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Low error Kramers-Kronig estimations using symmetric extrapolation method


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Fig.1

Three-electrode cell. WE: working electrode, Re1. reference electrode, CE: counter-electrode.
Three-electrode cell. WE: working electrode, Re1. reference electrode, CE: counter-electrode.

Fig.2

Frequency and amplitude of the interpolated points. ωp:
${{\omega }_{p}}:$central frequency of the dispersion.
Frequency and amplitude of the interpolated points. ωp: ${{\omega }_{p}}:$central frequency of the dispersion.

Fig.3

Resistance (Black) and reactance series equivalents (Steel Blue) of the EEI versus frequency for AISI 304 stainless steel electrode polished with sandpaper #180 in NaCl 0.9% solution. Overpotential applied = 10 mV.
Resistance (Black) and reactance series equivalents (Steel Blue) of the EEI versus frequency for AISI 304 stainless steel electrode polished with sandpaper #180 in NaCl 0.9% solution. Overpotential applied = 10 mV.

Fig.4

Reactance series equivalent of the ZEEI versus frequency. Experimental data (◼) and applying the KK equation (4) to the experimental data (x).
Reactance series equivalent of the ZEEI versus frequency. Experimental data (◼) and applying the KK equation (4) to the experimental data (x).

Fig.5

Resistance series equivalent of the EEI impedance. Expanded dataset (ο) and Experimental data (∙).
Resistance series equivalent of the EEI impedance. Expanded dataset (ο) and Experimental data (∙).

Fig.6

Reactance series equivalents of the EEI versus frequency. Experimental data () and applying the KK equation (4) to the expanded dataset (x).
Reactance series equivalents of the EEI versus frequency. Experimental data () and applying the KK equation (4) to the expanded dataset (x).

Fig.7

Percentage change of Zp′′(ΔZp′′%)  versus ωmin.
$Z_{p}^{\prime \prime }\left( \Delta Z_{p}^{\prime \prime }\text{%} \right)\,\,\text{versus}\,{{\omega }_{min}}.$Red point: case without extrapolation (figure 4). Blue point: ΔZp′′%=−1.
$\Delta Z_{p}^{\prime \prime }{\text%}=-1.$
Percentage change of Zp′′(ΔZp′′%)  versus ωmin. $Z_{p}^{\prime \prime }\left( \Delta Z_{p}^{\prime \prime }\text{%} \right)\,\,\text{versus}\,{{\omega }_{min}}.$Red point: case without extrapolation (figure 4). Blue point: ΔZp′′%=−1. $\Delta Z_{p}^{\prime \prime }{\text%}=-1.$