Brood-Rearing Enhancing Potential of Manually Packed Pollen Feeding in Comparison with Pollen and Pollen Supplements in Patty Forms

Broods reared in dm² area (Mean ±SD); one dm² area consists 450 broods

Months	Packed pollen	Pollen patty	Ultra Bee patty	Mega-bee patty	Control	P-Value

October	14.8±14.8^a	11.8±6.9^a	9.6±12.4^a	14.5±13.7^a	8.7±1.7^a	0.206
November	22.3±15.1^a	13.4±6.6^a	11.8±9.8^a	19.2±1.6^a	12.3±4.9^a	0.200
December	27.7±9.8^a	17.3±4.5^a	16.0±5.8^a	16.8±5.9^a	13.2±3.9^a	0.081
January	31.2±11.1^b	19.6±7.3^b	16.1±7.6^b	16.1±5.7^b	15.3±6.6^b	0.000

Adult bee population in dm² area (Mean ±SD), one dm² area consists 225 adult bees

Months	Packed pollen	Pollen patty	Ultra Bee patty	Mega-bee patty	Control	P-Value

October	44.8±9.1^a	41.6±8.8^a	36.8±12.1^a	40.2±20.9^a	36.8±4.4^a	0.280
November	50.4±21.7^a	40.0±9.2^a	36.0±20.7^a	44.6±20.0^a	36.4±11.2^a	0.355
December	54.0±19.6^a	34.4±11.5^a	37.6±18.7^a	45.3±23.3^a	32.8±15.1^a	0.434
January	54.5±18.6^a	38.4±12.8^ab	37.6±14.8^ab	38.8±16.8^ab	30.2±14.3^b	0.019

Treatments	Oct	Nov	Dec	Jan	Monthly Average
Packed pollen	510	204	408	372	373.5±127.2^a
Pollen patty	288	366	471	330	363.8±78.3^a
Ultrabee patty	231	270	372	219	273.0±69.5^a
Megabee patty	228	147	408	231	253.5±110.1^a
P-value					= 0.255

Treatments	Variables adult bee and brood population area in dm² (Mean ±SD)

	N	Utilized combs	Adult bees	Brood area	Stored pollen
Packed-pollen	30	110.4±16.99^a	51.3±18.17^a	24.6±13.29^a	1.2±1.85^b
Pollen-patty	30	93.9±10.06^b	38.8±10.56^b	14.8±7.50^b	2.8±3.25^a
Ultra Bee-patty	30	86.4±24.72^b	36.9±16.43^b	13.0±9.12^b	2.3±1.91^ab
Megabee patty	30	94.4±16.99^b	42.6±18.92^ab	16.8±8.72^b	2.0±1.25^ab
Control	30	84.3±8.33^b	33.5±12.27^b	12.3±5.77^b	1.5±1.36^ab
P-value		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.032