Survey of the enniatins and beauvericin in raw and UHT cow’s milk in Poland
Data publikacji: 16 cze 2023
Zakres stron: 259 - 266
Otrzymano: 23 paź 2022
Przyjęty: 30 mar 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0021
Słowa kluczowe
© 2023 Katarzyna Pietruszka et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Introduction
The enniatins A, A1, B and B1 (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) are structurally related compounds produced by
Material and Methods
A total of 103 bovine milk samples (76 of raw milk and 27 of UHT milk) were collected from different parts of Poland and analysed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
Results
Among the 76 raw milk samples, 31 (41%) and 15 (20%) samples were contaminated with ENN B and with BEA, respectively. No contamination with other enniatins was found. The highest concentration of BEA was found in raw milk and was 6.17 μg kg–1. Out of the 27 samples of UHT milk, 16 (59%) were contaminated with ENN B at concentrations ranging from 0.157 μg kg–1 to 0.587 μg kg–1 (limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.098 μg kg–1). Beauvericin was detected in 9 UHT milk samples (33%) at concentrations ranging from 0.101 μg kg–1 to 1.934 μg kg–1 (LOQ 0.095 μg kg–1).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated constant but low milk contamination in Poland with ENN B and BEA. The analysis of milk samples revealed that the emerging mycotoxins ENN B and BEA were measured in trace amounts. It does not suggest any immediate risk to milk consumers; however, it is unknown whether long-term exposure to low levels of toxins may be harmful.