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Chemical Profiles of Heterodera glycines Suppressive Soils in Double Cropping Soybean Production

Leonardo F. Rocha
Leonardo F. Rocha
, 
Mary E. Kinsel
Mary E. Kinsel
, 
Jason P. Bond
Jason P. Bond
 oraz 
Ahmad. M. Fakhoury
Ahmad. M. Fakhoury
   | 29 sie 2023
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Article Category: Research Paper
Data publikacji: 29 sie 2023
Zakres stron: -
Otrzymano: 04 sty 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0030
Słowa kluczowe
© 2023 Leonardo F. Rocha et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

GCMS chromatograms of extracts from Towers soil samples collected from treatments (A: wheat; B: fallow) and time points (1: pre-soybean; 2: mid-soybean; 3: post-soybean).
GCMS chromatograms of extracts from Towers soil samples collected from treatments (A: wheat; B: fallow) and time points (1: pre-soybean; 2: mid-soybean; 3: post-soybean).

Figure 2:

GCMS chromatograms of extracts from Oakdale soil samples collected from treatments (A: wheat; B: fallow) and time points (1: pre-soybean; 2: mid-soybean; 3: post-soybean).
GCMS chromatograms of extracts from Oakdale soil samples collected from treatments (A: wheat; B: fallow) and time points (1: pre-soybean; 2: mid-soybean; 3: post-soybean).

Figure 3:

GCMS chromatograms of extracts from Nashville soil samples collected from treatments (A: wheat; B: fallow) and time points (1: pre-soybean; 2: mid-soybean; 3: post-soybean).
GCMS chromatograms of extracts from Nashville soil samples collected from treatments (A: wheat; B: fallow) and time points (1: pre-soybean; 2: mid-soybean; 3: post-soybean).

Figure 4:

Principal component analysis (PCA) based on SVD comparing the chemical profiles of soil samples across time points (pre-soybean, mid-soybean, and post-soybean) and treatments (fallow or wheat) within a location (Nashville, Oakdale, and Towers). Analysis was performed using ClustVis (Metsalu and Vilo, 2015).
Principal component analysis (PCA) based on SVD comparing the chemical profiles of soil samples across time points (pre-soybean, mid-soybean, and post-soybean) and treatments (fallow or wheat) within a location (Nashville, Oakdale, and Towers). Analysis was performed using ClustVis (Metsalu and Vilo, 2015).

Functional group profiles in soil samples collected from distinct locations (Nashville, Oakdale, and Towers) and samplings (pre-soybean, mid-soybean, and post-soybean). Numbers represent the ratio of the total relative area of a chemical in wheat plots compared to fallow ((WT/FL)*100). Gray/white cells highlight higher concentrations of a chemical group in wheat or fallow plots under their respective fields and samplings.

Compound Towers Oakdale Nashville
Pre-soy Mid-soy Post-soy Pre-soy Mid-soy Post-soy Pre-soy Mid-soy Post-soy
n-fatty acids 93.23 96.39 93.61 124.33 110.72 106.24 89.82 104.37 78.57
saturated fatty alcohol 120.82 122.21 91.15 63.42 85.42 88.94 168.19 111.9 155.62
Sterols 106.29 88.63 110.96 77.96 72.72 75.63 108.38 93.67 100.14
Unknown 97.49 129.97 108.43 74.11 97.97 130.11 82.55 70.61 132.07
n-aldehydes 89.01 132.93 110 43.85 98.61 63.16 90.81 100 204.74
propane-1,2-diols 67.68 112.64 112.63 144.16 125.86 71.64 0 64.04 84.51
Steroid ketones 74.58 136.71 116.67 41.05 143.64 101.59 89.61 98.67 64.85
fatty acid glycerol 102.56 154.02 116.28 80.46 157.78 116.67 133.33 75 92.16
alkylbenzene 63.16 111.11 122.22 0 80.28 70.59 43.66 75 96.7

Comparison of chemical profile in soil samples collected from distinct locations (Nashville, Oakdale, and Towers) and samplings (pre-soybean, mid-soybean, and post-soybean). Numbers represent the ratio of a compound in wheat plots compared to fallow ((WT/FL)*100). Gray/white cells highlight higher compound concentrations in wheat or fallow plots under their respective fields and samplings.

No. Compound Towers Oakdale Nashville
Pre-soy Mid-soy Post-soy Pre-soy Mid-soy Post-soy Pre-soy Mid-soy Post-soy
1 Propylene glycol, 2TMS 67.47 112.52 112.58 144.03 126.04 71.9 0 63.77 84.46
2 Benzene, 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) 64.31 112.28 123.28 0 80.49 70.98 43.56 75.45 96.67
3 Unknown 76.12 61.94 80.77 106.77 185.18 82.89 180.67 62.42 203.3
4 Tetradecanoic acid, TMS 110.09 69.67 186.51 - 181.16 122.92 - - -
5 Pentadecanoic acid, TMS 67.94 104.53 102.96 112.35 161.99 116.54 115.93 91.97 68.56
6 9-Hexadecenoic acid, TMS 144.23 111.39 126.21 247.56 174.87 139.98 325.52 282.77 107.57
7 Hexadecanoic acid, TMS 97.64 93.02 91.35 143.37 122.12 110.23 160.63 123.02 73.03
8 Cyclic octaatomic sulfur - - - - - - - - -
9 Hetaptdecanoic acid, TMS 75.17 107.28 88.7 107.98 136.74 126.6 53.35 104.59 93.8
10 10-Heptadecenoic acid, (Z)-, TMS 74.04 133.24 102.98 124.76 130.28 118.56 136.32 113.68 75.51
11 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (Z,Z)-, TMS 148.82 106.39 110.56 570.09 89.22 78.11 59.52 - 10.26
12 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E)-, TMS 100.15 94.28 84.79 443.21 89.95 106.93 49.68 172.53 34.21
13 11-Octadecenoic acid, (E)-, TMS 79.83 109.79 103.17 223.7 134.89 138.75 58.25 29.32 12.39
14 Octadecanoic acid, TMS 98.92 78.44 77.55 147.03 110.22 106.14 86.05 86.39 74.22
15 10-Nonadecenoic acid, (Z)-, TMS 83.68 88.28 84.8 104.42 113.8 87.64 128.04 60.36 88.56
16 1-O-Pentadecylglycerol, 2TMS 72.98 108.39 90.66 129.44 134.23 92.56 141.3 33.56 48.12
17 1-Eicosanol, TMS 73.96 111.91 139.71 62.9 92.26 84.43 94.05 64.44 93.15
18 Unknown 95.75 124.82 110.63 87.27 95.56 112.57 113.83 72.35 103.82
19 Unknown 94.11 165.66 116.35 111.91 97.3 115.93 116 63.54 102.59
20 Icosanoic acid, TMS 98.79 128.39 108.26 47.48 76.04 136.91 76.73 94.16 90.82
21 2-Palmitoylglycerol, 2TMS 89.27 157.61 124.42 102.03 202.86 109.46 110.74 59.52 109.05
22 2-Palmitoleoylglycerol, 2TMS 105.35 149.11 104.52 72.17 120.79 142.35 109.14 67.75 77.69
23 Heneicosanoic acid, TMS 136.71 49.95 34.63 68.85 110.48 81.48 39.34 102.57 90.71
24 Docosanol, TMS 84.4 93.93 80.25 62.51 101.95 101.32 115.92 111.6 113.95
25 2-Mono-cis-heptdec-10-enoylglycerol, 2TMS 110.37 161.62 132.2 69.17 176.9 98.22 223.75 106.78 93.99
26 Behenic acid, TMS 92.31 89.1 79.2 54.7 55.35 78.55 105.28 119.97 117.57
27 Tricosanoic acid, TMS 95.15 89.93 73.56 49.2 53.26 77.58 95.38 69.74 106.89
28 Tetraconsanol acid, TMS 98.25 90.4 92.22 51.41 75.01 69.45 118.23 97.42 134.49
29 Lignoceric acid, TMS 98.78 84.4 59.98 37.79 52.1 80.02 93.93 95.9 101.25
30 Pentacosanoic acid, TMS 98.11 145.67 113.9 34.02 63.62 87.25 110.21 83.82 87.33
31 1-Hexacosanol, TMS 99.33 171.67 131.76 84.81 88.93 85.76 281.24 113.22 189.49
32 Tetracosanol, TMS 74.91 104.61 95.97 30.02 104.9 52.49 35.86 94.59 211.39
33 22-Hydroxydocosanoic acid, 2TMS 70.18 101.46 88.67 46.8 99.01 81.98 121.02 93.49 113.94
34 Hexacosanoic acid, TMS 106.56 79.67 74.82 45.11 59.11 69.42 138.89 98.13 149.95
35 Unknown 50.61 103.99 107.68 44.12 76.54 68.81 80.76 111.63 162.1
36 Unknown 117.77 159.57 173.24 75.8 99.34 100.51 76.72 58.22 93.97
37 Cholesterol, TMS 95.23 155.2 243.49 88.52 130.04 105.37 58.28 75.19 99.37
38 1-Octocosanol, TMS 179.08 223.9 133.62 104.99 113.58 95.96 326.9 139.31 235.07
39 24-Hydroxytetracosanoic acid, 2TMS 89.36 42.77 82.24 61.27 67.04 88.76 136 89.6 127.77
40 Unknown 78.66 65.32 96.83 58.68 78.03 100.82 80.88 25.97 90.2
41 Campesterol, TMS 108.82 80.77 116.27 102.73 98.05 76.07 106.11 98.38 111.96
42 Octacosanoic acid, TMS 112.96 131.88 92.38 45.85 73.59 73.42 161.76 130.73 200.57
43 Unknown 107.46 111.39 114.51 50.7 92.01 77.16 64.42 68.6 152.82
44 Stigmasterol, TMS 105.87 104.4 112.88 71.35 77.19 75.24 59.46 69.94 108.47
45 5alpha-Stigmast-7-en-3beta-ol, TMS 98.5 90.94 79.79 50.24 73.88 72.51 104.95 103.38 106.73
46 Unknown 112 317.17 98.08 94.92 96.4 316.59 78.24 74.68 178.13
47 Stigmast-5-ene, 3beta-TMS, (24S)- 108.91 78.49 96.98 78.74 63.32 74.47 119.09 97.77 86.97
48 Stigmastanol, TMS 94.13 99.07 160.9 68.09 68.95 70.67 107.33 65.1 180.53
49 1-Triacontanol, TMS 88 134.47 118.4 37.59 45.67 59.61 137.74 85.9 122.03
50 gamma-Sitostenone 74.83 136.96 116.28 41.02 143.39 102.62 89.31 98.91 64.9
51 Tricontanoate, TMS 122.73 96.25 66.52 39.05 47.58 62.35 100.78 87.35 159.01
eISSN:
2640-396X
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
Volume Open
Dziedziny czasopisma:
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