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Evaluation of novel beverage formulations for hydration enhancement in humans

Grant M. Tinsley
Grant M. Tinsley
, 
Madelin R. Siedler
Madelin R. Siedler
, 
Christian Rodriguez
Christian Rodriguez
, 
Patrick S. Harty
Patrick S. Harty
, 
Matthew T. Stratton
Matthew T. Stratton
, 
Sarah J. White
Sarah J. White
, 
Dale S. Keith
Dale S. Keith
, 
Jacob J. Green
Jacob J. Green
, 
Jake R. Boykin
Jake R. Boykin
, 
Abegale D. Williams
Abegale D. Williams
, 
Brielle DeHaven
Brielle DeHaven
, 
Alexandra Brojanac
Alexandra Brojanac
 oraz 
Ethan Tinoco
Ethan Tinoco
   | 26 kwi 2023
Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance's Cover Image
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Data publikacji: 26 kwi 2023
Zakres stron: 3 - 12
Otrzymano: 21 lut 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2023-0002
Słowa kluczowe
© 2023 Grant M. Tinsley et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig.1:

Chemical structure of alpha-cyclodextrin. Image courtesy of pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Chemical structure of alpha-cyclodextrin. Image courtesy of pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Fig.2:

Change in Phase Angle. * indicates p < 0.05 (actual p-values were 0.004 for the 30-minute time point and 0.024 for the 45-minute time point).
Change in Phase Angle. * indicates p < 0.05 (actual p-values were 0.004 for the 30-minute time point and 0.024 for the 45-minute time point).

Fig.3:

Change in R0. * indicates p < 0.05 (the precise p-value was p < 0.001).
Change in R0. * indicates p < 0.05 (the precise p-value was p < 0.001).

Fig.4:

Change in Ri. * indicates p < 0.05 (the precise p-value was p = 0.008).
Change in Ri. * indicates p < 0.05 (the precise p-value was p = 0.008).

Fig.5:

Changes in Body Mass. * indicates p < 0.05
Changes in Body Mass. * indicates p < 0.05

Fig.6:

Beverage Hydration Index.
Beverage Hydration Index.

Fig.7:

Net Fluid Balance.
Net Fluid Balance.

Fig.8:

Urine Specific Gravity.
Urine Specific Gravity.

Mixed Model Coefficients for Changes in Phase Angle, R0, and Ri. The table below displays mixed model coefficients, with values presented in % change relative to baseline.

Phase Angle R0 Ri
Predictors Estimates CI p Estimates CI p Estimates CI p
(Intercept) 0 −1.62 – 1.62 1 0 -0.76 – 0.76 1 0 −2.19 – 2.19 1
Condition [AFstill] 0 −2.05 – 2.05 1 0 −0.96 – 0.96 1 0 −2.99 – 2.99 1
Condition [AFspark] 0 −2.05 – 2.05 1 0 −0.96 – 0.96 1 0 −2.99 – 2.99 1
Time [30] 3.04 2.26 – 3.82 <0.001 4.85 4.55 – 5.15 <0.001 −1.08 −2.22 – 0.06 0.062
Time [45] 4.16 3.10 – 5.22 <0.001 6.58 6.17 – 6.99 <0.001 −2.27 −3.81 – −0.72 0.004
Time [60] 4.82 3.57 – 6.07 <0.001 7.45 6.96 – 7.95 <0.001 −2.6 −4.42 – −0.77 0.005
Time [75] 5.19 3.80 – 6.59 <0.001 7.74 7.19 – 8.30 <0.001 −3.18 −5.21 – -1.14 0.002
Time [90] 5.04 3.53 – 6.54 <0.001 7.94 7.33 – 8.54 <0.001 −2.42 −4.62 – -0.22 0.031
Time [105] 4.99 3.39 – 6.59 <0.001 8.11 7.46 – 8.76 <0.001 −2.53 −4.86 – -0.20 0.033
Time [120] 4.48 2.81 – 6.15 <0.001 8.19 7.50 – 8.87 <0.001 −1.32 −3.76 – 1.12 0.287
Time [135] 4.59 2.86 – 6.32 <0.001 8.18 7.47 – 8.90 <0.001 −1.4 −3.93 – 1.12 0.275
Time [150] 4.7 2.92 – 6.48 <0.001 8.26 7.51 – 9.00 <0.001 −2.01 −4.60 – 0.59 0.13
Condition [AFstill] *Time [30] 1.62 0.52 – 2.72 0.004 0 −0.42 – 0.42 0.993 −2.18 −3.79 – −0.58 0.008
Condition [AFspark] *Time [30] 0.86 −0.24 – 1.96 0.127 0.77 0.35 – 1.19 <0.001 0.45 −1.15 – 2.06 0.579
Condition [AFstill] *Time [45] 1.73 0.23 – 3.23 0.024 0.15 −0.43 – 0.73 0.607 −1.87 −4.05 – 0.32 0.095
Condition [AFspark] *Time [45] 0.57 −0.93 – 2.06 0.459 0.51 −0.08 – 1.09 0.089 0.88 −1.31 – 3.06 0.433
Condition [AFstill] *Time [60] 1.25 −0.52 – 3.02 0.167 0.11 −0.58 – 0.81 0.747 −1.25 −3.84 – 1.33 0.341
Condition [AFspark] *Time [60] 0.51 −1.26 – 2.28 0.569 0.34 −0.35 – 1.04 0.335 0.8 −1.79 – 3.38 0.546
Condition [AFstill] *Time [75] 1.22 −0.75 – 3.19 0.224 0.18 −0.61 – 0.96 0.653 −0.87 −3.75 – 2.01 0.552
Condition [AFspark] *Time [75] 0.09 −1.88 – 2.07 0.926 0.46 −0.32 – 1.25 0.248 1.81 −1.07 – 4.69 0.218
Condition [AFstill] *Time [90] 1.01 −1.12 – 3.14 0.353 0.19 −0.67 – 1.05 0.667 −0.94 −4.05 – 2.17 0.552
Condition [AFspark] *Time [90] 0.4 −1.73 – 2.53 0.713 0.4 −0.46 – 1.26 0.361 0.76 −2.36 – 3.87 0.634
Condition [AFstill] *Time [105] 1.46 −0.80 – 3.72 0.206 0.06 −0.86 – 0.98 0.894 −1.16 −4.45 – 2.14 0.49
Condition [AFspark] *Time [105] 0.03 −2.23 – 2.29 0.981 0.11 −0.81 – 1.03 0.816 1.29 −2.00 – 4.59 0.441
Condition [AFstill] *Time [120] 1.68 −0.68 – 4.05 0.162 −0.05 −1.02 – 0.92 0.92 −2.21 −5.65 – 1.24 0.209
Condition [AFspark] *Time [120] 0.52 −1.84 – 2.88 0.665 0.14 −0.83 – 1.11 0.771 0.13 −3.31 – 3.58 0.939
Condition [AFstill] *Time [135] 1.64 −0.81 – 4.09 0.189 0.02 −0.99 – 1.03 0.97 −2 −5.57 – 1.57 0.271
Condition [AFspark] *Time [135] 0.1 −2.35 – 2.55 0.937 0.19 −0.83 – 1.20 0.716 0.71 −2.86 – 4.28 0.697
Condition [AFstill] *Time [150] 1.44 −1.08 – 3.96 0.262 −0.03 −1.08 – 1.02 0.954 −1.18 −4.85 – 2.49 0.527
Condition [AFspark] *Time [150] 0 −2.52 – 2.51 0.997 0.16 −0.89 – 1.21 0.763 1.42 −2.25 – 5.09 0.447

Participant characteristics. Thirty participants (n=16 females; n=14 males) completed the study.

Mean ± SD
Age (y) 23.2 ± 3.7
Height (cm) 169.2 ± 7.9
Weight (kg) 70.2 ± 13.8
BMI (kg/m2) 24.3 ± 3.3
Body fat (%) 24.1 ± 8.5
eISSN:
1891-5469
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
Volume Open
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Engineering, Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Electronics, Life Sciences, Biophysics, Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, Spectroscopy and Metrology
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