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Measuring Scientific Productivity in China Using Malmquist Productivity Index


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Figure 1

GERD of several countries from 2001 to 2016 (millions in 2017 constant USD). Note: The data of China doesn’t include the statistical data of Chinese Taiwan.
GERD of several countries from 2001 to 2016 (millions in 2017 constant USD). Note: The data of China doesn’t include the statistical data of Chinese Taiwan.

Figure 2

An illustrative case of the Malmquist index.
An illustrative case of the Malmquist index.

Figure 3

Input and output indicators in different schemes.
Input and output indicators in different schemes.

Figure 4

Line chart of the overall TFP and its decompositions in Scheme 1.
Line chart of the overall TFP and its decompositions in Scheme 1.

Figure 5

Line chart of the teaching TFP and its decompositions in Scheme 2.
Line chart of the teaching TFP and its decompositions in Scheme 2.

Figure 6

Line chart of the research TFP and its decompositions in Scheme 3.
Line chart of the research TFP and its decompositions in Scheme 3.

Figure 7

Line chart of the transfer TFP and its decompositions in Scheme 4.
Line chart of the transfer TFP and its decompositions in Scheme 4.

Figure 8

Comparison of the overall TFP and TFPs in different schemes.
Comparison of the overall TFP and TFPs in different schemes.

Teaching TFP and its decompositions (Scheme 2).

PeriodsCatch-upFrontier-shiftTeaching TFP
2009–20101.7430.5580.972
2010–20110.8441.1200.946
2011–20120.8611.1801.016
2012–20131.6510.6040.997
2013–20141.1080.9281.029
2014–20150.9811.0881.067
2015–20161.3700.6730.923
Mean1.1760.8430.992

Research TFP and its decompositions (Scheme 3).

PeriodsCatch-upFrontier-shiftResearch TFP
2009–20100.8391.3271.113
2010–20110.9841.2141.195
2011–20121.0441.1351.185
2012–20131.3670.8261.129
2013–20141.0801.0211.102
2014–20151.0751.0591.139
2015–20160.9491.1841.123
Mean1.0381.0991.140

Input and output indicators in the existing literature.

Authors (Year)Input indicatorsOutput indicators
Agasisti (2011)Expenditure, Entry rates, Students: teachersPopulation, Graduation rates, Employment, Foreign students
Agasisti and Bianco (2009)Costs for non-academic staff, Costs for academic staff, Costs tor all staff, Other costs, Total costsStudents enrolled in scientific courses, Students enrolled in non-scientific courses, Total number of students, Ph.D. students, External funds for research activities
Agasisti and Johnes (2009)Total number of students, Total amount of financial resources/incomes, Number of Ph.D. students, Number of academic staffNumber of graduates, Total amount of external grants and contracts for research
Agasisti and Pohl (2012)Students, Academic staff, ExpendituresGraduates, External research
Barra et al. (2018)Number of academic staff, Percentage of enrolments with a score higher the 9/10 in secondary school, Percentage of enrolments who attended a lyceum, Total number of studentsNumber of graduates weighted by their degree classification, Research grants
Barra and Zotti (2016)Equivalent personnel, Total amount of financial resources the department spends on research activities, Total amount of financial resources the faculty allocates for teaching activities, Total number of students enrolledNumber of publications, Total external research funding obtained by the university, Research productivity index/ capacity of attracting resources index/ research productivity per cost of the academic staff index, Number of graduates weighted by their degree classification, Student satisfaction index/ undergraduate satisfaction index
Barros et al. (2011)Number of educational years in higher education, Experience of the workers without student jobWages
Edvardsen et al. (2017)Faculty employees, Administration and other employeesStudy points for courses of a lower degree, Study points for courses of a higher degree, Publishing points, Doctorates/Ph.Ds.
de França et al. (2010)Total number of professors with Ph.D. Degrees, Total number of support and administrative personnel, Total number of majors offeredTotal number of students that graduated during the year, Total number of candidates registered to take the entrance examination, Total number of students enrolled at the university
Johnes (2013)First node: Intake quality, Student: staff ratio, Per student spend. Second node: Degree results, Research reputationFirst node: Student satisfaction, Degree results. Second node: Employability
Singh and Ranjan (2017)Number of teachers (Professors and Associate Professors), Number of teachers (Assistant Professors and others), Number of non-teaching staff.Students enrolled in Ph.D. and M. Phil., Students enrolled in P.G. and P.G. Diploma, Students enrolled in U.G., Students enrolled in Diploma, Certificate, and Integrated courses, Students enrolled in P.G. and P.G. Diploma open courses,
Thanassoulis et al. (2011)Total operating costStudents enrolled in U.G. open courses. Undergraduates in medicine or dentistry, Undergraduate science students, Undergraduate non-science students, Postgraduate students in all disciplines, Quality-related funding and research grants, Income from other services
Wolszczak-Derlacz (2017)Academic staff, Total revenue, Total number of students, Non-academic staffPublications, Graduates, Scientific articles

The expansion of Chinese higher education from 1998 to 2007.

Year1998199920002001200220032004200520062007
Enrollment number108.4159.7220.6268.3320.5382.2447.3504.5546.1565.9
(Units: 10 thousand)
University number (Units: pcs)1,0221,0711,0411,2251,3961,5521,7311,7921,8671,908
Enrollment rate (Unit: %)9.810.512.212.915.017.019.021.022.023.0

Transfer TFP and its decompositions (Scheme 4).

PeriodsCatch-upFrontier-shiftTransfer TFP
2009–20100.6471.4650.949
2010–20111.0991.0751.181
2011–20120.9831.0351.017
2012–20130.6461.3410.866
2013–20142.4350.3130.761
2014–20151.0181.6591.689
2015–20162.1180.4020.851
Mean1.1310.8941.011

Overall TFP and its decompositions (Scheme 1).

PeriodsCatch-upFrontier-shiftOverall TFP
2009–20100.8161.2721.037
2010–20110.9591.1741.126
2011–20121.4850.8121.206
2012–20130.9431.1701.102
2013–20140.9781.1261.101
2014–20151.0451.0421.089
2015–20160.9411.1331.066
Mean1.0081.0951.103
eISSN:
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Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
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Computer Sciences, Information Technology, Project Management, Databases and Data Mining