<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Campylobacteriosis is the most common human foodborne bacterial infection worldwide and is caused by bacteria of the <italic>Camplylobacter</italic> genus. The main source of these bacteria is poultry, but other food-producing animals such as pigs are also responsible for human infections. An increasing number of strains with resistance to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials such as macrolides were recently noted. The aim of the study was to investigate <italic>Campylobacter</italic> contamination of porcine carcasses and determine the antimicrobial resistance of the obtained isolates.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>A total of 534 swabs from carcasses of pigs slaughtered in Poland during 2019–2022 were tested for <italic>Campylobacter</italic> spp.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Results</h3>
<p><italic>Campylobacter</italic> was detected in 164 (30.7%) carcasses; among them 149 (90.8%) were classified as <italic>C. coli</italic> and the remaining 15 (9.2%) samples were <italic>C. jejuni</italic>-positive. Because a low number of <italic>C. jejuni</italic> isolates were identified, only the <italic>C. coli</italic> isolates were subjected to antimicrobial resistance analysis. The majority of these isolates were resistant to streptomycin (94.0%), ciprofloxacin (65.8%) and tetracycline (65.1%). A total of 94 (63.1%) strains displayed antimicrobial multiresistance patterns and were mainly resistant to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines (74; 49.7% of the isolates tested).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The obtained results showed that pig carcasses may be contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant <italic>C. coli</italic>.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Campylobacteriosis is the most common human foodborne bacterial infection worldwide and is caused by bacteria of the Camplylobacter genus. The main source of these bacteria is poultry, but other food-producing animals such as pigs are also responsible for human infections. An increasing number of strains with resistance to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials such as macrolides were recently noted. The aim of the study was to investigate Campylobacter contamination of porcine carcasses and determine the antimicrobial resistance of the obtained isolates.


Material and Methods
A total of 534 swabs from carcasses of pigs slaughtered in Poland during 2019–2022 were tested for Campylobacter spp.


Results
Campylobacter was detected in 164 (30.7%) carcasses; among them 149 (90.8%) were classified as C. coli and the remaining 15 (9.2%) samples were C. jejuni-positive. Because a low number of C. jejuni isolates were identified, only the C. coli isolates were subjected to antimicrobial resistance analysis. The majority of these isolates were resistant to streptomycin (94.0%), ciprofloxacin (65.8%) and tetracycline (65.1%). A total of 94 (63.1%) strains displayed antimicrobial multiresistance patterns and were mainly resistant to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines (74; 49.7% of the isolates tested).


Conclusion
The obtained results showed that pig carcasses may be contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant C. coli.

Porcine carcasses as an underestimated source of antimicrobial resistant <italic>Campylobacter coli</italic>

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Porcine carcasses as an underestimated source of antimicrobial resistant 

Introduction
Campylobacteriosis is the most common human foodborne bacterial infection worldwide and is caused by bacteria of the Camplylobacter genus. The...

Year of sampling	Number of carcasses		Number (%) of carcasses positive by Campylobacter spp.
Year of sampling	Tested	Positive for Campylobacter spp. (%)	C. coli	C. jejuni
2019	53	18 (34.0)	17 (32.1)	1 (1.9)
2020	154	38 (24.7)	33 (21.4)	5 (3.2)
2021	165	55 (33.3)	50 (30.3)	5 (3.0)
2022	162	53 (32.7)	49 (30.2)	4 (2.5)
Total	534	164 (30.7)	149 (27.9)	15 (2.8)

Antimicrobial resistance profile	Number (%) of multiresistant isolates
	Year of isolation (number of isolates)
	2019 (n = 17)	2020 (n = 33)	2021 (n = 50)	2022 (n = 49)	Total (n = 149)
CIP + STR + TET	6 (35.3)	19 (48.7)	24 (48.0)	25 (51.0)	74 (49.7)
CIP + ERY + STR + TET	0	1 (3.0)	3 (6.0)	6 (12.2)	10 (6.7)
CIP + ERY + STR	2 (11.8)	0	5 (10.0)	0	7 (4.7)
ERY + STR + TET	0	0	1 (1.7)	1 (2.0)	2 (1.3)
CIR + ERY + GEN + STR	0	0	1 (1.7)	0	1 (0.7)

Antimicrobials		Number (%) of C. coli resistant isolates
		Year of isolation (number of isolates)
		2019 (n = 17)	2020 (n = 33)	2021 (n = 50)	2022 (n = 49)	Total (n = 149)
Aminoglycosides	gentamycin	0	0	1 (1.7)	0	1 (0.7)
Aminoglycosides	streptomycin	14 (82.3)	30 (76.9)	49 (86.0)	47 (90.4)	140 (94.0)
Fluoroquinolones	ciprofloxacin	10 (58.8)	22 (66.7)	31 (62.0)	35 (71.4)	98 (65.8)
Tetracyclines	tetracycline	12 (70.6)	26 (78.8)	24 (48.0)	35 (71.4)	97 (65.1)
Macrolides	erythromycin	3 (17.6)	1 (2.6)	8 (14.0)	9 (17.3)	21 (14.1)

Porcine carcasses as an underestimated source of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter coli

Data publikacji: 20 wrz 2023

Zakres stron: 389 - 395

Otrzymano: 16 maj 2023

Przyjęty: 09 sie 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0047

Słowa kluczowe
pig carcasses, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance

© 2023 Jacek Osek et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in porcine carcasses tested

Antimicrobial multiresistance profiles of C. coli isolated from porcine carcasses

Antimicrobial resistance of C. coli isolated from porcine carcasses

Porcine carcasses as an underestimated source of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter coli

Data publikacji: 20 wrz 2023

Zakres stron: 389 - 395

Otrzymano: 16 maj 2023

Przyjęty: 09 sie 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0047

Słowa kluczowepig carcasses, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance

© 2023 Jacek Osek et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in porcine carcasses tested

Antimicrobial multiresistance profiles of C. coli isolated from porcine carcasses

Antimicrobial resistance of C. coli isolated from porcine carcasses

Słowa kluczowe
pig carcasses, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance