Otwarty dostęp

Identifying Scientific and Technical “Unicorns”

Lucy L. Xu
Lucy L. Xu
, 
Miao Qi
Miao Qi
 oraz 
Fred Y. Ye
Fred Y. Ye
   | 22 wrz 2020
Journal of Data and Information Science's Cover Image
O artykule
Poprzedni artykuł
Następny artykuł
Zacytuj
Article Category: Research Paper
Data publikacji: 22 wrz 2020
Zakres stron: 96 - 115
Otrzymano: 01 mar 2020
Przyjęty: 24 lip 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2021-0002
Słowa kluczowe
© 2021 Lucy L. Xu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

A designed model for informetric “unicorn.”
A designed model for informetric “unicorn.”

Figure 2

Fitting curves of the linear model for scientific and technical “unicorns.”
Fitting curves of the linear model for scientific and technical “unicorns.”

The scientific and technical “unicorns” in other five disciplines (2000–2012).

Year Scientific papers (absolute number) Technical patents (absolute number)
Chemistry Multidisciplinary Sciences Computer Science Physics Astronomy & Astrophysics Computing & Calculating & Counting Basic Electric Elements Agriculture Electric Communication Technique Sports & Games & Amusement
2000 0 0 0 0 0 16 1 0 4 4
2001 0 2 1 0 0 9 0 0 2 1
2002 1 0 0 1 0 6 0 0 0 0
2003 1 0 0 0 1 5 4 1 0 0
2004 2 1 2 0 0 0 4 5 1 0
2005 0 3 0 0 0 2 3 5 0 0
2006 1 1 2 1 0 2 4 0 0 0
2007 4 1 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0
2008 6 2 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0
2009 3 4 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0
2010 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2011 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0
2012 0 3 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0
Total 27 18 8 6 5 50 21 11 7 5

The annual distribution of biomedical “unicorns” (2000–2012).

Year/Biomedical unicorns Scientific papers Technical patents
Absolute number Relative ratio (%) Absolute number Relative ratio (%)
2000 2 0.0002 5 0.0007
2001 2 0.0002 6 0.0008
2002 2 0.0002 1 0.0001
2003 4 0.0004 1 0.0001
2004 6 0.0006 1 0.0001
2005 3 0.0003 9 0.0010
2006 3 0.0003 10 0.0011
2007 7 0.0006 24 0.0022
2008 5 0.0004 35 0.0030
2009 19 0.0015 10 0.0008
2010 18 0.0014 3 0.0002
2011 8 0.0001 0 0.0000
2012 16 0.0002 1 0.0001
Total 95 0.0007 106 0.0008

A selected top 10 technical patents of biomedical “unicorns” (2001–2010).

Code Title Inventor(s) Patent No. CT
Pn1 Producing humanized immunoglobulin, involves producing a cell containing DNA segments encoding humanized heavy and light chain variable regions, and expressing the DNA segments in the cell QUEEN C L; SELICK H E US6180370-B1;2001 542
Pn2 Analyte level monitoring device for diabetes treatment, has transmitter arranged on substrate of electrochemical sensor, for transmitting signal indicating analyte level in bodily fluid HELLER A; DRUCKER S M; JIN R Y; FUNDERBURK J V; et al. WO200258537-A2; US2003100821-A1; US6560471-B1; 2002 514
Pn3 Spinal cord stimulation system includes surgical components, which consist of insertion needle and tunneling tools to aid implantation of electrode array and lead extension MEADOWS P; MANN C M; PETERSON D K; et al. US6516227-B1;2003 674
Pn4 Surgical stapling instrument for laparoscopic and endoscopic clinical procedure has firing device that has a distally presented cutting edge longitudinally received between the elongated channel and the anvil SHELTONIV FE; SETSER M E; HEMMELGARN B J; et al. EP1479349-A1; US2004232196-A1; CA2467795-A1; 2004 514
Pn5 Surgical instrument for endoscopically inserting end effector, e.g. endo-cutter, grasper, cutter, and staplers, includes articulation control comprising actuator, and motion conversion mechanism WALES K S US2005006430-A1; CA2473482-A1; JP2005028148-A; 2005 717
Pn6 Surgical instrument e.g. endo-cutter for use during fastening of buttress pads to tissue, comprises staple applying assembly attached to elongate shaft, which includes opposing tissue compression surfaces SHELTON F E; SHELTON F; WALES K S; et al. EP1621141-A2; JP2006043451-A; US2006025816-A1;2006 722
Pn7 Medical device e.g. surgical stapler, for e.g. stapling tissue, has articulation joint actuator to hold passive joint and end effector in fixed articulation state during unactuated state and to release joint during actuated state SMITH K W; PALMER M A; KLINE K R; et al. US2007187453-A1; US7404508-B2; AU2015201382-B2; 2007 817
Pn8 Surgical stapling apparatus includes drive assembly that is supported in the tool assembly and which has a knife blade disposed in an elongated longitudinal slot formed by the anvil plate and the staple cartridge TARINELLI D; ARANYI E; SIMPSON R; et al. WO2008109125-A1; US2009134200-A1; AU2008223389-A1; 2008 674
Pn9 Disposable loading unit for endoscopic surgical stapling instrument for incising fastened tissue, has anvil portion that is provided with staple-deforming cavity, and cover plate is secured for supporting anvil portion ARMSTRONG G A; BLAIR G B; BRUEWER D B; et al. EP2090235-A2; US2009206140-A1; CN101507634-A; 2009 571
Pn10 Motor e.g. stepper motor, driven surgical cutting and fastening instrument i.e. endoscopic instrument, for use by e.g. physician for endoscopic application, has motor with operational modes for portions of cutting stroke cycle of instrument LAURENT R J; SHELTON F E; SMITH B W; et al. EP2165664-A2; JP2010075694-A; US2010076474-A1;2010 675

The overall conclusive data of scientific and technical “unicorns” (2000–2012).

Year Scientific papers Technical patents
WoS total papers Absolute unicorn number Ur: Relative unicorn ratio (%) DII total patents Absolute unicorn number Ur: Relative unicorn ratio (%)
2000 874,542 2 0.0002 672,139 33 0.0049
2001 872,370 5 0.0006 729,168 21 0.0029
2002 889,519 4 0.0004 786,869 12 0.0015
2003 927,047 6 0.0006 791,486 16 0.0020
2004 967,440 11 0.0011 824,382 13 0.0016
2005 1,016,231 6 0.0006 893,139 22 0.0025
2006 1,070,302 8 0.0007 924,045 17 0.0018
2007 1,122,363 13 0.0012 1,085,298 30 0.0028
2008 1,201,425 15 0.0012 1,163,732 41 0.0035
2009 1,251,718 30 0.0024 1,224,936 12 0.0010
2010 1,294,375 28 0.0022 1,384,960 3 0.0002
2011 1,373,399 16 0.0012 1,473,876 1 0.0001
2012 1,441,144 21 0.0015 1,774,920 3 0.0002
Total 14,301,875 165 0.0012 13,728,950 224 0.0016

A comparison of theoretical (predictive) and empirical values.

Code Scientific papers Technical patents
theoretical empirical theoretical Empirical
P1 7,205 8,204 453 593
P2 6,755 6,746 444 554
P3 13,028 8,725 426 617
P4 11,354 5,813 417 511
P5 7,619 7,062 426 556
P6 7,286 5,151 462 832
P7 6,035 8,339 498 542
P8 7,421 7,661 543 751
P9 7,367 8,688 516 566
P10 6,089 6,463 444 507
RMSE 0.2127 0.2127 0.0923 0.0923

The fitting parameters of scientific and technical “unicorns” (p<0.01).

Code Scientific papers Technical patents
Eq. (3) Eq. (2) Eq. (3) Eq. (2)
B 121.364 121.364 8.057 8.057
a 19.895 148.005 8.988 13.196
Obs 805 805 1008 1008
R2 0.650 0.642 0.541 0.522
R2adj 0.609 0.600 0.490 0.469
RSE 506.307 506.307 24.372 24.372
F 15.897 15.362 10.562 9.793

A selected top 10 scientific papers of biomedical “unicorns” (2001–2010).

Code Title Author(s) Source CT
Pr1 Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome Lander, ES et al. NATURE2001, 409(6822):860–921. 8,725
Pr2 Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin Knowler, WC; Barrett-Connor, E; Fowler, SE; et al. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE.2002, 346(6):393–403. 5,151
Pr3 Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses Higgins, JPT; Thompson, SG; Deeks, JJ; et al. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL2003, 327(7414):557–560 5,443
Pr4 MicroRNAs: Genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function Bartel, DP CELL2004, 116(2):281–297. 8,688
Pr5 Arlequin (version 3.0): An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis Excoffier, Laurent; Laval, Guillaume; Schneider, Stefan EVOLUTIONARY BIOINFORMATICS2005, 1:47–50. 7,808
Pr6 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors Takahashi, Kazutoshi; Yamanaka, Shinya CELL2006, 126(4):663–676. 8,826
Pr7 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors Takahashi, Kazutoshi; Tanabe, Koji; Ohnuki, Mari; Narita, et al. CELL2007, 131(5):861–872. 8,029
Pr8 Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C-T method Schmittgen, Thomas D.; Livak, Kenneth J. NATURE PROTOCOLS2008, 3(6):1101–1108. 7,665
Pr9 MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions Bartel, David P. CELL2009, 136(2):215–233. 10,328
Pr10 PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution Adams, Paul D.; Afonine, Pavel V.; Bunkoczi, Gabor; et al. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY2010, 66(2):213–221. 11,194
eISSN:
2543-683X
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Computer Sciences, Information Technology, Project Management, Databases and Data Mining
Kanał RSS czasopisma