This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Mlunde LB, Sunguya BF, Mbwambo JK,Ubuguyu OS, Shibanuma A, Yasuoka J, et al. (2016) A Mismatch between High-Risk Behaviors and Screening of Infectious Diseases among People Who Inject Drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0148598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148598Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Moreno S, Baraia-Etxaburu J, Bouza E, Parras F, Pérez-Tascón M, Miralles P, et al. Risk for developing tuberculosis among anergic patients infected with HIV. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:194–8 PMID 8100693 .Search in Google Scholar
Fleming DT, Wasserheit JN. From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect. 1999; 75:3–17. PMID: 10448335Search in Google Scholar
Deng LP, Gui XE, Zhang YX, Gao SC, Yang RR. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the course of hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009; 15:996–1003. PMID: 19248201].Search in Google Scholar
Chakrapani V, Newman PA, Shunmugam M, Dubrow R. Social-structural contexts of needle and syringe sharing behaviours of HIV-positive injecting drug users in Manipur, India: a mixed methods investigation. Harm Reduct J. 2011; 8(9). doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-8-9)Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Zhang L, Li J, Lai W, Feng L, Zeng Y, Liu L, et al. Prevalence and correlates of needle-sharing among new and long-term injection drug users in southwest China. Subst Use Misuse. 2010;45(14):2503–23).Search in Google Scholar
Monga HK, Rodríguez-Barradas MC, Breaux K, Khattak K, Troisi CL, Velez M, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection-related morbidity and mortality among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:240-7.Search in Google Scholar
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the European Union. 2003. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003Search in Google Scholar
March JC, Oviedo-Joekes E, Romero M. Factors associated with reported hepatitis C and HIV among injecting drug users in ten European cities. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2007 Feb;25(2):91-7. doi: 10.1157/13098569. PMID: 17288906.)Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Armstrong LR, Winston CA, Stewart B, Tsang CA, Langer AJ, Navin TR. Changes in tuberculosis epidemiology, United States, 1993-2017. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2019 Jul 1;23(7):797-804. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0757. PMID: 31439110; PMCID: PMC7052520.)Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Solomon SS, Hawcroft CS, Narasimhan P, Subbaraman R, Srikrishnan AK, Cecelia AJ, Suresh Kumar M, Solomon S, Gallant JE, Celentano DD. Comorbidities among HIV-infected injection drug users in Chennai, India. Indian J Med Res. 2008 May;127(5):447-52. PMID: 18653907; PMCID: PMC5638642).Search in Google Scholar
Gyarmathy VA, Neaigus A, Ujhelyi E. Vulnerability to drug-related infections and co-infections among injecting drug users in Budapest, Hungary. Eur J Public Health. 2009 Jun; 19(3): 260-5. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp009. Epub 2009 Feb 17. PMID: 19224936; PMCID: PMC2724848)Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
McCoy HV, Miles C. A gender comparison of health status among users of crack cocaine. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1992 Oct-Dec;24(4):389-97. doi: 10.1080/02791072.1992.10471663. PMID: 1491288.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Rumi MA, Siddiqui MA, Salam MA, Iqbal MR, Azam MG, Chowdhury AK, Khan AYM, Hasan KN, Hassan MS. Prevalence of infectious diseases and drug abuse among Bangladeshi workers. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2000 Sep;31(3):571-4. PMID: 11289023.).Search in Google Scholar
Morgado A, Köhnenkampf R, Navarrete P, García P, Balcells ME. Perfil clínico y epidemiológico de los casos de tuberculosis atendidos en una red de salud universitaria en Santiago de Chile entre los años 2000-2010 [Clinical and epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in a university hospital in Santiago, Chile]. Rev Med Chil. 2012 Jul;140(7):853-8. Spanish. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872012000700004. PMID: 23282696).Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Pando MA, De Salvo C, Bautista CT, Eyzaguirre L, Carrion G, Feola M, Lado I, Hoffman M, Biglione MM, Carr JK, Montano SM, Sanchez JL, Weissenbacher M, Avila MM. Human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis in Argentina: prevalence, genotypes and risk factors. J Med Microbiol. 2008 Feb;57(Pt 2):190-197. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.47492-0. PMID: 18201985.)Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Palmero, D., Ritacco, V., Ambroggi, M., Poggi, S., Guemes Gurtabay, J., Alberti, F. & Waisman, J. (2006). Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in AIDS patients at the beginning of the millennium. Medicina (B Aires) 66, 399–404 (in Spanish).Search in Google Scholar
Hussain T, Kulshreshtha KK, Yadav VS, Katoch K. Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus co-infections among tuberculosis patients attending a Model Rural Health Research Unit in Ghatampur, North India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2015 Oct-Dec;33(4):496-502. doi: 10.4103/0255-0857.167344. PMID: 26470954.).Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Dolan K, Wirtz AL, Moazen B, Ndeffo-Mbah M, Galvani A, Kinner SA, Courtney R, McKee M, Amon JJ, Maher L, Hellard M, Beyrer C, Altice FL. Global burden of HIV, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis in prisoners and detainees. Lancet. 2016 Sep 10;388(10049):1089-1102. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30466-4. Epub 2016 Jul 14. PMID: 27427453.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2016 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.16.XI.7); UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the GAP report, July 2014. Available at: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf.Search in Google Scholar
Osoianu I., Halacu A-Epidemiological aspects of co-infection of HIV/TB in Moldova- BMC Infectious Diseases 2016, 16(Suppl 3):P1.Search in Google Scholar
Aires RS, Matos MA, Lopes CL, Teles SA, Kozlowski AG, Silva AM, Filho JA, Lago BV, Mello FC, Martins RM. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among tuberculosis patients with or without HIV in Goiânia City, Brazil. J Clin Virol. 2012 Aug;54(4):327-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.04.006. Epub 2012 May 18. PMID: 22608842.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mukhatayeva A, Mustafa A, Dzissyuk N, Issanov A, Bayserkin B, Vermund SH, Ali S. Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, tuberculosis and sexually-transmitted infections among HIV positive patients in Kazakhstan. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 29;11(1):13542. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92688-w. Erratum in: Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 7;11(1):18123. PMID: 34188081; PMCID: PMC8241865Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lewer D, Jayatunga W, Aldridge RW, Edge C, Marmot M, Story A, Hayward A. Premature mortality attributable to socioeconomic inequality in England between 2003 and 2018: an observational study. Lancet Public Health. 2020 Jan;5(1):e33-e41. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30219-1. Epub 2019 Dec 5. Erratum in: Lancet Public Health. 2020 Jan;5(1):e18. PMID: 31813773; PMCID: PMC7098478.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
World Health Organization: Global Tuberculosis Report 2016. Geneva: WHO. 2016. Reference Source.Search in Google Scholar
Vinh VH, Vallo R, Giang HT, Huong DT, Oanh KTH, Khue PM, Thanh NTT, Quillet C, Rapoud D, Michel L, de Perre PV, Feelemyer J, Moles JP, Cournil A, Jarlais DD, Laureillard D, Nagot N. A cohort study revealed high mortality among people who inject drugs in Hai Phong, Vietnam. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021 Nov; 139:38-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.07.007. Epub 2021 Jul 16. PMID: 34280476Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Essomba NE, Ngaba PG, Halle MP, Afane-Voundi Y, Coppieters Y. Risk factors for mortality in patients with tuberculosis and HIV in Douala (Cameroon). Med Sante Trop. 2017 Aug 1;27(3):286-291. English. doi: 10.1684/mst.2017.0713. PMID: 28947405).Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Picchio CA, Valencia J, Doran J, Swan T, Pastor M, Martró E, Colom J, Lazarus JV. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction services in Spain. Harm Reduct J. 2020 Nov 4;17(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s12954-020-00432-w. PMID: 33143699; PMCID: PMC7609370Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Wiessing L, Sypsa V, Abagiu AO, Arble A, Berndt N, Bosch A, Buskin S, Chemtob D, Combs B, Conyngham C, Feelemyer J, Fitzgerald M, Goldberg D, Hatzakis A, Patrascu RE, Keenan E, Khan I, Konrad S, Leahy J, McAuley A, Menza T, Merrick S, Metcalfe R, Rademaker T, Revivo S, Rosca P, Seguin-Devaux C, Skinner S, Smith C, Tinsley J, Wilberg M, Des Jarlais D. Impact of COVID-19 & Response Measures on HIV-HCV Prevention Services and Social Determinants in People Who Inject Drugs in 13 Sites with Recent HIV Outbreaks in Europe, North America and Israel. AIDS Behav. 2022 Nov 11:1–14. doi: 10.1007/s10461-022-03851-x. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36367613; PMCID: PMC9651099.).Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Janjua NZ, Islam N, Kuo M, Yu A, Wong S, Butt ZA, Gilbert M, Buxton J, Chapinal N, Samji H, Chong M, Alvarez M, Wong J, Tyndall MW, Krajden M; BC Hepatitis Testers Cohort Team. Identifying injection drug use and estimating population size of people who inject drugs using healthcare administrative datasets. Int J Drug Policy. 2018 May;55:31-39. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.02.001. Epub 2018 Feb 23. PMID: 29482150.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Semá Baltazar C, Kellogg TA, Boothe M, Loarec A, de Abreu E, Condula M, Fazito E, Raymond HF, Temmerman M, Luchters S. Prevalence of HIV, viral hepatitis B/C and tuberculosis and treatment outcomes among people who use drugs: Results from the implementation of the first drop-in-center in Mozambique. Int J Drug Policy. 2021 Apr;90:103095. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103095. Epub 2021 Jan 9. PMID: 33429163.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Seung KJ, Franke MF, Hewison C, Huerga H, Khan U, Mitnick CD; end TB Study Group. High prevalence of hepatitis C infection among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients. J Hepatol. 2020 May;72(5):1028-1029. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.10.018. Epub 2020 Mar 6. Erratum in: J Hepatol. 2022 Aug;77(2):583. PMID: 32147086.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Adriana Hristea A., Lăpădat I., Jipa J, Moroti R, Benea S.,Antonică D..,Panait I., Petre R.- Infections in IDUs according to their HIV status- BMC Infectious Diseases 2016, 16(Suppl 3):O9.)Search in Google Scholar
Florea D., Bădicuţ I, Rafila Al..,Camburu C., Histrea A.., Frăţilă M.. and Oţelea D.- Genotypic rifampicin resistance in HIV/tuberculosis coinfected patients from a tertiary level infectious diseases hospital- BMC Infectious Diseases 2016, 16(Suppl 3):O13).Search in Google Scholar
Tănase D.., Manea E. ,Bacruban R.., Florea D., Oţelea D., Rafila Al.., Mărdărescu M.,Hristea A..- Clinical and epidemiological aspects in tuberculosis/HIV coinfected Patients- BMC Infectious Diseases 2016, 16(Suppl 3):O17).Search in Google Scholar
Streinu-Cercel, Săndulescu O, Neguţ A. C., Predescu M., Mărdărescu A., Săndulescu M., Streinu-Cercel A.-Romanian nationwide screening for infection with HIV and hepatitis B and C viruses- BMC Infectious Diseases 2016, 16(Suppl 3):O15Search in Google Scholar
Hongthiamthong P, Riantawan P, Subhannachart P, Fuangtong P.- Clinical aspects and treatment outcome in HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis: an experience from a Thai referral centre. J Med Assoc Thai. 1994 Oct;77(10):520-5. PMID: 7745373Search in Google Scholar
Erokhin VV, Kornilova ZKh, Alekseeva LP. [The specific features of the detection, clinical manifestations, and treatment of tuberculosis in the HIV-infected]. Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk. 2005;(10):20-8. Russian. PMID: 16318255.Search in Google Scholar
Gupta A, Mbwambo J, Mteza I, Shenoi S, Lambdin B, Nyandindi C, Doula BI, Mfaume S, Bruce RD. Active case finding for tuberculosis among people who inject drugs on methadone treatment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014 Jul;18(7):793-8. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0208. PMID: 24902554; PMCID: PMC4506927.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Chen X, Zhu L, Zhou YH, Liu FL, Li H, Yao ZH, Duo L, Pang W, Ye M, Zheng YT. Factors associated with needle sharing among people who inject drugs in Yunnan, China: a combined network and regression analysis. Infect Dis Poverty. 2016 Aug 9;5(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s40249-016-0169-y. PMID: 27502491; PMCID: PMC4977866.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Aebi MF, Tiago MM, Berger-Kolopp L, Burkhardt C. SPACE I—Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics: Prison populations. Survey 2016. Strasbourg: Council of Europe; 2017Search in Google Scholar
Wood E, Werb D, Kazatchkine M, Kerr T, Hankins C, Gorna R, et al. Vienna Declaration: a call for evidence-based drug policies. Lancet. 2010;376(9738):310–2.Search in Google Scholar
Stöver H, Tarján A, Horváth G, Montanari L. The state of harm reduction in prisons in 30 European countries with a focus on people who inject drugs and infectious diseases. Harm Reduct J. 2021 Jun 29;18(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12954-021-00506-3. PMID: 34187471; PMCID: PMC8240363.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kazi AM, Shah SA, Jenkins CA, Shepherd BE, Vermund SH. Risk factors and prevalence of tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among prisoners in Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis. 2010 Sep;14 Suppl 3:e60-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.012. Epub 2010 Mar 1. PMID: 20189863; PMCID: PMC2905608.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Deiss RG, Rodwell TC, Garfein RS. Tuberculosis and illicit drug use: review and update. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:72–82. doi:10.1086/594126PMID:19046064Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Erokhin VV, Kornilova ZKh, Alekseeva LP. [The specific features of the detection, clinical manifestations, and treatment of tuberculosis in the HIV-infected]. Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk. 2005;(10):20-8. Russian. PMID: 16318255.Search in Google Scholar
Vazirian M, Nassirimanesh B, Zamani S, Ono-Kihara M, Kihara M, Ravari SM, et al. Needle and syringe sharing practices of injecting drug users participating in an outreach HIV prevention program in Tehran, Iran: a crosssectional study. Harm Reduct J. 2005;2(1):19. doi:10.1186/1477-7517-2-19.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ngouleun W, Biapa Nya PC, Pieme AC, Telefo PB. Risk assessment of hepatotoxicity among tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS-coinfected patients under tuberculosis treatment. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2016 Dec;5(4):482-488. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.05.003. Epub 2016 Jun 6. PMID: 27931691.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Devarbhavi H., Antituberculous drug-induced liver injury: Current perspective, Trop. Gastroenterol. 32 (2011) 167–174.Search in Google Scholar
Ungo JR, Jones D, Ashkin D, Hollender ES, Bernstein D, Albanese AP, Pitchenik AE. Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The role of hepatitis C virus and the human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Jun;157(6 Pt 1):1871-6. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.157.6.9711039. PMID: 9620920.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Heemskerk AD, Bang ND, Mai NT, et al.: Intensified Antituberculosis Therapy inAdults with Tuberculous Meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374(2): 124–34.Search in Google Scholar
Prasad K, Singh MB, Ryan H: Corticosteroids for managing tuberculous meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 4: CD002244. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text)Search in Google Scholar
Stone KA. Reviewing harm reduction for people who inject drugs in Asia: the necessity for growth. Harm Reduct J. 2015 Oct 16;12:32. doi: 10.1186/s12954-015-0066-x. PMID: 26472335; PMCID: PMC4608313Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO). Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations. 2014. Available: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/128048/1/9789241507431_eng.pdf.ua=1. Accessed 9 July 2015.].Search in Google Scholar
FDA-approved HIV medicines [Internet]. HIVinfo.NIH.gov. 2021 [cited 2021 Dec 14]. https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/fda-approved-hiv-medicines]Search in Google Scholar
2020 Global AIDS Update: Seizing the moment—Tackling entrenched inequalities to end epidemics [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS; 2020. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2020/global-aids-report].Search in Google Scholar
LaHood A, Rahman R, McKenna L, Frick M, Mitnick CD (2022) Comparing timelines and evidence available to support new TB, HIV, and HCV drug approvals: The same, only different. PLoS ONE 17(7): e0271102. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271102)Search in Google Scholar
WHO Global report on access to hepatitis C treatment—Focus on overcoming barriers [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016. Report No.: WHO/HIV/2016.20. http://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/hep-c-access-report/en/.Search in Google Scholar
Global investments in tuberculosis research and development: Past, present, and future [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. 80 p. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/2017/Global_InvestmentsinTuberculosisResearchInvestment/en/]Search in Google Scholar
Global tuberculosis report 2020 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. 232 p. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240013131.Search in Google Scholar
Campbell JR, Al-Jahdali H, Bah B, Belo M, Cook VJ, Long R, Schwartzman K, Trajman A, Menzies D. Safety and Efficacy of Rifampin or Isoniazid Among People With Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Other Health Conditions: Post Hoc Analysis of 2 Randomized Trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Nov 2;73(9):e3545-e3554. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1169. PMID: 32785709; PMCID: PMC8563221.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
(World Health Organization, Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List, April 2015) (Amended June 2015). Available at: http://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/20/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_JUN2015.pdfua=1.)Search in Google Scholar
Sander G, Lines R. HIV, Hepatitis C, TB, Harm Reduction, and Persons Deprived of Liberty: What Standards Does International Human Rights Law Establish? Health Hum Rights. 2016 Dec;18(2):171-182. PMID: 28559684; PMCID: PMC5395004)Search in Google Scholar
Getahun H, Gunneberg C, Sculier D, Verster A, Raviglione M. Tuberculosis and HIV in people who inject drugs: evidence for action for tuberculosis, HIV, prison and harm reduction services. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2012 Jul;7(4):345-53. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e328354bd44. PMID: 22678489.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
