Otwarty dostęp

Languages and Morality in Postwar Europe: The German and Austrian Abandonment of Yiddish


Zacytuj

“After Auschwitz.” 2001. The New York Times. 18 Nov. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/18/books/l-after-auschwitz-111392.html. Accessed: Feb 2, 2022. “After Auschwitz.” 2001 The New York Times 18 Nov. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/18/books/l-after-auschwitz-111392.html. Accessed: Feb 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

An Independent Legal Analysis of the Russian Federations Breaches of the Genocide Convention in Ukraine and the Duty to Prevent. 2022. Washington DC: New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy and Montreal, Quebec: Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights. https://newlinesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/An-Independent-Legal-Analysis-of-the-Russian-Federations-Breaches-of-the-Genocide-Convention-in-Ukraine-and-the-Duty-to-Prevent-1-2.pdf. Accessed: Jun 4, 2022. An Independent Legal Analysis of the Russian Federations Breaches of the Genocide Convention in Ukraine and the Duty to Prevent 2022 Washington DC New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy and Montreal Quebec Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights https://newlinesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/An-Independent-Legal-Analysis-of-the-Russian-Federations-Breaches-of-the-Genocide-Convention-in-Ukraine-and-the-Duty-to-Prevent-1-2.pdf. Accessed: Jun 4, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Arno, Anna. 2021. Paul Celan. Tam, za kasztanami, jest świat [Paul Celan: Over There, Beyond These Chestnut Trees, There Is the {Wider} World: {A Biography}. Cracow: Wydawnictwo Literackie. ArnoAnna 2021 Paul Celan. Tam, za kasztanami, jest świat [Paul Celan: Over There, Beyond These Chestnut Trees, There Is the {Wider} World: {A Biography} Cracow Wydawnictwo Literackie Search in Google Scholar

Ausländer, Rose. 1975. “In Memoriam Paul Celan.” Lyrik-line. https://www.lyrikline.org/en/poems/memoriam-paul-celan-549. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. AusländerRose 1975 “In Memoriam Paul Celan.” Lyrik-line https://www.lyrikline.org/en/poems/memoriam-paul-celan-549. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Ausländer, Rose. 1995. “Paul Celan” (p 29). In: Rose Ausländer. Mother Tongue. Todmorden: Arc Publications. AusländerRose 1995 “Paul Celan” 29 In: AusländerRose Mother Tongue Todmorden Arc Publications Search in Google Scholar

Balachuk, Iryna. 2022. “95% of Buildings in Mariupol Destroyed - Zelenskyy.” Ukrainska Pravda. 14 Apr. https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/04/14/7339677/. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. BalachukIryna 2022 “95% of Buildings in Mariupol Destroyed - Zelenskyy.” Ukrainska Pravda 14 Apr. https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/04/14/7339677/. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Baranyi, Florian. 2020. „Mördersprache“ als „Dichtersprache“ [Murderers’ Language as Poets’ Language]. news ORF. 22 Nov. https://orf.at/stories/3190194/. Accessed: Feb 21, 2022. BaranyiFlorian 2020 „Mördersprache“ als „Dichtersprache“ [Murderers’ Language as Poets’ Language] news ORF 22 Nov. https://orf.at/stories/3190194/. Accessed: Feb 21, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Borso, Dario. 2020. Celan in Italia. Storia e critica di una ricezione [Celan in Italy: A Story of Criticism and Reception of His Poetry] (Ser: Le orbite, vol. 2). Novate Milanese (MI): Prospero Editore. BorsoDario 2020 Celan in Italia. Storia e critica di una ricezione [Celan in Italy: A Story of Criticism and Reception of His Poetry] (Ser: Le orbite, vol. 2) Novate Milanese (MI) Prospero Editore Search in Google Scholar

Böttcher, Ernst. 1930. Teubners Geschichtsatlas [Teubner History Atlas]. Leipzig: Teubner. BöttcherErnst 1930 Teubners Geschichtsatlas [Teubner History Atlas] Leipzig Teubner Search in Google Scholar

Brossat, Alain, and Klingberg, Sylvia. 1983. Le Yiddishland révolutionnaire [The Revolutionary Yidddishland]. Paris: Balland. BrossatAlain KlingbergSylvia 1983 Le Yiddishland révolutionnaire [The Revolutionary Yidddishland] Paris Balland Search in Google Scholar

Canin, Mordechaj. 2018. Przez ruiny i zgliszcza. Podróż po stu zgładzonych gminach żydowskich w Polsce [Through the Ruins and Ashes: A Journey Through a Hundred Murdered Jewish Communities in Poland] [translated from the Yiddish into Polish by Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Nisza and Żydowski Instytut Historyczny im. Emanuela Ringelbluma. CaninMordechaj 2018 Przez ruiny i zgliszcza. Podróż po stu zgładzonych gminach żydowskich w Polsce [Through the Ruins and Ashes: A Journey Through a Hundred Murdered Jewish Communities in Poland] [translated from the Yiddish into Polish by Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska] Warsaw Wydawnictwo Nisza and Żydowski Instytut Historyczny im. Emanuela Ringelbluma Search in Google Scholar

Celan, Paul. 1945. “Death Fugue” [translated from the German by A. Z. Foreman]. http://poemsintranslation.blogspot.com/2010/01/paul-celan-death-fugue-from-german.html. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. CelanPaul 1945 “Death Fugue” [translated from the German by A. Z. Foreman] http://poemsintranslation.blogspot.com/2010/01/paul-celan-death-fugue-from-german.html. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Corbea, Andrei. 2020. „nu vrea/cicatrice”. Studii despre Paul Celan la împlinirea a 100 de ani de la nașterea poetului [“he doesn’t want/scars:” Studies on Paul Celan on the Centenary of the Poet’s Birth]. Iaşi: Polirom. CorbeaAndrei 2020 „nu vrea/cicatrice”. Studii despre Paul Celan la împlinirea a 100 de ani de la nașterea poetului [“he doesn’t want/scars:” Studies on Paul Celan on the Centenary of the Poet’s Birth] Iaşi Polirom Search in Google Scholar

Crețu, Bogdan. 2020. “Despre vinovăția limbajului” [On the Perpetrators’ Language]. Observator Cultural. 5 Jun. No 1016. https://www.observatorcultural.ro/articol/despre-vinovatia-limbajului-paul-celan-in-proza/. Accessed: Feb 21, 2022. CrețuBogdan 2020 “Despre vinovăția limbajului” [On the Perpetrators’ Language] Observator Cultural 5 Jun. No 1016. https://www.observatorcultural.ro/articol/despre-vinovatia-limbajului-paul-celan-in-proza/. Accessed: Feb 21, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

“Cultural Destruction in Ukraine by Russian Forces Will Reverberate for Years, UN Rights Expert Warns.” 2022. UN News. 25 May. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/05/1119052. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. “Cultural Destruction in Ukraine by Russian Forces Will Reverberate for Years, UN Rights Expert Warns.” 2022 UN News 25 May https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/05/1119052. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

di ershte yedishe shprakh-kanferents: barikhtn, dakumentn un afklangen fun der tshernavitser kanferents 1908 [The First Yiddish Language Conference: Reports, Documents and Echoes of the Czernowitz Conference, 1908]. 1931. Vilne [=Vilnius]: yidisher visnshaftlekher institut, filologishe sektsye. di ershte yedishe shprakh-kanferents: barikhtn, dakumentn un afklangen fun der tshernavitser kanferents 1908 [The First Yiddish Language Conference: Reports, Documents and Echoes of the Czernowitz Conference, 1908] 1931 Vilne [=Vilnius] yidisher visnshaftlekher institut, filologishe sektsye Search in Google Scholar

די ערשטע יידישע שפראך-קאנפערענץ : באריכטן, דאקומענטן און אפקלאנגען פון דער טשערנאוויצער קאנפערענץ, 1908. ווילנע: יידישער וויסנשאפטלעכער אינסטיטוט, פילאָלאָגי־ שע סעקציע די ערשטע יידישע שפראך-קאנפערענץ : באריכטן, דאקומענטן און אפקלאנגען פון דער טשערנאוויצער קאנפערענץ, 1908. ווילנע: יידישער וויסנשאפטלעכער אינסטיטוט, פילאָלאָגי־ שע סעקציע Search in Google Scholar

Dunbar, Robin. 1996. Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language. London: Faber and Faber. DunbarRobin 1996 Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language London Faber and Faber Search in Google Scholar

Elsie, Robert. 1991. “Albanian Literature in Greek Script: The Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth-Century Orthodox Tradition in Albanian Writing.” Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 15 (1): 20–35. ElsieRobert 1991 “Albanian Literature in Greek Script: The Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth-Century Orthodox Tradition in Albanian Writing.” Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 15 1 20 35 10.1179/byz.1991.15.1.20 Search in Google Scholar

Fishman, David E. 2017. The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets, and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis. Lebanon, NH: ForeEdge, an imprint of University Press of New England. FishmanDavid E. 2017 The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets, and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis Lebanon, NH ForeEdge, an imprint of University Press of New England 10.2307/j.ctv1xx9h5v Search in Google Scholar

Golinkin, Lev. 2022. “Map of Monuments and Streets Named after Nazi Collaborators/Holocaust Perpetrators.” Forward. https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1sW6RPe7rwDKlFNa7micTeQezCpomKof3&ll=37.77909710647681%2C-40.06709733721419&z=3. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. GolinkinLev 2022 “Map of Monuments and Streets Named after Nazi Collaborators/Holocaust Perpetrators.” Forward https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1sW6RPe7rwDKlFNa7micTeQezCpomKof3&ll=37.77909710647681%2C-40.06709733721419&z=3. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Grözinger, Elvira and Ruta, Magdalena, eds. 2008. Under the Red Banner: Yiddish Culture in the Communist Countries in the Postwar Era. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. GrözingerElvira RutaMagdalena eds. 2008 Under the Red Banner: Yiddish Culture in the Communist Countries in the Postwar Era Wiesbaden Harrassowitz Search in Google Scholar

Gruber, Helmut. 1991. Antisemitismus im Mediendiskurs. Die Affäre Waldheim in der Tagespresse [Anti-Semitism in the Media Discourse: The Waldheim Affair in the Daily Press]. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag. GruberHelmut 1991 Antisemitismus im Mediendiskurs. Die Affäre Waldheim in der Tagespresse [Anti-Semitism in the Media Discourse: The Waldheim Affair in the Daily Press] Wiesbaden Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag 10.1007/978-3-322-91025-7_2 Search in Google Scholar

Hetman, Rafał. 2021. Izbica, Izbica (Ser: Sulina). Wołowiec: Wydawnictwo Czarne. HetmanRafał. 2021 Izbica, Izbica (Ser: Sulina) Wołowiec Wydawnictwo Czarne Search in Google Scholar

Hinsliff, Gaby. 2022. „Russia’s Mass Rapes in Ukraine are a War Crime. Its Military Leaders Must Face Prosecution.” The Guardian. 15 Apr. https://www.theguardian.com/commentis-free/2022/apr/15/rape-weapon-ukraine-war-crime-sexual-violence. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. HinsliffGaby 2022 „Russia’s Mass Rapes in Ukraine are a War Crime. Its Military Leaders Must Face Prosecution.” The Guardian 15 Apr. https://www.theguardian.com/commentis-free/2022/apr/15/rape-weapon-ukraine-war-crime-sexual-violence. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Hirsch, Marianne, and Spitzer, Leo. 2010. Ghosts of Home: The Afterlife of Czernowitz in Jewish Memory. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press and The S. Mark Taper Foundation imprint in Jewish Studies. HirschMarianne SpitzerLeo 2010 Ghosts of Home: The Afterlife of Czernowitz in Jewish Memory Berkeley, CA University of California Press and The S. Mark Taper Foundation imprint in Jewish Studies 10.1525/9780520944909 Search in Google Scholar

Ioanid, Radu. 2008. The Holocaust in Romania: the Destruction of Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime, 1940–1944. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Ivan R. Dee. IoanidRadu 2008 The Holocaust in Romania: the Destruction of Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime, 1940–1944 Blue Ridge Summit, PA Ivan R. Dee Search in Google Scholar

Kamusella, Tomasz. 2016. “The History of the Normative Opposition of ‘Language versus Dialect:’ From Its Graeco-Latin Origin to Central Europe’s Ethnolinguistic Nation-States.” Colloquia Humanistica 5: 189–198. https://ispan.waw.pl/journals/index.php/ch/article/view/ch.2016.011/2342. Accessed: Jun 4, 2022. KamusellaTomasz 2016 “The History of the Normative Opposition of ‘Language versus Dialect:’ From Its Graeco-Latin Origin to Central Europe’s Ethnolinguistic Nation-States.” Colloquia Humanistica 5 189 198 https://ispan.waw.pl/journals/index.php/ch/article/view/ch.2016.011/2342. Accessed: Jun 4, 2022. 10.11649/ch.2016.011 Search in Google Scholar

Kamusella, Tomasz. 2017–2018. “The Rise and Dynamics of the Normative Isomorphism of Language, Nation, and State in Central Europe.” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 35 (1–4): 351–381. KamusellaTomasz 2017–2018 “The Rise and Dynamics of the Normative Isomorphism of Language, Nation, and State in Central Europe.” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 35 1–4 351 381 Search in Google Scholar

Kamusella, Tomasz. 2020. “Judeo-Christian Europe and Language Politics.” Wachtyrz. 13 Oct. https://wachtyrz.eu/judeo-christian-europe-and-language-politics/. Accessed: Jun 4, 2022. KamusellaTomasz 2020 “Judeo-Christian Europe and Language Politics.” Wachtyrz 13 Oct. https://wachtyrz.eu/judeo-christian-europe-and-language-politics/. Accessed: Jun 4, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Kamusella, Tomasz. 2021. “Yiddish, or Jewish German? The Holocaust, the Goethe-Institut, and Germany’s Neglected Obligation to Peace and the Common European Cultural Heritage.” Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne 2 (18). https://www.journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/SSP/article/view/12381/9639. Accessed: Jun 3, 2022. KamusellaTomasz 2021 “Yiddish, or Jewish German? The Holocaust, the Goethe-Institut, and Germany’s Neglected Obligation to Peace and the Common European Cultural Heritage.” Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne 2 18 https://www.journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/SSP/article/view/12381/9639. Accessed: Jun 3, 2022. 10.31261/SSP.2021.18.14 Search in Google Scholar

Kamusella, Tomasz. 2022. “Putin’s Fascism.” New Eastern Europe. 25 Apr. https://neweasterneurope.eu/2022/04/25/putins-fascism/. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. KamusellaTomasz 2022 “Putin’s Fascism.” New Eastern Europe 25 Apr. https://neweasterneurope.eu/2022/04/25/putins-fascism/. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Katz, Dovid. 2005. “Yiddish.” In: The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. https://web.archive.org/web/20120322162722/http://yivo.org/downloads/Yiddish.pdf. Accessed: Jun 1, 2022. KatzDovid 2005 “Yiddish.” In: The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe https://web.archive.org/web/20120322162722/http://yivo.org/downloads/Yiddish.pdf. Accessed: Jun 1, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Knight, Ben. 2021. “Who are Germany’s Extreme-Right Group the ‘Third Path’?” DW. 25 Oct. https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-germanys-extreme-right-group-the-third-path/a-59620861. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. KnightBen 2021 “Who are Germany’s Extreme-Right Group the ‘Third Path’?” DW 25 Oct. https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-germanys-extreme-right-group-the-third-path/a-59620861. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Lansky, Aaron. 2004. Outwitting History: The Amazing Adventures of a Man Who Rescued a Million Yiddish Books. Chapel Hill NC: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. LanskyAaron 2004 Outwitting History: The Amazing Adventures of a Man Who Rescued a Million Yiddish Books Chapel Hill NC Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill Search in Google Scholar

Lee, Joseph and Faulkner, Doug. 2022. “Ukraine War: Bucha Deaths ‘Not Far Short of Genocide’ – PM.” BBC news. 6 Apr. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61011022. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. LeeJoseph FaulknerDoug 2022 “Ukraine War: Bucha Deaths ‘Not Far Short of Genocide’ – PM.” BBC news 6 Apr. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-61011022. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Lehfeldt, Werner. 1968. “Die Entwicklung der arabischen Druckschrift in ihrem Gebrauch für das Serbokroatische” [The Development and Use of the Arabic Script for Printing in Serbian] (pp 359–375). Die Welt der Slaven. Vol. 13. LehfeldtWerner 1968 “Die Entwicklung der arabischen Druckschrift in ihrem Gebrauch für das Serbokroatische” [The Development and Use of the Arabic Script for Printing in Serbian] (pp 359–375) Die Welt der Slaven 13 Search in Google Scholar

Lötzsch. 1992. Duden Jiddisches Wörterbuch [Duden Yiddish Dictionary] (Ser: Die Duden-Taschenbücher, Vol. 24). Mannheim: Dudenverlag. Lötzsch 1992 Duden Jiddisches Wörterbuch [Duden Yiddish Dictionary] (Ser: Die Duden-Taschenbücher, Vol. 24) Mannheim Dudenverlag Search in Google Scholar

Ngram Viewer. 2022g. Yiddishland: 1900–2019. https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Yiddishland&year_start=1900&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3. Accessed: Aug 9, 2022. Ngram Viewer 2022g Yiddishland: 1900–2019 https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Yiddishland&year_start=1900&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3. Accessed: Aug 9, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

“Over 1.3M Ukrainians Already Deported to Russia - Ombudsperson.” 2022. Ukrinform. 17 May. https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3485634-over-13m-ukrainians-already-deported-to-russia-ombudsperson.html. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. “Over 1.3M Ukrainians Already Deported to Russia - Ombudsperson.” 2022 Ukrinform 17 May https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3485634-over-13m-ukrainians-already-deported-to-russia-ombudsperson.html. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Pratt, Andrew. 1866. “On the Armeno-Turkish Alphabet.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 8: 374–376. PrattAndrew 1866 “On the Armeno-Turkish Alphabet.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 8 374 376 10.2307/592244 Search in Google Scholar

“Putin’s Claim of Fighting Against Ukraine ‘Neo-Nazis’ Distorts History, Scholars Say.” 2022. NPR. 1 Mar. https://www.npr.org/2022/03/01/1083677765/putin-denazify-ukraine-russia-history. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. “Putin’s Claim of Fighting Against Ukraine ‘Neo-Nazis’ Distorts History, Scholars Say.” 2022 NPR 1 Mar. https://www.npr.org/2022/03/01/1083677765/putin-denazify-ukraine-russia-history. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

“Russia Has Forcibly Removed 200,000 Ukrainian Children, Zelenskyy Says.” 2022. NBC News. 2 Jun. https://www.nbcnews.com/video/russia-has-forcibly-removed-200-000-ukrainian-children-zelenskyy-says-141291077728. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. “Russia Has Forcibly Removed 200,000 Ukrainian Children, Zelenskyy Says.” 2022 NBC News 2 Jun. https://www.nbcnews.com/video/russia-has-forcibly-removed-200-000-ukrainian-children-zelenskyy-says-141291077728. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Rykhlo, Petro. 2020. Paulʹ Tselan. Referentsii. Naukovi studii, statti, esei [Paul Celan: References: Scholarly Studies, Articles, Essays]. Kyiv: Dukh i Litera. https://issuu.com/judaica-center/docs/ryxlo-book_druk.indd. Accessed: Jun 3, 2022. RykhloPetro 2020 Paulʹ Tselan. Referentsii. Naukovi studii, statti, esei [Paul Celan: References: Scholarly Studies, Articles, Essays] Kyiv Dukh i Litera https://issuu.com/judaica-center/docs/ryxlo-book_druk.indd. Accessed: Jun 3, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Searle, John. 1996. The Construction of Social Reality. London: Penguin. SearleJohn 1996 The Construction of Social Reality London Penguin Search in Google Scholar

Selvelli, Giustina. 2018. “The Clash between Latin and Arabic Alphabets among the Turkish Community in Bulgaria in the Interwar Period.” Journal of Balkan Research Institute 7 (2): 367–390. SelvelliGiustina 2018 “The Clash between Latin and Arabic Alphabets among the Turkish Community in Bulgaria in the Interwar Period.” Journal of Balkan Research Institute 7 2 367 390 10.30903/Balkan.504204 Search in Google Scholar

Sendyka, Roma. 2021. Poza obozem. Nie-miejsca pamięci – próba rozpoznania [Beyond the Camps: Non-Sites of Memory: An Attempt at a Reconnaissance (Ser: Nowa Humanistyka, Vol. 63). Warsaw: Instytut Badań Literackich, Polska Akademia Nauk. SendykaRoma 2021 Poza obozem. Nie-miejsca pamięci – próba rozpoznania [Beyond the Camps: Non-Sites of Memory: An Attempt at a Reconnaissance (Ser: Nowa Humanistyka, Vol. 63) Warsaw Instytut Badań Literackich, Polska Akademia Nauk Search in Google Scholar

Sergeitsev, Timofei. 2022. Chto Rossiia dolzhna sdelat’ s Ukrainoi [What Should Russia Do with Ukraine?]. RIA Novosti. 3 Apr. https://ria.ru/20220403/ukraina-1781469605.html. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. SergeitsevTimofei 2022 Chto Rossiia dolzhna sdelat’ s Ukrainoi [What Should Russia Do with Ukraine?] RIA Novosti 3 Apr. https://ria.ru/20220403/ukraina-1781469605.html. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

“Ship to Take Metal from Mariupol to Russia; Kyiv Decries Looting.” 2022. Reuters. 28 May. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ship-take-metal-mariupol-russia-kyiv-decries-looting-2022-05-28/. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. “Ship to Take Metal from Mariupol to Russia; Kyiv Decries Looting.” 2022 Reuters 28 May https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ship-take-metal-mariupol-russia-kyiv-decries-looting-2022-05-28/. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

“The Genesis of Paul Celan’s ‘Todesfuge’.” 2014. http://czernowitz.ehpes.com/czernowitz12/testfile2014-1/0525.html. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. “The Genesis of Paul Celan’s ‘Todesfuge’.” 2014 http://czernowitz.ehpes.com/czernowitz12/testfile2014-1/0525.html. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Theophanidis, Philippe. 2014. “When Paul Celan Met with Martin Heidegger.” Aphelis. 25 Aug. https://aphelis.net/celan-heidegger/. Accessed: Feb 21, 2022. TheophanidisPhilippe 2014 “When Paul Celan Met with Martin Heidegger.” Aphelis 25 Aug. https://aphelis.net/celan-heidegger/. Accessed: Feb 21, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Torres Mariner, Melania. 2020. Por piedras escritas, sombras. La palabra poética en Paul Celan y Martin Heidegger [Inscribed on Stones, Shadows: The Poetic Word in Paul Celan’s and Martin Heidegger’s {Writings}] (Ser: Faber & Sapiens). Madrid: Ápeiron Ediciones. Torres MarinerMelania 2020 Por piedras escritas, sombras. La palabra poética en Paul Celan y Martin Heidegger [Inscribed on Stones, Shadows: The Poetic Word in Paul Celan’s and Martin Heidegger’s {Writings}] (Ser: Faber & Sapiens) Madrid Ápeiron Ediciones Search in Google Scholar

Turski, Marian. 2020. “‘Never be a bystander whenever a minority is discriminated against:’ The Speech by Marian Turski at the Memorial Ceremony on 27 January 2020 in Auschwitz.” International Auschwitz Committee. 27 Jan. https://www.auschwitz.info/en/commemoration/commemoration-2020-75th-anniversary-of-the-liberation/2020-01-27-marian-turski-the-eleventh-commandment.html. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. TurskiMarian 2020 “‘Never be a bystander whenever a minority is discriminated against:’ The Speech by Marian Turski at the Memorial Ceremony on 27 January 2020 in Auschwitz.” International Auschwitz Committee 27 Jan. https://www.auschwitz.info/en/commemoration/commemoration-2020-75th-anniversary-of-the-liberation/2020-01-27-marian-turski-the-eleventh-commandment.html. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Turski, Marian. 2021. XI Nie bądź obojętny / XI Thou Shalt Not Be Indifferent. Wołowiec: Wydawnictwo Czarne. TurskiMarian 2021 XI Nie bądź obojętny / XI Thou Shalt Not Be Indifferent Wołowiec Wydawnictwo Czarne Search in Google Scholar

“Ukraine Conflict: Russian Forces Attack from Three Sides.” 2022. BBC News. 24 Feb. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60503037. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. “Ukraine Conflict: Russian Forces Attack from Three Sides.” 2022 BBC News 24 Feb. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60503037. Accessed: Feb 24, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

“Ukraine Refugee Situation.” 2022. UNHCR. 28 May. https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. “Ukraine Refugee Situation.” 2022 UNHCR 28 May https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Van Tassel Sutphen, [William Gilbert]. 1904. The Gates of Chance. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. Van Tassel Sutphen[William Gilbert] 1904 The Gates of Chance New York Harper & Brothers Publishers Search in Google Scholar

Viereck, Wolfgang; Viereck, Karin and Ramisch, Heinrich. 2002. dtv-Atlas Englische Sprache [dtv Atlas of the English Language]. Munich: Deutscher Tachenbuch Verlag ViereckWolfgang ViereckKarin RamischHeinrich 2002 dtv-Atlas Englische Sprache [dtv Atlas of the English Language] Munich Deutscher Tachenbuch Verlag Search in Google Scholar

“Vital Statistics: Jewish Population of the World (1882 - Present).” 2022. In: Jewish Virtual Library. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jewish-population-of-the-world. Accessed: Jun 1, 2022. “Vital Statistics: Jewish Population of the World (1882 - Present).” 2022 In: Jewish Virtual Library https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jewish-population-of-the-world. Accessed: Jun 1, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Ward, Benjamin. 2021. “Europe’s Worrying Surge of Antisemitism Protect European Jews and Uphold Right to Peaceful Protest.” Human Rights Watch. 17 May. https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/05/17/europes-worrying-surge-antisemitism. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. WardBenjamin 2021 “Europe’s Worrying Surge of Antisemitism Protect European Jews and Uphold Right to Peaceful Protest.” Human Rights Watch 17 May https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/05/17/europes-worrying-surge-antisemitism. Accessed: Jun 2, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Weiser, Kalman and Fogel, Joshua A., eds. 2010. Czernowitz at 100 the First Yiddish Language Conference in Historical Perspective. Lanham MD: Lexington Books. WeiserKalman FogelJoshua A. eds. 2010 Czernowitz at 100 the First Yiddish Language Conference in Historical Perspective Lanham MD Lexington Books Search in Google Scholar

Wodziński, Marcin and Spallek, Waldemar. 2019. Chasydyzm. Atlas historyczny [Historical Atlas of Hasidism]. Cracow: Wydawnictwo Austeria. WodzińskiMarcin SpallekWaldemar 2019 Chasydyzm. Atlas historyczny [Historical Atlas of Hasidism] Cracow Wydawnictwo Austeria Search in Google Scholar

Yiddish Alef-Beys (Alphabet). 2022. YIVO. https://yivo.org/yiddish-alphabet. Accessed: Sept 1, 2022. Yiddish Alef-Beys (Alphabet) 2022 YIVO https://yivo.org/yiddish-alphabet. Accessed: Sept 1, 2022. Search in Google Scholar