The reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, is a major yield-limiting pest of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in the United States that has been steadily increasing in incidence in many states. Reniform nematode-resistant cotton cultivars have recently become commercially available for cotton producers; however, few field trials have evaluated their efficacy as a nematode management tool. The aim of this study was to evaluate reniform nematode population development, plant growth, and seed cotton yield of reniform nematode-resistant cotton cultivars in two nematode-infested fields in Louisiana. Replicated small-plot field trials were conducted in St. Joseph, LA (NERS field) and Winnsboro, LA (MRRS field) during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. In 2022, cultivars evaluated included: (1) DP 1646 B2XF (susceptible/tolerant), (2) DP 2141NR B3XF (resistant), (3) PHY 332 W3FE (resistant), (4) PHY 411 W3FE (resistant), and (5) PHY 443 W3FE (resistant). In 2023, an additional susceptible cotton cultivar, PHY 340 W3FE, was also included. All nematode-resistant cotton cultivars evaluated provided suppression of reniform nematode population development relative to that of the susceptible cotton cultivars, with suppression of nematode soil population densities at harvest ranging from 49 – 81% relative to DP 1646 B2XF. The resistant cultivar PHY 411 W3FE provided the most consistent suppression of reniform nematode population development, reducing reniform nematode soil population densities at harvest in both field locations and both trial years. In contrast, DP 2141NR B3XF only reduced soil population densities at harvest in the NERS field in 2023. Despite relatively consistent nematode suppression and improvements in plant vigor ratings and canopy coverage associated with the resistant cotton cultivars, a yield increase was only observed with PHY 332 W3FE and PHY 411 W3FE planted at the NERS field in 2023. Despite strong resistance to reniform nematode in the evaluated cotton cultivars, nematode soil population densities still increased during the growing season in plots planted with resistant cotton cultivars, emphasizing the need for additional management tactics to use alongside host resistance. This study indicates that new reniform nematode-resistant cotton cultivars show promising potential to reduce nematode population development during the growing season in Louisiana.
