Province | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ | Tested | + | Tested | + | Tested | + | Tested | + | Tested | + | Tested | |
Gyeonggi | 7 | 159 | 14 | 124 | 9 | 73 | 5 | 79 | 13 | 129 | 8 | 148 |
Gangwon | 10 | 130 | 9 | 79 | 8 | 129 | 2 | 95 | 8 | 55 | 3 | 87 |
Chungbuk | 8 | 83 | 15 | 84 | 8 | 94 | 5 | 114 | 9 | 126 | 2 | 120 |
Chungnam | 6 | 57 | 10 | 86 | 3 | 51 | 9 | 120 | 5 | 175 | 6 | 88 |
Jeonbuk | 8 | 79 | 14 | 156 | 3 | 179 | 16 | 81 | 16 | 150 | 10 | 119 |
Jeonnam | 14 | 91 | 15 | 108 | 9 | 135 | 10 | 139 | 24 | 73 | 9 | 108 |
Gyeongbuk | 6 | 58 | 12 | 94 | 16 | 103 | 13 | 96 | 9 | 89 | 16 | 89 |
Gyeongnam | 10 | 94 | 13 | 64 | 19 | 71 | 5 | 94 | 18 | 72 | 6 | 134 |
Jeju | 19 | 112 | 19 | 90 | 9 | 72 | 9 | 79 | 16 | 79 | 6 | 79 |
Subtotal | 88 | 863 | 121 | 885 | 84 | 907 | 74 | 897 | 118 | 948 | 66 | 972 |
Univariate analysis | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Positive (n=139) | Negative (n=776) | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
Animal species | ||||||
Goat | 60 | 450 | Reference | |||
Sheep | 55 | 438 | 0.942 (0.638–1.389) | 0.762 | ||
Age class | ||||||
Juvenile | 20 | 242 | Reference | 0.575 (0.334–0.989) | 0.044 | |
Subadult | 44 | 291 | 1.830 | 0.031 | 1.052 | 0.816 |
(1.050–3.188) | (0.683–1.621) | |||||
Adult | 51 | 355 | 1.738 (1.011–2.990) | 0.044 | Reference | |
Population sizes of the flocks | ||||||
<6 head | 28 | 280 | Reference | 0.707 (0.428–1.166) | 0.173 | |
6-10 head | 43 | 297 | 1.448 (0.875–2.395) | 0.148 | 1.023 (0.653–1.604) | 0.920 |
>10 head | 44 | 311 | 1.415 (0.858–2.334) | 0.173 | Reference | |
Flock structure | ||||||
Goats and/or sheep alone | 66 | 502 | Reference | |||
With other ruminants | 49 | 386 | 0.966 (0.652–1.430) | 0.861 | ||
Reproductive problems | ||||||
No | 79 | 701 | Reference | |||
Yes | 36 | 187 | 1.708 (1.116–2.615) | 0.013 | ||
Vector control | ||||||
No | 88 | 591 | Reference | |||
Yes | 27 | 297 | 0.611 | 0.031 | ||
(0.388–0.961) | ||||||
Presence of ruminant farms | ||||||
within a 1-km radius | ||||||
No | 60 | 461 | Reference | |||
Yes | 55 | 427 | 0.990 (0.671–1.460) | 0.958 | ||
Presence of lakes or rice paddies within | ||||||
a 1-km radius | ||||||
No | 63 | 512 | Reference | |||
Yes | 52 | 376 | 1.124 (0.761–1.661) | 0.558 | ||
Land use | ||||||
Urban | 15 | 199 | Reference | 0.540 (0.297–0.981) | 0.041 | |
Agricultural | 54 | 387 | 2.021 (1.098–3.718) | 0.022 | Reference | |
Woodland and seminatural | 46 | 302 | 1.851 (1.019–3.363) | 0.041 | 1.092 (0.716–1.663) | 0.683 |
Location of the farm | ||||||
in South Korea | ||||||
Northern | 41 | 440 | Reference | |||
Southern | 74 | 448 | 1.773 (1.184–2.654) | 0.005 | ||
Location of the farm in South Korea | ||||||
Eastern | 86 | 543 | Reference | |||
Western | 29 | 345 | 1.884 (1.211–2.931) | 0.004 |
Flock-level seroprevalence | Animal-level seroprevalence | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Province latitude–longitude | Positive* | Tested | % | Positive* | Tested | % |
Incheon (N) 36°55′–37°58′ (E) 124°36′–126°47′ | 1 | 10 | 10.0 | 2 | 25 | 8.0 |
Ulsan (N) 35°19′–35°43′ (E) 128°58′–129°27′ | 1 | 12 | 8.3 | 3 | 27 | 11.1 |
Gyeonggi (N) 36°53′–38°17′ (E) 126°22′–127°51′ | 10 | 105 | 9.5 | 31 | 281 | 11.0 |
Gangwon (N) 38°09′–39°25′ (E) 126°46′–128°22′ | 1 | 38 | 2.6 | 2 | 84 | 2.4 |
Chungbuk (N) 37°15′–36°00′ (E) 127°16′–128°38′ | 2 | 34 | 5.9 | 6 | 91 | 6.6 |
Chungnam (N) 35°58′–37°03′ (E) 125°32′–127°38′ | 1 | 60 | 1.7 | 2 | 87 | 2.3 |
Jeonbuk (N) 35°18′–36°09′ (E) 125°58′–127°54′ | 3 | 33 | 9.1 | 8 | 93 | 8.6 |
Jeonnam (N) 33°54′–35°30′ (E) 125°04′–127°54′ | 2 | 44 | 4.5 | 30 | 105 | 28.6 |
Gyeongbuk (N) 35°34′–37°33′ (E) 127°48′–131°52′ | 2 | 43 | 4.7 | 8 | 85 | 9.4 |
Gyeongnam (N) 34°39′–35°54′ (E) 127°35′–129°28′ | 3 | 44 | 6.8 | 10 | 87 | 11.5 |
Jeju (N) 33°06′–34°00′ (E) 126°08′–126°58′ | 2 | 18 | 11.1 | 13 | 38 | 34.2 |
Total (N) 33°06′–39°25′ (E) 124°36′–131°52′ | 28 | 441 | 6.3 | 115 | 1003 | 11.5 |