<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0050_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Foot rot in small ruminants is highly contagious, causes severe lameness, and impairs fertility and wool and meat production. It is usually treated with parenteral antibiotics, with attendant antibiotic resistance risk, and with bactericidal footbaths, potentially harmful to humans and the environment. An alternative treatment in sheep is proposed based on repeated topical ozonated ointment application. Its effectiveness and safety were evaluated by estimation of acute-phase response, biochemical indicators of organic damage, and antioxidant/oxidant balance (AOB).</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0050_s_006">
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>The study was conducted on ten sheep with Egerton scale 2–3 lesions. Ozone application was repeated every day for seven days. Blood was drawn first (T0) after foot cleaning and before ozonation, then (T1) seven days after the first ozone application, and finally (T2) four days after the last application.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0050_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>High clinical effectiveness was observed, with total recovery by 28 days from the start of treatment. A significant increase in antiradical activity was noted on the basis of a 2,2ʹ-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay from 1.16 ± 0.04 μmolTe/mL at T0 to 1.23 ± 0.03 μmolTe/mL at T1, with a slight decrease in oxidative stress. Calculated on the basis of antiradical capacity, AOB was higher at T1 (130 ± 19%) and decreased to 110 ± 16% at T2. Calculated on the basis of reducing power, it was 169 ± 22% at T1 and 131 ± 17% at T2.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0050_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>These results indicated that the AOB is efficient enough to prevent oxidative organ injury and the applied doses of ozone are safe for animals.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Foot rot in small ruminants is highly contagious, causes severe lameness, and impairs fertility and wool and meat production. It is usually treated with parenteral antibiotics, with attendant antibiotic resistance risk, and with bactericidal footbaths, potentially harmful to humans and the environment. An alternative treatment in sheep is proposed based on repeated topical ozonated ointment application. Its effectiveness and safety were evaluated by estimation of acute-phase response, biochemical indicators of organic damage, and antioxidant/oxidant balance (AOB).

Material and Methods
The study was conducted on ten sheep with Egerton scale 2–3 lesions. Ozone application was repeated every day for seven days. Blood was drawn first (T0) after foot cleaning and before ozonation, then (T1) seven days after the first ozone application, and finally (T2) four days after the last application.

Results
High clinical effectiveness was observed, with total recovery by 28 days from the start of treatment. A significant increase in antiradical activity was noted on the basis of a 2,2ʹ-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay from 1.16 ± 0.04 μmolTe/mL at T0 to 1.23 ± 0.03 μmolTe/mL at T1, with a slight decrease in oxidative stress. Calculated on the basis of antiradical capacity, AOB was higher at T1 (130 ± 19%) and decreased to 110 ± 16% at T2. Calculated on the basis of reducing power, it was 169 ± 22% at T1 and 131 ± 17% at T2.

Conclusion
These results indicated that the AOB is efficient enough to prevent oxidative organ injury and the applied doses of ozone are safe for animals.

Effects of topical treatment of foot rot in sheep using ozonated olive ointment

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

{"article-title":"Effects of topical treatment of foot rot in sheep using ozonated olive ointment"}

Introduction
Foot rot in small ruminants is highly contagious, causes severe lameness, and impairs fertility and wool and meat production. It is usually...

Measurement	ABTS (μmolTe/mL)	RP (μmolTe/mL)	MDA (nmol/mL)	AOB by ABTS (% of T0)	AOB by RP (% of T0)
Control	1.22 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.02	6.2 ± 0.18	–	–
T0	1.16 ± 0.04	0.1 ± 0.02	7.84 ± 0.18	–	–
T1	1.23 ± 0.03*	0.14 ± 0.01*	6.45 ± 0.39	129.93 ± 19.1	169.2 ± 22.0
T2	1.2 ± 0.07	0.13 ± 0.01*	7.4 ± 0.2	110.00 ± 16.2	130.77 ± 17.0

Protein	Control	Day 0	Day 7	Day 11
Fibrinogen (g/L)	4.10 ± 1.00	4.97 ± 0.51	4.67 ± 0.61*	5.06 ± 0.61*
Haptoglobin (g/L)	0.22 ± 0.20	0.61 ± 0.13	0.35 ± 0.11*	0.67 ± 0.16*

Effects of topical treatment of foot rot in sheep using ozonated olive ointment

Data publikacji: 23 wrz 2021

Zakres stron: 369 - 374

Otrzymano: 24 mar 2021

Przyjęty: 27 sie 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0050

Słowa kluczowe
foot rot, sheep, ozonated olive ointment, antioxidant/oxidant balance

© 2021 T. Szponder et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig 2

Antioxidant capacity, antioxidant/ oxidant balance, oxidative status

Changes in plasma concentration of selected acute-phase proteins in the course of local ozone treatment in sheep (n = 10)

Effects of topical treatment of foot rot in sheep using ozonated olive ointment

Data publikacji: 23 wrz 2021

Zakres stron: 369 - 374

Otrzymano: 24 mar 2021

Przyjęty: 27 sie 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0050

Słowa kluczowefoot rot, sheep, ozonated olive ointment, antioxidant/oxidant balance

© 2021 T. Szponder et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig 2

Antioxidant capacity, antioxidant/ oxidant balance, oxidative status

Changes in plasma concentration of selected acute-phase proteins in the course of local ozone treatment in sheep (n = 10)

Słowa kluczowe
foot rot, sheep, ozonated olive ointment, antioxidant/oxidant balance