98.0	12.9	5,000	97.0	10.3
	200	99.6	14.1	10,000	99.1	12.2
SDX	2	97.0	10.4	1,000	98.2	13.2
	25	99.9	11.2	5,000	97.9	11.5
	200	98.3	10.7	10,000	99.7	13.3
SMX	2	96.1	14.5	1,000	98.0	11.8
	25	97.8	13.8	5,000	96.6	11.9
	200	99.7	13.2	10,000	98.8	12.8
SDM	2	95.6	15.9	1,000	96.3	12.9
	25	94.2	13.2	5,000	99.3	12.6
	200	97.8	15.2	10,000	97.0	10.2

Predicted pKa and lipophilicity of sulphonamides

Analyte	pKa₁^apKa₂^b	% particles in the unionised form at pH 4.2	logP	Analyte	pKa₁^apKa₂^b	% particles in the unionised form at pH 4.2	logP
SDM	1.956.91	99.3	1.26	SMZ	2.006.99	99.2	0.65
SDX	2.116.12	98.0	0.58	SMR	2.006.99	99.2	0.52
SMM	2.177.15	99.0	0.74	SDA	2.016.99	99.2	0.39
SMX	1.975.86	97.3	0.79	STZ	2.045.73	96.4	0.98
SMT	1.987.06	99.3	0.23	SCA	2.145.60	95.3	-0.26

The concentrations and recoveries of sulphonamides calculated for the beeswax foundation fortified with 10 sulphonamides at 10,000 μg/kg (n = 4)

Analyte	Concentration (μg/kg)	Recovery (%)	Analyte	Concentration (μg/kg)	Recovery (%)
SDM	4,625 ± 287	46	SMR	4,358 ± 260	44
SMM	5,326 ± 399	53	SDA	5,027 ± 318	50
SDX	4,541 ± 383	45	SMT	1,993 ± 156	20
SMX	3,824 ± 406	38	SCA	4,409 ± 370	44
SMZ	4,138 ± 152	41	STZ	3,072 ± 236	31

The maximum transfer (%) of sulphonamides from tainted beeswax to the honey stored in the comb

Analyte	The maximum transfer (%) of sulphonamides
Analyte	1 month	2 months	3 months	4 months	5 months	6 months
SDM	13.2	15.7	21.1	42.6	20.4	9.9
SDX	10.3	13.4	17.9	34.3	18.3	8.1
SMM	10.0	11.5	15.8	31.7	14.9	6.9
SMX	7.9	9.3	13.9	30.1	13.5	5.1
SMT	8.4	12.3	17.7	29.5	18.6	9.0
SMZ	8.2	9.6	13.6	25.2	12.3	5.8
SMR	6.2	7.0	10.6	18.7	9.7	4.2
SDA	4.5	5.6	8.6	16.1	8.4	3.9
STZ	2.2	3.2	5.6	9.5	6.4	2.3
SCA	3.6	5.0	7.8	8.6	8.5	4.0

eISSN:: 2450-8608
Język:: Angielski

Częstotliwość wydawania:: 4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:: Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, other, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine

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